Applied Catalysis A: General最新文献

{"title":"In situ synthesis of stable and coking-resistant NiCo@La₂MoO₆ core-shell catalyst from perovskite precursor for dry reforming of methane","authors":"Haoran Yu ,&nbsp;Jucang Ke ,&nbsp;Xuyingnan Tao ,&nbsp;Feiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhao ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Haiqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni(Co)-based catalysts exhibit high activity for dry reforming of methane (DRM), but their rapid deactivation due to carbon deposition—especially at high metal loadings—remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report an in situ synthesis strategy for a coking-resistant NiCo@La₂MoO₆ core-shell catalyst derived from a perovskite precursor. The LaNi₀.₅Co₀.₄Mo₀.₁O₃ (LNCM1) precursor, synthesized via the sol−gel method, adopts a single-phase perovskite structure. During H₂ pretreatment and DRM reaction, in situ exsolution of Ni and Co atoms from the perovskite lattice occurs, accompanied by the formation of low-crystallinity La₂MoO₆. This process establishes a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), enabling the self-assembly of a NiCo@La₂MoO₆ core-shell structure. The core-shell structure not only enhances catalytic activity but also suppresses carbon deposition, ensuring long-term stability. In contrast, the NiCo/La₂O₃ catalyst derived from the Mo-free LNC precursor—composed primarily of La(NiCo)O₃, La₂(NiCo)O₄, and La₂O₃—achieves high initial activity but rapidly deactivates due to severe carbon deposition. We propose that the binding strength and coverage of O* on the NiCo surface, modulated by Mo doping, play an essential role in determining the catalytic activity and coking resistance. However, there is a trade-off in the NiCo-O* interaction: while a strong interaction suppresses carbon deposition, it concurrently diminishes the activity. Incorporating Mo into La₂MoO₆ stabilized the high oxidation state of molybdenum, thereby optimizing the NiCo-O* interaction and enhancing catalytic performance in dry reforming of methane. This work advances the design of durable, coke-resistant NiCo-based DRM catalysts through tailored perovskite precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Pt-TiO₂ interaction via titanium defect-mediated electronic modulation for efficient toluene combustion","authors":"Ziqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Youxi Dong ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Yinmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhifei Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulating the electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) has been widely recognized as an effective strategy for significantly enhancing the performance of noble metal catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. However, studies aimed at further enhancing EMSI through the creation of metal vacancies on the support surface has been rarely reported in the field of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) oxidation. Herein, we develop a TiO₂ support with abundant titanium vacancies (TiO₂-V_M) for the stable anchoring of well-dispersed platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. The as-prepared Pt/TiO₂-V_M catalyst is evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of toluene, demonstrating superior catalytic performance, including a low temperature (164 °C) for 90 % toluene conversion (<em>T</em>_<em>90</em>), high CO₂ selectivity, excellent long-term stability and water resistance. These performance improvements are mainly attributed to the strong electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) at the Pt–support interface, which arises from the interaction between Pt species and titanium vacancies. Electron transfer from the TiO₂-V_M support to Pt through Pt-O-Ti bonding results in the formation of electron-enriched Pt⁰ species. Furthermore, the EMSI between the metal vacancies in the support and the Pt species imposes a confinement effect on the Pt nanoparticles, effectively suppressing their agglomeration and enhancing their dispersion. This study proposes a novel strategy for designing highly efficient supported catalysts through the regulation of EMSI to enhance the catalytic performance in VOCs abatement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-derived bimetallic composites: A heterogeneous catalyst for enhanced photo-Fenton degradation activities","authors":"Wenjuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Panpan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yezhi Ding ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Li ,&nbsp;Youliang Wang ,&nbsp;Henan Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Feng ,&nbsp;Peiqing La","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global industry advances rapidly, organic pollutants in water have been posing threats to human health and ecosystems. Photo-Fenton oxidation has emerged as a promising way to degrade organic pollutants. Herein, we constructed MXene-derived bimetallic composites (3D TiO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x@MCuFe-MOF) for the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB) by self-assembly and in situ derivation strategy. The 3D porous structure of the composite can significantly reduce the molecular transfer resistance, achieve adsorption of pollutants and efficient transfer of active substances. The tight Schottky junction between TiO₂ and Ti₃C₂T_x plays a synergetic role in improving charge separation and accelerating the transfer of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, TiO₂ was used as an electron donor to promote the metal valence cycle in MCuFe-MOF. The optimal MXene-derived bimetallic composite exhibited 91.8 % degradation rate for MB (2.5 g/L) within 60 min. The composite has extremely high degradation efficiency for high-concentration pollutants. Overall, by introducing two-dimensional cocatalysts into metal organic framework materials, followed by in-situ derivatization to construct highly active photo-Fenton catalyst, offers a forward-looking strategy for designing catalyst materials with excellent photo-Fenton performance and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective catalytic transformation of lignocellulose into bio-based cresol using recyclable Cu0-CuFe2O4@Biochar composite catalyst","authors":"Can Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuehui Luo ,&nbsp;Wanyun Tang ,&nbsp;Nan Huang ,&nbsp;Shiju Tao ,&nbsp;Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Quanxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high value transformation of renewable lignocellulose is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development. This effort aims to demonstrate that bio-based cresol (an important high-value chemical) can be yielded from lignocellulosic biomass. This novel directed conversion was effectuated by coupling catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulose into aromatic intermediates and catalytic hydroxylation of aromatic intermediates into bio-based cresol. We also developed a highly active and recyclable magnetic catalyst (Cu⁰-CuFe₂O₄@Biochar(HTR)), confirming that introducing Cu⁰ into the copper-iron composite metal oxide catalyst promotes hydroxyl radicals formation and the synthesis of bio-based cresol. The Cu⁰-CuFe₂O₄@Biochar(HTR) catalyst exhibited high cresol selectivity (81.1 %) and high cresol yield (54.3 %) in catalytic hydroxylation of aromatic intermediates into bio-based cresol. Based on catalyst characterizations and hydroxyl radicals analysis, the presumable reaction mechanism related to the bio-based cresol synthesis was proposed. Potentially, this strategy may provide a beneficial pathway for developing high-value bio-based chemical (cresol) using renewable lignocellulosic biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Co-OV-Mg active centers in valence-tailored solid solutions for mild and efficient CO2 cycloaddition","authors":"Muhua Chen,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Mengting Li,&nbsp;Bo Fu,&nbsp;Jihuai Tan,&nbsp;Licheng Li,&nbsp;Meisi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of efficient interfacial active sites in metal oxides remains a major challenge for driving the CO₂ cycloaddition under mild conditions. Herein, we engineered a Co_xMg_1-xO solid solution catalyst via a controlled reduction strategy, which achieves near-atomic dispersion within the MgO lattice. The catalyst delivers 96 % yield of cyclic carbonate from epichlorohydrin at 90 °C and 0.1 MPa CO₂, surpassing the performance of benchmark MgO and Co₃O₄ catalysts and maintaining stability over five cycles. Structural and spectroscopic characterization (XRD, XPS, UV-Vis) combined with DFT calculations reveal that the high activity originates from synergistic Co-O_V-Mg interfacial sites, where Lewis acidic Co²⁺ activates epoxides and adjacent oxygen vacancies facilitate CO₂ adsorption. This synergistic effect lowers the energy barrier for the rate-determining ring-opening step to 0.37 eV. This work demonstrates the rational design of oxide solid solutions to create cooperative interfacial sites for efficient CO₂ conversion under mild conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal catalytic reverse water-gas shift: Solar conversion mechanisms and catalyst design","authors":"Huijun Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Cheng ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Ye ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Qun Chen ,&nbsp;Junqing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a prominent greenhouse gas, poses significant environmental challenges, including global warming and ecological disruption. The conversion of CO₂ into high-value-added products is imperative for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, recognized as an efficient CO₂ conversion pathway, generates carbon monoxide (CO), which serves as a crucial feedstock for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and as a versatile fuel. Recently, photothermal catalytic RWGS has emerged as a highly efficient alternative to conventional thermal catalysis and standalone photocatalysis, owing to its lower energy consumption and enhanced product selectivity. This review systematically examines recent advancements in photothermal catalytic RWGS, focusing on the classification of reaction mechanisms, including thermal-assisted photocatalysis (TAPC), photo-driven thermal catalysis (PDTC), and photo-thermal synergistic catalysis (PTSC). Additionally, it categorizes high-performance catalysts into three primary groups-noble and rare metal-based catalysts, non-noble metal-based catalysts, and metal-free catalysts. Representative examples are provided to illustrate the structure-activity relationships and catalytic performance. Ultimately, the review highlights the challenges and future directions in this field, aiming to deepen the mechanistic understanding and inspire the development of next-generation photothermal catalysts for sustainable CO₂ utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst development for the hydrogen to propylene oxide process with in-situ generated hydrogen peroxide and intensification in a trickle bed reactor","authors":"Christoph Schmidt ,&nbsp;Francesco Sandri ,&nbsp;Alice Vidrequin ,&nbsp;Jeremy Favier ,&nbsp;Atte Aho ,&nbsp;Sari Granroth ,&nbsp;Mika Lastusaari ,&nbsp;Tapio Salmi","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel continuous propylene oxide production via in-situ generated hydrogen peroxide under mild liquid phase conditions was optimized by tailoring gold-palladium on titanium silicalite 1 (TS-1) catalysts and reaction parameters. AuPd alloy nanoparticles were deposited on two commercial TS-1 supports, with and without anatase impurities. On anatase-free TS-1, highly dispersed AuPd nanoparticles (6–10 nm) were formed, whereas in anatase-containing TS-1, metal precursors preferentially deposited on anatase, yielding larger nanoparticles after calcining. Ammonium hydroxide and water, water-only washing, and no washing were applied after synthesis, with water-only washing yielding smallest nanoparticles. Prolonged urea-deposition synthesis promoted metal redispersion, confirmed by material sampling during synthesis, and improved catalyst stability. In the combined direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide process (HPPO), smaller AuPd nanoparticles enhanced propylene oxide production but decreased propylene oxide selectivity by formation of propane and ring-opening products. Au-richer alloys improved propylene oxide selectivity but decreased propylene oxide productivity, while monometallic gold was inactive in the reaction system. Higher metal loadings increased propylene oxide productivity only for gold-richer alloys. Reaction parameter optimization identified that higher temperature and reduced liquid flow rate favored hydrogen peroxide conversion and ring-opening products formation, while shifting from propene-rich to oxygen-rich feed suppressed propane formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribochemical dehydrogenation of 1-octene confined between iron-based surfaces: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study","authors":"Yi Gan ,&nbsp;Fangli Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In steel friction system, interfacial reactions can lead to the generation of atomic hydrogen that diffuses into the metal lattice, thereby inducing hydrogen embrittlement and significantly compromising service reliability. In this study, reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the friction-induced dehydrogenation behavior of 1-octene on iron (α-Fe(100)), iron sulfide (FeS), and amorphous iron oxide (a-Fe₂O₃) surfaces. The results revealed that on α-Fe(100) surfaces, 1-octene molecules can form Fe–C bonds with surface atoms, thereby catalyzing C–H bond cleavage and hydrogen release, exhibiting the lowest activation energy and the highest dehydrogenation yield. On the FeS surface, the partial passivation of active iron sites by sulfur atoms leads to a slight increase in the activation energy, resulting in a moderate reaction yield. Both geometric and electronic effects contribute to the largest activation volume observed for FeS. On a-Fe₂O₃ surfaces, the reactions proceeded primarily via two mechanisms, namely surface-stabilized and radical-like pathways. The facile dissociation of hydrogen atoms through the radical-like pathway results in the highest energy barrier and the lowest dehydrogenation yield. This study provides insights into the catalytic and passivation behaviors of iron and its compounds toward hydrocarbon molecules in lubricating oils under sliding friction conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching the product selectivity of acetylene hydration by engineering the local coordination of Zn-Nx sites","authors":"Qianran Sun ,&nbsp;Yufan Ma ,&nbsp;Qinqin Wang,&nbsp;Yuli Hou,&nbsp;Dekai Yuan,&nbsp;Bin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydration of acetylene reaction represents a pathway with long-standing industrial strategic value in coal chemistry. However, the catalytic efficiency is hampered by inherent challenges such as the high inherent reactivity of acetylene, competitive adsorption on active sites, and an intricate network of parallel reactions that lead to byproducts. These factors make precise catalytic control over reaction selectivity paramount for achieving high target product yields. To address this, the classic metal-organic framework ZIF-8 and its pyrolytically derived Zn-N-C material were synthesized and systematically evaluated as catalysts for this transformation. Experimental results demonstrated that ZIF-8, featuring a Zn-N₄ coordination structure, achieved an acetone selectivity of 87 %, whereas the Zn-NC material with a Zn-N₃ coordination structure exhibited a acetaldehyde selectivity of 70 % under identical reaction conditions. XPS and XAFS analyses revealed that pyrolysis induced a transformation in the coordination environment of ZIF-8 from Zn-N₄ to Zn-N₃. DFT calculations further clarified the structure-selectivity relationship between coordination geometry and product distribution. Specifically, for ZIF-8 with Zn-N₄ sites, β-ketobutyraldehyde decarbonylation served as the rate-determining step, featuring a lower energy barrier that favors acetone formation. In contrast, for Zn-NC with Zn-N₃ sites, acetylene activation becomes the rate-determining step, and its lower energy barrier promotes acetaldehyde production. This work underscores the critical role of local coordination structures in acetylene hydration and offers a novel strategy for enhancing catalytic selectivity through precise modulation of the metal active center coordination environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over supported Ru catalysts for high syngas conversions: A comparative study of Al2O3 and SiOx-modified-Al2O3 supports","authors":"Mufudzi Chaza,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Fadlalla,&nbsp;Thulani M. Nyathi,&nbsp;Nico Fischer,&nbsp;Michael Claeys","doi":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between a support material and active metal influences the activity, selectivity, and physicochemical stability of a supported catalyst. In this study, the effect of support materials (<em>viz.</em>, alumina (Al₂O₃) and silica-modified-alumina (SiO_x-m-Al₂O₃)) on the performance of Ru-based catalysts for Power-to-Liquids Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (PtL-FTS) was investigated. The overarching aims of this study were to achieve high CO conversions (&gt;85 %) to C₅₊ hydrocarbons and low selectivities to CH₄ (&lt;5 %) and CO₂ (&lt;1 %). Two catalysts of 20 wt.-% Ru loading were synthesised using Al₂O₃ and SiO_x-m-Al₂O₃ supports. Catalyst evaluation was conducted at 220 ºC and 17.5 bar. The Ru/SiO_x-m-Al₂O₃ catalyst achieved higher and more stable CO conversions (≥87 %) and C₅₊ selectivities (≥92 %) when compared with the Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst (≥80 % and ≥88 %, respectively). Spent catalyst characterisation <em>via</em> XRD showed no changes in phases or crystallite sizes, thereby eliminating active metal oxidation or sintering as catalyst deactivation mechanisms. However, the translucent overlayers (observed in TEM micrographs) and the G- and <span>D</span>-bands (observed in Raman spectra) indicated the presence of carbon deposits in both catalysts, which may have led to the blocking of active sites and consequent loss of CO conversion over time. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that more carbon was deposited in the Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst (29 % weight loss measured) when compared with the Ru/SiO_x-m-Al₂O₃ catalyst (11 % weight loss measured), in agreement with the contrasting CO conversion losses observed. Therefore, modifying Al₂O₃ using SiO_x led to the inhibition of carbon deposition and, thus, greater catalytic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":243,"journal":{"name":"Applied Catalysis A: General","volume":"711 ","pages":"Article 120738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}