{"title":"PDE-5 Restore Cognitive and Metabolic Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)","authors":"Nikhat Firdosh, Bindu Singh Yadav, Shaaista Rahman, Hansraj Kumar","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Given that life expectancy is increasing and the human population is constantly aging, the quest for new, effective diagnostic methods and therapies in the context of cognitive decline is wide open. The present review was based on the pde-5 restore cognitive and metabolic function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PDE5 inhibitors, often known as PDE5i, are frequently given medications for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Their known mechanism in these disorders is to increase vasodilation that is dependent on nitric oxide by obstructing the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in vascular myocytes that is mediated by PDE5. One well-known natural PDE5 inhibitor is the flavonoid icariin, which comes from Epimedium brevicornum. Given that it enhances learning and memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, it stands out among the other examples in this class. The NO/cGMP signaling pathway is probably stimulated in order to achieve this effect, which lessens the physio-pathological alterations in treated mice. Icarimin is an AChE inhibitor, which makes it an even more appealing possibility for the development of innovative AD treatments. Natural chemicals frequently operate through parallel processes. In conclusion, conflicting findings from clinical trials can be gleaned from PDE inhibitors, despite their extremely promising performances in vitro and in certain in vivo illness models.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Properties of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: A Review","authors":"Priya Thapa, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.001","url":null,"abstract":"Nyctanthes arbor–tristis (L.) is a member of family Oleaceae. The present review was based on the phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. It is a large shrub with erect growth habit upto 10m in height. The bark on the branches is a flaky greyish green and the branches themselves are square. Broadly oval or rhomboid in shape, with a sharp apex and an entire border, the leaves are simple, exstipulate, opposite, and unifoliate. It is 10 cm in length and 5 cm in width and may be any shade of green from pale to dark. The leaves contain D-mannitol, β sitosterol, flavanol glycosides, astragalin, nicotiflorin, oleanolic acid, nyctanthic acid, tannic acid, ascorbic acid, methyl salicylate, an amorphous glycoside, an amorphous resin, friedeline, trace of volatile oil, carotene, lupeol, glucose, iridoid glycosides, mannitol, fructose, and benzoic acid. It has been used traditionally in inflammations, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, ophthalmopathy, splenomegaly, greyness of hair and baldness. It concluded that Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is rich source of numerous phytoconstituents and used traditionally in the management of various ailments. It has been reported for pharmacologically activities in various diseases i.e., anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antimalarial, antiparasitic, and anti-aggressive.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicological Profile of Rabeprazole","authors":"Shivanee Yadav, Harikrishna Yadav, Nidhi Tyagi, Prashant Kumar Katiyar","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is used for individuals with ulcers. The prodrug is transformed into an active sulphenamide form by the acidic conditions present in the parietal cells. Rabeprazole inhibits the H+K+ ATPase of the gastric cells, leading to a decrease in the generation of stomach acid in both normal and stimulated situations. The present review was based on the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profile of Rabeprazole. Once absorbed into the body, approximately 96.3–97% of rabeprazole is bound to plasma proteins. In humans, the half-life of rabeprazole is approximately one hour. The peak concentration of rabeprazole in human plasma following a single oral dose does not appear until around 3.5 hours later. Rabeprazole is metabolised mostly by the liver. Once the liver has metabolised the medicine, 90% of it will be excreted via the kidneys. The elimination fraction is 10%. Rabeprazole is mostly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. . It concluded that in the human pylorus, it decreased muscular tone, maximal contraction values, and contraction frequencies. When diclofenac sodium SR, glucosamine, diacerein, calcium, and vitamin D preparations were administered in addition to rabeprazole, the patients experienced GI bleeding, fatty liver grade 1, mild epigastric discomfort, black stools, and decreased haemoglobin content.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Rapid Analytical Method on UV Spectrophotometer for Analysis of Trace Level APIs Telmisartan in Cleaning Validation Sample","authors":"Seema Jamle, Archana Tiwari, Shikha Nagle, P.K. Dubey","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990’s, cleaning validations have gained a lot of interest within pharmaceutical and bio-pharmaceutical companies. In 1988, the FDA experienced its first major incident with cross contamination traceable to inadequate cleaning and cleaning validation. The finished drug product, Cholestyramine Resin USP, was recalled due to contamination with low levels of intermediates and degradants from the production of agricultural pesticides. The cross-contamination was believed to have come from the use of drums in the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). These drums had previously been used to store solvents for the manufacture of agricultural pesticides at another plant. Extra pure methanol procured from Chempura Enterprises Indore of make Merck and Analytical Grade water procured from the SK Traders Indore M.P. Reference materials, Telmisartan from Axiom Analytical Services Indore M.P. HPLC grade methanol (MeOH), HPLC Grade Water were purchased from Chempura Enterprises Indore M.P.. All chemicals were used as received, without any further purification. In recent years, increased emphasis has been placed in pharmaceutical companies for implementing robust validated cleaning procedures. The cleaning procedure is one of the most important tasks to avoid contamination and cross- contamination of APIs in pharmaceutical products manufactured on the same equipment trains. The cleaning procedures must be supported byappropriate analytical methods and related sampling methodologies.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN THE NICU ROOM (NEONATE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT) IN HOSPITAL X CITY OF PADANG YEAR 2022","authors":"Yaumil Husna, Almahdy A., D. Almasdy","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Neonates are very vulnerable to infection due to exposure to microorganisms during labor and sometime after birth. Some neonates need special care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) room because of infection cases that require antibiotic therapy. This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics qualitatively. This study is an analytic descriptive study with cross sectional design, using retrospective data. Evaluation of antibiotic use qualitatively with the Gyssens method. While the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic use with the description of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed by chi square. The source of data was the medical records of patients admitted to the NICU room of Hospital X in Padang City who were admitted from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the description of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and evaluation of antibiotic use. From this study, the results of qualitative evaluation obtained category 0 (rational) 180 (71.14%), category IIa as many as 14 (5.53%), category IIb as many as 9 (3.56%), category IIIa as many as 21 (8.30%) and category IIIb as many as 28 (11.07%).The relationship between the accuracy of antibiotic use with the description of demographic characteristics and NICU discharge conditions obtained the results there is a difference in the level of accuracy of antibiotic use with the birth process (p=0.000) and there is a difference in the level of accuracy of antibiotic use with NICU discharge conditions (p=0.000).","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS IN THE ICU (INTENSIVE CARE UNIT) ROOM OF HOSPITAL X IN ACEH IN 2022","authors":"Rachmad Syah, Almahdy A., D. Almasdy","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The irrational use of antibiotics can lead to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics in hospitals, which can complicate the treatment process. Potential problems with antibiotic use in the ICU arise from inappropriate use. A study mentioned that 30%-60% of antibiotic use in ICU is unnecessary, inappropriate, or suboptimal. Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia (AMRIN) research showed that 42% of antibiotic use indicated inappropriate in surgical patients. This study is an analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using retrospective data with a qualitative approach to the Gyssens method. This study used retrospective secondary data in the form of medical records of postoperative patients in the ICU in 2022. 116 patient medical records met the inclusion criteria. The results of the Gyssens analysis showed a category 0 (rational) of 71.58% and an inappropriate category of 28.42% spread in several categories. The results of the chi-square test showed a difference in the quality of antibiotic use with the type of single or combined antibiotic use, and there was a difference in the quality of antibiotic use with the condition of the patient leaving the ICU.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROFILE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL WITH SELF-MEDICATION SERVICES AT PADANG GUCI 2 PHARMACY, BENGKULU CITY","authors":"Tika Hardini, Nadya Anggraini, Aina Fatkhil Haque","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication (swamedication) is effort to use or obtain drug without diagnosis , doctor's advice , prescription , supervision therapy or use drug For treat self Alone without consultation with health workers . Self-medication usually done to treat complaints about minor illnesses that people often experience, such as pain, dizziness, cough, fever, etc. If self-medication is done correctly, it can help improve the patient's health. However, on the other hand, if self-medication is done incorrectly, new diseases will arise. The aim of this research is to obtain information about the level of patient satisfaction regarding self-medication services at the Padang Guci 2 pharmacy, Bengkulu City .This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Data and information were collected from respondents using a questionnaire. The sample obtained was 100 respondents. Data analysis used univariate analysis. The results of the research show that the level of patient satisfaction regarding pharmaceutical services in Padang Guci 2 is that in the reliability dimension, the average score was 97% with a statement of very satisfied, in the responsiveness dimension , the average score was 97% with the statement very satisfied, in the assurance dimension , the score was obtained. an average of 95% with very satisfied information, in the empathy dimension an average score of 95% was obtained with very satisfied information and in the tangible dimension an average value of 95% was obtained with very satisfied information. The average results of the 5 dimensions are 95.8% which shows that level satisfaction customers at the Padang Guci2 Pharmacy get results very satisfied.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"36 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Incidence Side Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs in the Intensive Care Unit General Hospital Dr.M.Ddjamil Padang","authors":"Ulfa Syafli Nosa, Widya Kardela, Rezlie Bellatasie, Wanda Aulya Ramadhani","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"To lower morbidity and mortality from disease complications, the goal of hypertension treatment is to maintain target blood pressure. The management of hypertension necessitates lifelong medication, which carries the risk of adverse drug reactions. This study attempts to ascertain the occurrence of antihypertensive drug side effects and the description of antihypertensive drug use in Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital's Intensive Care Unit based on the Naranjo algorithm. Using cross-sectional methodology and retrospective data, this study is an example of non-experimental descriptive research. 60 patients met the inclusion criteria according to the study's findings. The most utilized medicines were those in the Calcium channel blocker (CCB) class. The incidence of side effects was found to be 18 patients (55 different types of pharmaceuticals) in the moderately likely category and 1 patient (2 different types of drugs) in the uncertain category based on the Naranjo algorithm. The side effects that caused more than 10% were edema (12.28%), hypotension (38%), cough (15.78%), and hyponatremia (14.03%). Chest pain (8.77%), shortness of breath (5.26%), nausea, and vomiting (5.26%) were the side effects that manifested <10%. Antihypertensive medication side effects remain in the Central General Hospital (RSUP), Dr. M. Djamil Padang's Intensive Care Unit (ICU).","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meilinda Mustika, Nurmalia Nurmalia, Henni Rosiani
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM STEEPING HERBAL TEA COMBINATION FIG LEAF (Ficus carica L.) AND SUNGKAI LEAF (Paronema canesescens Jack)","authors":"Meilinda Mustika, Nurmalia Nurmalia, Henni Rosiani","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.010","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal tea is made from a mixture or single form of leaf, seeds, or roots of various types of plants that have properties in help treatment. The combination of Ficus carica (fig) leaf and Peronema canescens Jack (sungkai) leaf is one of the innovative ingredients that can be used in herbal teas. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and hedonic activity of herbal tea steeping a combination of fig leaf, sungkai leaf, and their combinations with various weight variations, namely (70:30), (50:50), (30:70). Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, then analyzed using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. To find out the level of consumer preference for herbal tea brewing, a hedonic test was carried out. From the antioxidant activity test, the IC50 values of fig leaf, sungkai leaf, and the combination were 25.4885, 30.7039, 18.0717, 21.0907, and 25.0547 µg/mL respectively. Hedonic tests were performed on panelists and analyzed using the Friedman test results obtained p-value>0.05. It can be concluded that all formulas have very strong antioxidant activity, and there is no significant effect between the 5 formulas on the color, smell, and taste of the brew.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"479 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ijazati Alfitroh, Elly Mulyani, Yuyun Nur Utami, Eka Putri Wiyati, Tika Hardini
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOID CAPACITY BY USING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CIPLUKAN LEAVES (Physalis angulata L.) USING UV-VIS SPECTROFOTOMETRY METHODS","authors":"Ijazati Alfitroh, Elly Mulyani, Yuyun Nur Utami, Eka Putri Wiyati, Tika Hardini","doi":"10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Ciplukan leaves (Physalis angulata L.) have a composition of main phytochemical compounds including alkoloids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids that can function as antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and anticancer. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the levels of flavonoid compounds contained in the Ethanol Extract of Ciplukan Leaf (Physalis angulata L.) Ethanol extraction of Ciplukan Leaves (Physalis angulata L.) was carried out using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, a flavonoid identification test was carried out on the Ethanol Extract of Ciplukan Leaves with the addition of Mg metal powder, concentrated HCI, and 10% NaOH, then determining Flavonoid levels using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using Quercetin as a comparative raw material. A qualitative test of Ethanol Extraction of Ciplukan Leaves (Physalis angulata L.) containing flavonoids has been carried out. Determination of flavonoid levels using UV-vis spectrophotometry obtained 0.0235%.","PeriodicalId":246486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine","volume":"20 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}