Robotics eJournal最新文献

{"title":"AI and Robotics Implications for the Poor","authors":"Joachim von Braun","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3497591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3497591","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence and robotics (AI/R) have the potential to result in great change of livelihoods. While individual impacts of AI/R on, for instance, employment, have been subject to a lot of research, how AI/R may affect the poor is scarce. This paper aims to draw attention to how AI/R may impact the poor and marginalized and highlights research needs. A thought experiment compares the future situation of the poor in an AI/R scenario to a scenario without AI/R. A framework is established that depicts poverty and marginality conditions of health, education, public services, work, small businesses including farming as well as voice and empowerment of the poor. This conceptual framework identifies points of entry of AI/R, and is complemented by a more detailed discussion of the way in which changes through AI/R in these areas may relate positively or adversely to the livelihood of the poor. This paper concludes that empirical scenarios and modelling analyses are needed to better understand the different components in the emerging technological and institutional AI/R innovations and identify how they will shape the livelihoods of poor households and communities.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"509 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115891818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Unemployment and the Resurgence of Political Economy","authors":"Fabio D’Orlando","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3387402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3387402","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to discuss the possible impact of the “third wave” of technological unemployment on economic theorizing. Twenty-first century technological progress, heavily impacting on employment, is a process that just started but whose main new feature is already well known. This feature concerns robots (and artificial intelligence) and their entry into the production process. Robots do not simply increase labor productivity in cooperation with humans but can substitute for human labor, producing commodities without human input possible and hence, possibly, giving rise to long-term mass unemployment which will require some form of public policy intervention. This scenario exhibits important implications for economic theorizing, since mainstream theory, rooted in the general equilibrium approach, faces difficulties in dealing with a reality where social classes and the class struggle (a few robot owners vs. many unemployed humans) regain a role, labor productivity becomes irrelevant and uncorrelated with the (subsistence) wage/subsidy that must be paid to the unemployed, the labor market does not clear, redistributive policies replace the optimal allocation of scarce means, and so on. This scenario returns economic theorization to the years of classical Political Economy, when the main focus of theoretical investigation was on social classes, the class struggle and redistribution of the surplus. In particular, Sraffa’s 1960 model might represent a good foundation for further theoretical development.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Unmanned Cargo-Ships: The Effects of Automating Navigational Tasks on Crewing Levels","authors":"C. Kooij, R. Hekkenberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3438144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3438144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to analyse the required crew composition on board of a short sea cargo vessel. By using a purpose-built tool it is possible to assign all tasks on board to the most appropriate crew member. This tool is used to analyse the changes to crew composition when the navigational tasks on board of the ship are removed from the workload of the crew. The analysis shows that during the normal sailing and arrival and departure phase, this results in a decrease of the required crew size of respectively 3 and 1 crew members. This reduction can, however, only be realised if the procedures during the loading and unloading phase are changed too, since this is the normative phase of the voyage for the crew size.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121213783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable and Energy Efficient Task Offloading Schemes for Vehicular Cloud Computing","authors":"M. Pasha, Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan","doi":"10.5121/ijcnc.2018.10603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2018.10603","url":null,"abstract":"Smart vehicles of today on road are equipped with advanced computational units, multiple communication\u0000technologies, intelligent sensing platforms, and human-computer interaction devices which utilize Vehicular Edge Networks to support services offered by the remote cloud. This being named as Opportunistic Vehicular Edge Computing recently, has the possibility to supplement the services provided\u0000by the Edge gadgets. Many Vehicular Edge Computing architectures have been proposed as of late which support task offloading. One among the premier difficulties in these networks is efficiently utilizing the\u0000resources available at the vehicular nodes. The present work uses APEATOVC, a conveyed and versatile protocol for economical, efficient and effective task offloading in these networks which address the adaptability of vehicular clouds. The results obtained by extensive simulations are presented to assess and contrast its performance with existing protocols.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127564390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Ceramo-Polymeric Nanocomposite for Biomimetic Scaffolds Design and Preparation","authors":"R. Aversa, R. Petrescu, R. Sorrentino, F. Petrescu, A. Apicella","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2016.1096.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2016.1096.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Biomimetics, biomechanics and tissue engineering are three multidisciplinary fields that have been contemplated in this research to attain the objective of improving prosthetic implants reliability. Since testing and mathematical methods are closely interlaced, a promising approach seemed to be the combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments with computer simulations (in silico). An innovative biomimetics and biomechanics approach and new synthetic structure providing a microenvironment, which is mechanically coherent and nutrient conducive for tissue osteoblast cell cultures used in regenerative medicine, are presented. The novel hybrid ceramo-polymeric nanocomposites are mutually investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) biomimetic modelling, anatomic reconstruction, quantitative-computed-tomography characterization, computer design of tissue scaffold. The starting base materials are a class of innovative highly bioactive hybrid ceramo-polymeric materials set-up by the proponent research group that will be used as bioactive matrix for the preparation of in situ bio-mineralised tecto-structured porous nanocomposites. This study treats biomimetics, biomechanics and tissue engineering as strongly correlated multidisciplinary fields combined to design bone tissue scaffolds. The growth, maintenance and ossification of bone are fundamental and are regulated by the mechanical cues that are imposed by physical activities: This biomimetical/biomechanical approach will be pursued in designing the experimental procedures for in vitro scaffold mineralization and ossification. Bio-tissue mathematical modelling serves as a central repository to interface design, simulation and tissue fabrication. Finite element computer analyses will be used to study the role of local tissue mechanics on endochondral ossification patterns, skeletal morphology and mandible thickness distributions using single and multi-phase continuum material representations of clinical cases of patients implanted with the traditional protocols. New protocols will be hypothesises for the use of the new biologically tecto-structured hybrid materials.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129963652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving a Lightweight Stemmer for Gujarati Language","authors":"C. D. Patel, Jayesh M. Patel","doi":"10.5121/IJIST.2016.6214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJIST.2016.6214","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of route of text mining is the process of stemming. It is usually used in several types of applications such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), Information Retrieval (IR) and Text Mining (TM) including Text Categorization (TC), Text Summarization (TS). Establish a stemmer effective for the language of Gujarati has been always a search domain hot since the Gujarati has a very different structure and difficult that the other language due to the rich morphology.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Automatic Process for Calculation of Bone Defected Volume from Tomographic Images","authors":"M. Ezzahmouly, A. Elmoutaouakkil, M. Ed-Dhahraouy, S. Hakim, H. EL.Byad, E. Gourri, Z. Hatim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3903254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3903254","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the shape and the volume of a bone defect and the adjusted implementation of a bone substitute is one of the most challenging goals of modern biomaterial science. The major need for practitioners before implantation is to precisely define the architecture and the volume of the defected bone to be filled. Imaging techniques are typically used to access this information. Generally, the defected bone is confused with its environment and with the image background. The use of traditional segmentation for the selection and isolation of the cavity to be filled proves to be difficult. In this work, a defect in a dead bone is created and then imaged with microtomography technique. The aim is to segment the shape and volume of the defect from both the bone and the background image. To realize those tasks, an adaptive morphological operation algorithm was used. The proposed method lets to segment and precisely calculate the volume of the cavity to fill. The method is subjectively and quantitatively evaluated using different computed phantoms. The accuracy of the method has been also verified by comparing the calculated volume of the bone defect and the volume of prepared calcium phosphate cement past necessary for its filling. The proposed algorithm overcomes the traditional poor performance. The efficiency of the method is clearly demonstrated through the different reports and generated measurements. The automatic process can be used favorably in implantology to realize and guide the surgical act and also in computer-aided scaffolding techniques. Funding Information: None to declare. Declaration of Interests: None to declare.","PeriodicalId":243052,"journal":{"name":"Robotics eJournal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132085803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}