Zoo Biology最新文献_第9页

Feeding Management of African Rhinos (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis) in European Zoos. 欧洲动物园非洲犀牛（Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis）的喂养管理。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70031

Gila Sauspeter, Marcus Clauss, Sylvia Ortmann, Andrew J Abraham, Rebecca Biddle, Lars Versteege, Marcin Przybyło

{"title":"Feeding Management of African Rhinos (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis) in European Zoos.","authors":"Gila Sauspeter, Marcus Clauss, Sylvia Ortmann, Andrew J Abraham, Rebecca Biddle, Lars Versteege, Marcin Przybyło","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70031","url":null,"abstract":"White rhinos (WR, Ceratotherium simum) are grazers and black rhinos (BR, Diceros bicornis) are browsers; this difference has been related to BR being more challenging in terms of husbandry. Previous reports indicated that BR in zoos often receive diets with a higher proportion of easily digestible compounds compared to other rhino species. Additionally, BR are susceptible to iron overload disorder (IOD). We compared the feeding methods and recommendations, and sampled diets and feces of 117 WR and 82 BR across 41 European zoos. The few available data for free-ranging animals were also incorporated. The percentage of forage in the total estimated dry matter intake was 93% for WR and 77% for BR, matching fecal parameters indicating a higher diet digestibility in BR. BR received higher levels of (pelleted) compound feeds and produce than WR. Nevertheless, dietary fiber levels were similar to that reported for free-ranging specimens in both species. Zoo diets were higher in several minerals (Na, P, Cu, Zn) than natural diets. However, zoo BR received diets with similar iron content to that described in free-ranging BR diet items and fecal iron levels were not higher than those in the few samples of free-ranging BR available, suggesting that iron levels in zoo BR diets are not overly excessive. Consequently, IOD appears to be more complex, associated with iron bioavailability and possibly non-dietary causes. Grass hay was used in 100% of WR and 36% of BR (all BR facilities used lucerne hay). BR feces had levels of abrasive silica comparable to those of free-ranging WR and much higher than free-ranging BR, matching reports of excessive tooth wear in adult BR. Browse provision for BR could not be quantified but appeared low in general; no alternative forages (like sainfoin) were fed. Efforts to consistently provide high amounts of browse to BR must be increased and forage should be low in iron and abrasive silica.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Welfare and Educational Impacts of Encounter Experiences and Displays on Zoo-Housed Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens). 动物园饲养的小熊猫（Ailurus fulgens）遭遇体验和展示对福利和教育的影响。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70041

Sarah L Spooner, Rebecca N Lewis, Ewan Davies, Katherine Whitehouse-Tedd, Leah J Williams, Kanako Tomisawa, Mark J Farnworth

{"title":"The Welfare and Educational Impacts of Encounter Experiences and Displays on Zoo-Housed Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens).","authors":"Sarah L Spooner, Rebecca N Lewis, Ewan Davies, Katherine Whitehouse-Tedd, Leah J Williams, Kanako Tomisawa, Mark J Farnworth","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Close animal encounters potentially increase visitor connection to species and present an educational and fundraising opportunity. However, evidence of the impacts on animal welfare or visitor education is limited. Red panda (Ailurus Fulgens spp.) encounters are gaining popularity despite a lack of research on their effects. As red panda are a characteristically cautious species and prone to disturbance, concern has been raised as to their suitability for encounters. We examined the extent and composition of red panda encounters amongst 150 Global Species Management Plan (GSMP) member zoos (survey responses), and their impact on longevity and reproduction (species 360 analysis). Over a third (39%) of zoos surveyed offered red panda encounters, with most (71%) being animal feeding experiences. Educational information was provided in almost all cases (95%) and focused on the encounter individuals and species' natural history. Of the 31 encounter red panda who were also part of a breeding program, 24 reproduced. Comparative data analysis suggested that encounter red panda produced more offspring and had higher longevity (survival) than non-encounter individuals, although this may reflect changes in red panda husbandry over time. A. f. styani were less likely to breed and produced fewer offspring than A. f. fulgens. Whilst there appears to be no major negative impacts of red panda encounters, continued monitoring and ensuring high animal-welfare standards remains vital.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"163-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Snakes Give a Hiss? Examining the Impact of Zoo Visitors on Captive Snakes. 蛇会发出嘶嘶声吗？研究动物园游客对圈养蛇的影响。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70033

Sara L Hanson, Bridget Cooper-Rogers, Paige Klingner, Pij Olijnyk, Eduardo J Fernandez

{"title":"Do Snakes Give a Hiss? Examining the Impact of Zoo Visitors on Captive Snakes.","authors":"Sara L Hanson, Bridget Cooper-Rogers, Paige Klingner, Pij Olijnyk, Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70033","url":null,"abstract":"Zoos are interested in assessing the well-being of the animals in their care, including potential impacts from environmental and anthropogenic factors which could alter welfare. Zoos also provide a unique environment whereby visitors can get within proximity to wild animals, which can have positive, neutral, or negative impact for the exhibited animal's welfare. Within zoo settings, there has been little research published on these welfare impacts for reptiles, specifically snakes. Additionally, there is limited knowledge on their behavior in relation to captive welfare. Three snakes were selected, and conditions were implemented outside of their habitats to alter visitor proximity. The three conditions experimentally altered the proximity of people near the snake habitats and included Visitor-Natural (regular visitor proximity), Visitor-Control (no visitors within a 210 cm radius), and Visitor-Experimenter (an experimenter within close proximity throughout the observation time). An ethogram was developed and measured across a within-subject reversal design for all three conditions. Results indicated that overall, there was a neutral to positive impact of the Visitor-Natural condition. However, the highest negative impacts were observed during the Visitor-Experimenter condition, including increased abnormal behaviors. This study suggests that snakes will habituate to people but may be affected by short-term, unpredictable behavior from visitors. The results are discussed in terms of visitor impacts on exhibited snakes, as well as implications for assessing overall snake welfare.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Human Presence, Restraint, and Stressed Neighbors on Corticosterone Levels in Domesticated Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). 人类存在、约束和应激邻居对家养虎皮鹦鹉皮质酮水平的影响。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70028

Dustin G Reichard, Kelly V Summers

{"title":"The Effects of Human Presence, Restraint, and Stressed Neighbors on Corticosterone Levels in Domesticated Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).","authors":"Dustin G Reichard, Kelly V Summers","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70028","url":null,"abstract":"Limiting stress during interactions between captive animals and humans is important for effective husbandry. One physiological change during the vertebrate stress response is the release of glucocorticoid hormones. Here, we measured plasma corticosterone in female domesticated budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) to test whether human presence, restraint, or removal and return of a newly stressed neighbor increases corticosterone. The presence of humans for 15 min at the beginning of the experiment did not significantly elevate corticosterone above baseline levels, suggesting that birds that acclimate to humans are minimally affected by their presence. However, at the end of the experiment after multiple blood sampling events, the same human presence test significantly elevated corticosterone above baseline and human presence levels measured at the beginning of the experiment. Thus, repeated blood sampling could cause progressively stronger stress responses to human presence. Restraint-induced corticosterone levels were significantly higher than all other treatments, indicating that human handling activates the stress response. After stressed birds were returned home, corticosterone levels of their neighbors were significantly higher than baseline at 25- and 45-min post-return. However, the 25- and 45-min corticosterone levels were not significantly different from each other, or levels induced by human presence at the beginning or end of the experiment. This outcome suggests that social transmission of stress was limited across the sampled time frame. These data highlight the importance of evaluating the costs and benefits of different human-animal interactions in captivity, including in domesticated species that are more tolerant of forced proximity to humans.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomy in Action: Empowering Animal-Led Choices. 行动中的自主性：赋予动物自主选择的权力。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70035

Kelli Rust, Wayne F Phillips, Eduardo J Fernandez

{"title":"Autonomy in Action: Empowering Animal-Led Choices.","authors":"Kelli Rust, Wayne F Phillips, Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70035","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of choice is increasingly recognized as a critical component of animal welfare, particularly within zoological settings. Despite its significance, the academic literature on empirically examined methods to allow zoo animals to actively communicate choice is limited. This paper presents a novel \"You Choose\" procedure that allowed multiple pinniped species-including New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), and an Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)-along with Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to communicate choice between concurrently-presented options through the autonomous selection of one outcome. We describe two different scenarios in which this choice procedure was implemented: (1) To select among potential rewards during a training session; or (2) to allow the animal to pick between potential enrichment items. In both cases, training the animal to utilize the \"You Choose\" procedure is detailed, with the purpose of providing the animal the ability to make such choices. Training zoo animals to communicate choices to keepers from an array of concurrently available stimuli should support the animals' welfare needs, as well as introduce a framework for implementing choice-driven training and enrichment practices that can be adapted for other zoo-housed species. We propose a future methodological approach utilizing the \"You Choose\" procedure which allows for measurable choice manipulations, thereby suggesting future research opportunities to assess the quantitative impact of choice on welfare.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145378891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body Mass Records of Zoo-Managed Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis, Rhinoceros unicornis) as Compared to Field Data of Free-Ranging Specimens. 动物园管理犀牛（长角角犀牛、双角角犀牛、独角角犀牛）与自由放养犀牛的体重记录比较。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70034

Elisa Garand, Christiane Krauss, Anna Hauffe, Max Hahn-Klimroth, Dennis W H Müller, Paul W Dierkes, Marcus Clauss, João Pedro Meireles

{"title":"Body Mass Records of Zoo-Managed Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis, Rhinoceros unicornis) as Compared to Field Data of Free-Ranging Specimens.","authors":"Elisa Garand, Christiane Krauss, Anna Hauffe, Max Hahn-Klimroth, Dennis W H Müller, Paul W Dierkes, Marcus Clauss, João Pedro Meireles","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70034","url":null,"abstract":"The body mass of zoo animals may differ from those in wild populations due to the different environmental and dietary conditions being offered under human-managed care. These differences in body mass may impact health at both individual and population levels. In the case of rhinoceroses, this is relevant because of the distinct feeding requirements of each species and their susceptibility to obesity when inappropriate diets are offered. Here we attempt a comparison between the adult body mass records of the global zoo populations of rhinoceroses (white Ceratotherium simum, black Diceros bicornis, and greater one-horned Rhinoceros unicornis) and the available body mass records of free-ranging specimens in the literature. Body mass data from free-ranging specimens is surprisingly scarce for white and greater one-horned rhinos. Most adult zoo rhinoceroses are within the body mass range described for wild populations except female white rhinoceroses, which are, on average, heavier than free-ranging females. Also, contrary to what has been described for natural habitats, zoo rhinoceroses do not show evidence for seasonal fluctuations in body mass, most likely due to the consistent nutrient supply in zoos. While obesity might be present across female white rhinos, and exacerbate other underlying health issues at the individual level in other taxa, this particular data set does not provide evidence that obesity is a population-level phenomenon in black or greater one-horned rhinos. Our findings should not weaken the efforts towards improving zoo rhinoceros nutrition and body condition monitoring.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting Syllable Production in an Ex Situ Population of a Critically Endangered Songbird. 一种极度濒危的鸣禽迁地种群中音节产生的变化。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70027

Oliver Jepson, R T Gilman, Leah J Williams, Rebecca N Lewis

{"title":"Shifting Syllable Production in an Ex Situ Population of a Critically Endangered Songbird.","authors":"Oliver Jepson, R T Gilman, Leah J Williams, Rebecca N Lewis","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70027","url":null,"abstract":"Singing is an ecologically important behaviour for songbirds. Syllables function as the building blocks of birdsong, so changes to their production will have implications for overall song structure. It is well established that anthropogenic disturbance can influence syllable production in wild songbird populations, but the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on syllable production in ex situ populations has not been studied. We set out to fill this gap by comparing the syllable production of Chester Zoo's Bali myna (Leucopsar rothschildi) population during a period of zoo closure in 2020 (due to the COVID-19 lockdown) to a period of normal zoo opening in 2019. The number of syllables per song, the rate at which syllables were produced and the diversity of syllables all showed evidence of plasticity across days and years. However, only the number of syllables per song responded significantly to anthropogenic disturbance. Changes in syllable number due to anthropogenic disturbance could mitigate potential signal masking from unpredictable noise, although communication efficacy may still be affected. As a result, changes in vocal communication could impact conservation breeding programmes by altering the way that individuals interact with conspecifics.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Growing Pain of Animal Welfare Weaponization: Get the Ghost Out of the Machine. 动物福利武器化带来的日益增长的痛苦：把幽灵赶出机器。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70044

David M Powell, Jason V Watters

{"title":"The Growing Pain of Animal Welfare Weaponization: Get the Ghost Out of the Machine.","authors":"David M Powell, Jason V Watters","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70044","url":null,"abstract":"Managing for positive animal welfare is recognized as a fundamental zoo and aquarium practice. Indeed, many zoo and aquarium associations now have expectations that their members demonstrate achievement of some level of positive welfare for their charges. These organizations encourage the consideration of animal welfare outcomes in all forms of decision making, from those directly influencing individual animals - such as relocations and breeding recommendations, to those that may or may not have downstream effects on animal welfare - such as evening events or business hours. Perhaps driving these expectations, animal welfare science has begun to develop a deeper understanding and emphasis on the role of emotion in animals' lives. Welfare is now widely considered to be synonymous with emotional state. We have noticed though, that there are occasions when presumed animal welfare concerns may reflect caretakers' own emotionally driven perceptions of how certain decisions may impact animals' welfare. These \"gut felt\" impressions are generally not supported with data, often do not reflect best practice, and appear to be based on assumptions that reflect personal feelings. They also seem based on the supposition that current welfare is good welfare and tend to imply that changes in welfare are to be avoided, though they do not recognize that welfare can, at times, be different but equal or less but still positive. In short, the looming ghosts of animal welfare, past, present, and future appear to drive decision-making about animal welfare even when tangible, reliable data suggest alternative courses of action.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Care and Cub Development in the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus). 北极熊（Ursus maritimus）的母性照顾和幼崽发育。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70037

Danielle K James, Jennifer R Tobey, Lisa K Lauderdale, Lance J Miller, Megan A Owen

{"title":"Maternal Care and Cub Development in the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus).","authors":"Danielle K James, Jennifer R Tobey, Lisa K Lauderdale, Lance J Miller, Megan A Owen","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) neonates are highly altricial, and in-den maternal care is required for cub survival and as follows, population health. Study of maternal denning polar bears in managed care can provide valuable insights on mother-cub dynamics. We reviewed video recordings of polar bears in maternal dens from three participating zoos to monitor maternal behavior and cub development. The study subjects included three polar bear mothers with a single cub. During a total of 366 observations, we collected behavioral data on both mother and cub during 30-min observation sessions spaced every 4 h for the first 30 days post-partum. We recorded mother-cub contact and individual behaviors for both the mother and cub. During the first ten days postpartum, cubs spent 60% of the time on their mother, usually in a cradled position, and this behavior decreased to 44% thereafter. Mothers and cubs spent most of the time resting, with mothers occasionally licking and attending to their cubs. Cubs spent approximately 12% of the time nursing. More replicates from ex situ populations will refine our understanding of how the denning environment, maternal care behavior and cub development are correlated with cub survival.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Extra-Pair Paternity in Captive Gentoo Penguins Using Genetic Analysis. 利用遗传分析检测圈养巴布亚企鹅的额外父权。

IF 1.4 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70032

Sora Shimura, Yosuke Zaitsu, Ryo Tadano

引用次数: 0