Business History eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Post-Keynesian Perspectives on Economic Development and Growth","authors":"Peter Kriesler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1984371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984371","url":null,"abstract":"As history, institutions, social and political forces specific to any economy have a profound effect on that economy’s dynamics, it is important to understand how these have evolved with the development of capitalism. The classical economists analysed economies with labour surpluses, which kept wages at subsistence levels, encouraging profits and therefore economic growth. Lewis extended this model to developing economies, with the labour surplus coming from the agricultural sector. With growth and development, the labour surplus becomes absorbed into the labour force, eventually leading to upward pressure on wages This is associated with the Keynesian era, where the level of effective demand becomes an important determinant of employment and growth. As a result of further development, competitive capitalist economies have evolved to the monopoly capital stage, where oligopolistic corporations influence the dynamics of the economy. More recently, we have seen the increased prominence of the financial sector, which has both led to and been influenced by globalisation.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Internet Growth on the Online Stock Trading in India","authors":"Dr. Sarika Srivastava","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1964838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1964838","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly two billion people are connected to the Internet. During the last twenty years, the technology revolution has had an intense and irreversible impact on the world and Indian stock market has also witnessed these changes. From its formal inception in the 19th century, the Indian capital market has come a long way and can be said to be in a maturity stage, backed by a developed legal system. The internet has made financial products and services available to more customers and eliminated geographical barriers. Earlier investors were solely dependent on their brokers but nowadays they are participating more in buying and selling of shares with the help of internet. E-trading has saved time, energy and money as it helps to access the market from any where at any time. The primary objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of internet growth on the stock market transactions. The paper also discusses the current state of internet trading in India and particularly the scope of online trading market available in India.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124449918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Monetary-Policy Evolution and U.S. Intervention","authors":"Michael D. Bordo, Owen F. Humpage, A. Schwartz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1950308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1950308","url":null,"abstract":"The United States all but abandoned its foreign-exchange-market intervention operations in late 1995, when they proved corrosive to the credibility of the Federal Reserve?s commitment to price stability. We view this decision as the culmination of the evolution of U.S. monetary policy over the past century from a gold standard to a fiat money regime. The abandonment of intervention was necessary to secure monetary policy credibility.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125255605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third Country Dumping: Origin, Evolution and Prospect","authors":"D. Ahn","doi":"10.1142/9789814704359_0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814704359_0004","url":null,"abstract":"Third country anti-dumping actions were envisioned at the very inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and yet almost completely neglected by most governments throughout the GATT/World Trade Organization (WTO) history. The requirement for prior approval by multilateral trade institutions became a formidable procedural obstacle for any country seeking third country anti-dumping duty (AD) actions. Despite such difficulties, there were only few attempts to effectively employ such actions and several legal arrangements to refine the rules for third country AD actions. This article investigates the origin and historical development concerning third country AD actions and examines their implications for the current WTO system that is congested with numerous Free Trade Agreements (FTAs).","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129961475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Education in Pakistan: Growth, Problems and Prospects","authors":"Anwar Khan Marwat, I. Shah, Kamran Azam","doi":"10.15580/GJBMS.2011.1.JMBS-11011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15580/GJBMS.2011.1.JMBS-11011","url":null,"abstract":"In present age of knowledge economy, professional education has gained unique importance. The post World War II developments in shape of unprecedented growth of trade and industry have caused proliferation of business education throughout world beside progress in other areas like engineering and medicine. Resultantly, business education achieved great value. The importance of business education has been further increased in developing economy like Pakistan, which has still long way to reach the status of developed economy. An overview of the growth of the business education in Pakistan has been presented in this study through highlighting its problems and future prospect. For this purpose, a non-systematic narrative review was carried out in such way that a thorough review of the existing literature on business education in Pakistan was done. It has been found that the roots of existing business education system in Pakistan lies in the educational system introduced by British in past. The present system of business education in Pakistan has gradually grown in past sixty four years, in such way that it has experienced a paradigm shift in 21 st century, when the Government of Pakistan invested huge amount in education sector for development of country through knowledge and technology. It is still facing different inherited problems which are either from the institution or government side. There is a need of a more dynamic approach for full development the business education system in country through joint collaboration between society, business education institutions and government. Once such system will be developed then the requirements of business sector will be successfully fulfilled and country will get a strong base in commerce, trade and industry, which will ultimately develop the country as whole.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129368571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Habitat Restoration: Fish, Farms, and Ecosystem Services","authors":"Keith H. Hirokawa, Charles Gottlieb","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1907721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1907721","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of estuarine marshes and floodplains to agricultural uses through diking, draining, and filling has left little adequate salmon habitat and, as a result, has been a critical factor in the decline of salmon populations. Current efforts to restore salmon by reestablishing ecosystem functionality. In particular, it has become more common to include dam and dike breaches as feasible solutions. Of course, there is a cost involved in habitat restoration, even if it is not an obvious environmental cost. This article examines the dialogue on salmon valuation by contrasting the historical view of salmon-as-commodity with insights from \"ecosystem services.\" This emerging trend in ecological economics will play a critical role in justifying restoration projects and formulating sustainability strategies; ecosystem services valuation is showing that investments in natural capital can provide substantial returns. This article also provides a case study of the Smith Island Habitat Restoration Project in Snohomish County, Washington. Smith Island, which was converted to farmland a century ago, exhibits enormous potential value for habitat restoration and begs for an inclusive process that considers the voices for economic, human, and ecosystem well-being. The resolution of the Smith Island controversy provides an insightful example of how a sustainability framework can be useful in showing that restoration strategies can offer substantial benefits to other lands uses and interests.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125701165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Censorship Laws on Media Freedoms","authors":"S. Otieno","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1895352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1895352","url":null,"abstract":"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights , The European Convention on Human rights and the Kenyan constitution guarantees the media under their provisions, the freedom of expression and opinion. However, the media can do both good and damage in terms of the information, images ideas and speech which it relays to the public if it is left unchecked; hence the need for censorship. Censorship is the control of speech, information and images that are going to be viewed by the public and it is usually exercised by the government or governing bodies.However, the media has been made an avenue for political influence whereby the government uses its power in the appointment of media controlling houses which then serve to create a form of political influence on the content of the media. The view that censorship should not be left to the government alone is one that could lead us out of this silent form of dictatorship because a free press leads to modern democracy. If the government is given too much power to control information then it is prone to abuse that power. This research paper examines the government's excesses in censoring the media; and, while recognizing that media regulation and censorship is necessary in this modern era, it explores other approaches to censorship that do not necessarily lead to media oppression.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116281280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrepreneurial Discovery and Information Complexity in Knowledge-Intensive Industries","authors":"Amol M. Joshi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1942540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1942540","url":null,"abstract":"I investigate how the inherent complexity of the information associated with a newly introduced product affects the likelihood that the product is subsequently replicated, imitated, or both. Using information theory, I introduce a model and methods for quantifying the complexity of any product that is representable as an algorithm. I apply this methodology to construct and analyze a historical dataset of 91 digital signal processing firms and 853 product introductions (1974-2009). The empirical results support previously untested predictions from earlier simulation studies. The generalized model is extensible to many knowledge-intensive industries and has important implications for researchers, managers, and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"652 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133640458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Wages and Skill Premia in China, 1858-1936","authors":"Se Yan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1785230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1785230","url":null,"abstract":"What happens to wage inequality when a country begins to trade and industrialize? I construct new wage series for China from 1858 to 1936. I collect the nominal wages from the records of the China Maritime Customs, and estimate real wages for unskilled and skilled workers using new group-specific cost of living indices. I find that unskilled real wages were stagnant, but skilled wages rose rapidly before 1920 and fell thereafter. My findings suggest that technological advances increased skill demand, driving up the skill premium. Educational progress eventually increased the supply of skilled workers, thereby reducing the skilled wage.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorienting Management Education: From the Homo Economicus to Human Dignity","authors":"C. Dierksmeier","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1766183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1766183","url":null,"abstract":"The recent economic crises added fuel to the debate about the social impact of the teachings of economics and of management theory. After about 200 years of imitating the methods of the natural sciences and their thoroughly positivistic approach, and after decades of relegating any and all moral considerations to the margins of business theory, often belittling its tenets as not amenable to quantitative models, now, arguably, a paradigm shift is under way. We are seeing an ever stronger (re-)orientation of economic and business theory towards the social sciences and the humanities, and we are witnessing the return of qualitative methods and ethics to economics. In the wake of these developments, a new economic anthropology will be needed. Management education, having inched away from the homo economicus-model for several years now, is about to cut loose fully from its former moorings in the mechanistic paradigm of the past. Instead of tracking the behavioralistic depictions of human behavior as a mere pursuit of profit-maximization, a new course has to be chartered. In what follows, I argue that management theory should set sail towards the shores of a humanistic paradigm, centered on the idea of human dignity. To understand human agency we must penetrate the normative dimension of the human mind. Descriptions of economic behavior match reality only when they are observant to the moral prescriptions that inform said behavior. Not incidentally, therefore, philosophical reflections on human nature and values have been at the forefront of economic thinking for more than two thousand years, from ancient times up to the late 18th century. This wisdom of the ages, I hold, we must not overlook. I will unfold this thesis in favor of a new management theory centered on the idea of human dignity in the following steps: (1) I investigate how in 19th century the introduction of mechanistic models of human behavior, like the homo economicus-theorem, economic thinking impacted and impaired modern management education. (2) Then, in order to prepare the philosophical grounds for a future humanistic management education, I will glean the central normative tenets of a humanistic ethics from the history of philosophy. (3) Last, I investigate the possible contributions of a more humanistic pedagogy, centered on the idea of human dignity, to reorienting education in today's business schools.","PeriodicalId":245549,"journal":{"name":"Business History eJournal","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122680537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}