Superplasticity in Advanced Materials最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication and superplastic forming property research of TiB whisker reinforced titanium alloy matrix composite sheet","authors":"Mingjie Fu, Fuxin Wang, Zhen Li, Yingying Liu","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Applied at elevated temperature compared with in situ-whisker reinforced titanium matrix composite(TMC) higher than matrix titanium alloy with 50~150℃. The advantage of TMC compared with Ti-Al intermetallic compound is lower cost, better weldable property, simple fabrication process; lower density compared with super alloy. One of important demand of TMC sheet for high temperature application is used for higher speed craft with lighter part fabricated by SPF/DB technology. This paper illustrated TiBw/TA15+ TMC sheet fabrication and SPF/DB processing property, and analyzed effects of rolling processing on the microstructure and tensile properties. Wide sheet has been fabricated successfully. Forming mechanism of TMC is revealed, which is different from conventional titanium alloy, fined microstructure is unnecessary for TMC, four layers SPF/DB component also can be formed for TMC sheet.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122884762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural characteristics, mechanical and corrosion properties of a low-alloyed Mg alloy after different deformation processing","authors":"Zahra Abbasi, José María Cabrera, Ramin Ebrahimi, E. Schafler","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the evolution of characteristics in Mg alloys, the combined influence of grain refinement by severe plastic deformation (SPD) and alloying elements usually plays a crucial role. Rare earth elements (Y, Gd, and Nd) in combination with Zn have a substantial impact on Mg characteristics in various compositions. In this study, a new dilute extruded Mg-Zn-Gd-Y-Nd alloy was exposed to 5 passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), in a die with a 90° channel angle following route Bc. The initial deformation temperature was 300°C, and it dropped to 200°C with a 25°C step until the fifth pass. Initial and deformed samples were subjected to hardness testing, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations and corrosion tests. After the fifth run of ECAP at 200°C, necklaces of fine recrystallized grains along grain boundaries of elongated unrecrystallized grains in extruded samples transformed to an ultrafine grained microstructure. SEM images reveal the presence of very fine nanoscale dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nuclei in the context of the ECAPed alloy. Furthermore, measures of hardness show the increase in hardness from the starting state to the fifth pass of ECAP. The increase in hardness was caused by dynamic recrystallization, which resulted in a higher percentage of freshly produced grains and grain boundaries. Furthermore, the inclusion of rare earth elements increased grain refinement and controlled the rate of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during ECAP. On the other hand, severe plastic deformation cause changes in the density and distribution of grain boundaries and defects, which affect the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. Additionally, in comparison to the as cast condition the extruded-annealed, ECAPed and as-extruded samples have better corrosion resistance, respectively. It can be concluded that grain refinement has positive effect on decreasing the corrosion rate while homogenization of the extruded microstructure is more effective.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116999810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New developments in the processing of metallic alloys for achieving exceptional superplastic properties","authors":"Chuan Wang, Zheng Li, Jing Tao Wang, Terence G. Langdon","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The process of superplasticity has a long history dating back to the early experiments of Pearson conducted in the U.K. in 1934. Since that time, superplasticity has become of increasing importance because of the recognition that superplastic forming provides a simple procedure for the processing of complex and curved parts for use in a wide range of industrial applications. The fundamental requirement for superplastic flow is a small grain size typically smaller than ~10 µm. These fine grains were achieved traditionally through the use of appropriate thermo-mechanical processing which provided a procedure for developing microstructures having grain sizes of the order of a few micrometers. Over the last two decades the processing procedures have been further developed through the use of techniques based on the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) where it is possible to achieve ultrafine-grained materials with grains sizes in the submicrometer or even the nanometer range. Early SPD experiments were conducted using the processes of equal-channel angular pressing or high-pressure torsion but more recently a new and improved technique was developed which is known as tube high-pressure shearing (t-HPS). Experiments show that t-HPS provides a capability of producing exceptional superplastic elongations with, for example, an elongation of ~2320% in a Bi-Sn alloy when tested at a strain rate of 10-4 s-1 at room temperature. This report examines these recent developments with an emphasis on the potential for improving the superplastic capabilities of metallic alloys.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127270908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and microstructural analysis of Ti-6Al-4V material in a wide range of superplastic forming conditions","authors":"Alexander Sancho, P. Mandal, Craig Knowles, Diego Gonzalez","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In order to accurately define the superplastic forming (SPF) conditions of Ti-6Al-4V material, an understanding of the stress-strain behaviour, the initial microstructure, and their evolution during superplastic deformation are required. Ti-6Al-4V material with microstructure beneficial for SPF was superplastically tested according to the ASTM E2448 standard considering a wide range of forming conditions in terms of temperatures (750°C – 830°C) and strain-rates (seven strain-rates ranging from 5∙10^(-5) s^(-1) to 〖5∙10〗^(-2) s^(-1)) – some of the tests of the 3x7 matrix are considered “extreme” conditions from an SPF point of view. The material showed improved superplastic behaviour, which was evident from the stress levels and strain-rate sensitivity values as estimated from the flow curves obtained for the different conditions. In comparison with other commercial alloys or results from similar analyses published in the last decades, low stress values and high strain-rate sensitivity (m) values were obtained despite the low temperatures and high strain-rates used in this analysis. The tests were interrupted when 0.5 true strain (65% engineering strain) was achieved followed by quenching, as this was the maximum local strain achieved when forming the component of interest. Samples did not show any sign of premature necking or failure, with the exception of the two most “extreme” cases. Particularly for the lower strain-rates (below 10^(-4) s^(-1)), some level of material hardening associated with a minimum grain growth was observed in the flow curves. In contrast, a noticeable material softening was observed for the higher strain-rate conditions (above 5∙10^(-3) s^(-1)), associated with the microstructural changes occurring due to dynamic recrystallization. These higher strain-rates led to formation of submicron-sized grains, which could have helped in the superplastic response of the material under these strain-rate conditions. Intermediate strain-rates (5∙10^(-4) s^(-1) and 10^(-3) s^(-1)) showed a different type of response in terms of microstructural behaviour (and flow curve outline) depending on the testing temperature. A negligible amount of cavitation was observed in the samples tested under extreme conditions.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131200593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural and corrosion study of a “non-comercial” high manganese steel","authors":"Marcos Natan, Silva Lima, Mauro Andres, Cerra Florez, J. L. Cardoso, João Vitor da, Silva Pinto, Lucas Moura Farias de Medeiros, W. S. Araújo, Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. High-Mn steels have great plasticity when subjected to deformation due to TWIP or TRIP effects. This work evaluated the microstructural evolution, the formation of the -Martensite phase taking into account the hot rolling of 80-60% and the solution annealing. Afterwards, microstructures were analyzed by SEM. Volume fraction of the Austenite and -Martensite phases were measured by EBSD technique. The steel obtained low energy levels of stacking fault, favoring the effect TRIP. Corrosion resistance in 0.1M NaCl solution was analyzed by open potential circuit and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The analysis of the curves and the surface of the steel after the polarization tests showed that the steel with less strain had relatively nobler potential than the steel with more strain.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115923091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in strength and ductility of flame-retardant magnesium alloy through uniaxial hot pressing","authors":"Koichi Kitazono, Kotaro Wada","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Flame-retardant magnesium alloys containing calcium element are attracting attention from aircraft and automotive industries because of their low density and high ignition temperature. Though thermomechanical treatments such as hot extrusion are effective to increase their mechanical properties, they cause an increase in cost. Present study focusses on commercial Mg-6Al-0.4Mn-2Ca and Mg-9Al-1Zn-2Ca alloys. Simple uniaxial hot pressing process is performed in these magnesium alloy plates. Tensile tests at room temperature revealed that the hot pressed Mg-6Al-0.4Mn-2Ca and Mg-9Al-1Zn-2Ca alloys have high tensile strength and elongation. Microstructural observation clarified that the improved mechanical properties were mainly due to dynamic recrystallization during the hot pressing. The present uniaxial hot pressing process has a potential as a simple thermomechanical treatment process for flame-retardant magnesium alloys.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114430605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of friction stir forming parameters on mechanical properties and plastic flow of material in the mechanical interlocking of optical fiber and SP-700 superplastic titanium alloy","authors":"H. Tabatabaei, T. Ohashi, T. Nishihara","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study discusses the fluidity of titanium alloy during friction stir forming (FSF) and investigates the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of titanium alloy in the mechanical interlocking of optical fiber and SP-700 superplastic titanium alloy. In this study, a guide slit is provided in a titanium alloy plate, an optical fiber is placed inside the slit, and FSF is performed on the surface of the titanium alloy. By performing FSF, titanium softens and material plastically deforms inside the slit, which results in mechanically joining optical fiber and titanium alloy. Experimental results of evaluating the mechanical properties after FSF revealed that the hardness value of the material that flowed into the slit was significantly higher than that of the base material, which confirms that the stirring zone has flowed into the slit around the fiber. It was also confirmed that the temperature becomes unstable during the process for a travel speed of 50 mm/min or less, also above 800 mm/min. This resulted in insufficient material flow. As a result, inhomogeneous structures were confirmed. Tensile test results after FSF showed that the strength was lower than that of the base metal (67% to 55% of the base metal) for most process parameters. Although no significant changes in strength were observed by changing the travel speed, it was confirmed that the strength has an increasing tendency as the rotation speed increases, which is considered to be related to the grain refinement of the material. It was also concluded that the limitations in the present study such as insufficient material flow and reduced strength and also damage to the embedded optical fiber can be improved by pre-heating the workpiece and controlling the FSF process parameters which require further experiments and temperature measurements during FSF. In this study, the developed composite can give us hope for embedding FBG sensors inside high melting point alloys to simultaneously measure deformation, strain, pressure, and temperature and create new functional smart materials.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115934736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the complexities inherent in manufacturing near-unconstrained superplastic parts by experiments and simulation","authors":"Bryan Ferguson, E. Bol, D. G. Sanders, M. Ramulu","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Superplastic forming is a sheet metal forming process that has found widespread use in the aerospace industry. It produces parts that are free of residual stresses, dimensionally accurate, and with strains unobtainable using conventional forming methods. When combined with diffusion bonding, a phenomena where under similar processing conditions the material involved will produce a near flawless weld with itself, a variety of reinforcements and internal structures can be produced. In most superplastic parts the material is blow formed up to a die and the material takes on the dimensions of the die with small variations in thicknesses. In this work, however, we investigate a process unique to superplastic forming with diffusion bonding using four sheets. The two outer sheets are formed up to the die while the two inner sheets form a complex sandwich structure. These inner sheets are completely unsupported except at the edges of the part. Superplasticity is stress-history dependent and somewhat chaotic in nature. Therefore, the inner sheets have a large variance in geometry due to the fact that they have only limited constraints and are free to shift and translate as the forming operation progresses. Without rigid constraints on the inner sheets small variations in geometry can be magnified to create large changes in final geometry. The variances in forming are quantified using a variety of techniques to measure the major features of the process including cell wall measurements, gas pathway measurements, and computer vision-based geometry analysis. Two- and three-dimensional finite element simulations of the inner sheet forming process were used to compare the characterization results with idealized geometry. The results of the analysis provide insights into the complexities of manufacturing such internal structures.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127602870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies of hyperbolic sine constitutive models for constant pressure superplastic tests","authors":"L. García-Barrachina, Antonio J. Gámez","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The constant pressure free-inflation test is a very versatile and simple tool for analyzing different features of superplastic forming. In recent years, different methods have been proposed to measure constitutive parameters of the stress–strain relationship for the superplastic material, specifically the K and m parameters of the power law model. However, this law is restricted to be used in narrow strain-rate ranges, and poor results are obtained when applied in a broader spectrum. To overcome this problem, numerous constitutive models covering the full strain-rate range applicable in superplastic forming have been proposed historically, including the hyperbolic sine equation. However, there is no clear consensus on the type of hyperbolic sine function to use. Some authors include a sensitivity parameter while others do not. This article aims to study the characteristics of the hyperbolic sine constitutive model, checking which of the historically proposed models achieves better results in the test at free deformation and constant pressure.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132833907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence of kinematic asymmetry on the properties of laminated materials","authors":"Biryukova Olesya, M. PESINAlexander, O. PUSTOVOYTOVDenis","doi":"10.21741/9781644902615-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902615-33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Trend of simultaneous improvement of such mechanical metal properties as strength, hardness and ductility remains popular. Asymmetric accumulative roll bonding is a method of severe plastic deformation that can create large shear deformations. These deformations in its turn are responsible for increase of mechanical properties. Initially computer modeling was carried out to study the influence of kinematic asymmetry parameters on the stress-strain state of laminated aluminum composites. For the study, such combinations of aluminum alloys as 5083/1070, 5083/2024, 6061/1070, 6061/2024 were considered. As a result of a numerical study, the conditions for obtaining high values of shear deformation, which affects the increase in mechanical properties in laminated aluminum composites, are determined. Experimental confirmation of the simulation results was carried out on a unique asymmetric rolling mill 400 installed in NMSTU. As the final stage of work, the development of rational technological schemes and regimes of cold and warm asymmetric accumulative roll bonding of laminated aluminum composites was carried out. The study showed a simultaneous increase in the strength and technological plasticity of received products, which differ in the ratio of total equivalent deformations and shear angles during at least 2 cycles of asymmetric accumulative roll bonding. It is shown that with an increase in value of the speed rolls ratio at the same inter-roll gap, the relative reduction increases, and the rolling force decreases by a factor of 2 (compared with these parameters at equal speeds of the work rolls). It is supposed to use such composites in space and automotive industries.","PeriodicalId":242571,"journal":{"name":"Superplasticity in Advanced Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132375254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}