Surface modification of nanocatalysts via ion beam techniques for enhanced activity

Abstract

Interface science is at the forefront of advanced materials design, particularly in catalysis, where surface properties critically determine performance. Among emerging techniques, ion beam irradiation has shown strong potential for modifying the catalytic behavior of solid materials by introducing surface and sub-surface defects. In this study, the effect of nitrogen ion irradiation on the catalytic and redox properties of a ceria–zirconia-based oxidation catalyst (Ce₀.₆₈Zr₀.₃₂O₂), both in its unmodified form and when combined with supported Pt nanoparticles, was systematically investigated through a series of catalytic tests (TPO/TPR), operando FTIR, HRTEM, and XPS analyses. Ion bombardment was found to induce significant modifications to nanoparticle distribution, surface morphology, and defect structure—most notably the formation of oxygen vacancies and enhanced oxygen mobility. These changes resulted in improved catalytic performance for the oxidation of light alkanes and CO, with consistent reductions in T₅₀ values and a notable increase in aging resistance. The enhanced reducibility observed, particularly in Pt-containing systems, suggests a strong impact at the metal/support interface. Overall, this work highlights post-synthesis ion irradiation as an effective tool for activating and stabilizing redox catalysts, providing new opportunities for designing durable materials for environmental and energy applications.