Zoo Biology最新文献_第9页

Variable digestibility of captive northern greater galagos (Otolemur garnettii) fed experimental "frugivorous" and "invertebrate" diets. 圈养北方大加拉戈斯（Otolemur garnettii）饲喂实验性“食草”和“无脊椎动物”日粮的可变消化率。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21773

James E Loudon, B Katherine Smith, Sydnie Bianchi, Michaela E Howells, Mead A Krowka, Andres M Gomez, Samuel Davison, Oliver C C Paine, Matt Sponheimer

{"title":"Variable digestibility of captive northern greater galagos (Otolemur garnettii) fed experimental \"frugivorous\" and \"invertebrate\" diets.","authors":"James E Loudon, B Katherine Smith, Sydnie Bianchi, Michaela E Howells, Mead A Krowka, Andres M Gomez, Samuel Davison, Oliver C C Paine, Matt Sponheimer","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21773","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21773","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have addressed the nutritional ecology of galagos. Observations of galagos in the wild reveal that they rely on fruits and invertebrates to varying degrees depending on their availability. We conducted a 6-week comparative dietary analysis of a colony of captive-housed northern greater galagos (Otolemur garnettii), which included five females and six males with known life histories. We compared two experimental diets. The first was fruit dominated and the second was invertebrate dominated. For each diet, we examined dietary intake and apparent dry matter digestibility over the course of 6 weeks. We found significant differences between the apparent digestibility of the diets, with the \"invertebrate\" diet being more digestible than the \"frugivorous\" diet. The lower apparent digestibility of the \"frugivorous\" diet was driven by the higher fiber contents of the fruits provided to the colony. However, variation in apparent digestibility of both diets was found among individual galagos. The experimental design used in this study may provide useful dietary data for the management of captive colonies of galagos and other strepsirrhine primates. This study may also be helpful for understanding the nutritional challenges faced by free-ranging galagos through time and across geographic space.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9558354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residual tissue magnesium concentration in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita and Cassiopea andromeda) following magnesium chloride euthanasia. 氯化镁安乐死后水母（Aurelia aurita和Cassiopea andromeda）体内残留组织镁浓度。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21770

Zachary Millar, Dimo Kecheliev, Sophie Wolvin, Véronique LePage, John S Lumsden

{"title":"Residual tissue magnesium concentration in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita and Cassiopea andromeda) following magnesium chloride euthanasia.","authors":"Zachary Millar, Dimo Kecheliev, Sophie Wolvin, Véronique LePage, John S Lumsden","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21770","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21770","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium chloride in high concentration is used for euthanasia of jellyfish to limit overpopulation and for predatory species consumption, but its use could lead to magnesium bioaccumulation and subsequent negative effects in consumers. Two species of scyphozoan jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda and Aurelia aurita) were subjected to freezing (control), or magnesium chloride baths (144 g/L), with subsequent 30 min baths (one or two) in fresh artificial saltwater and submitted for inductively coupled plasma analysis to determine tissue concentration. Frozen jellyfish consistently yielded the lowest magnesium concentrations, while magnesium chloride euthanized individuals contained the highest concentrations in both species. C. andromeda displayed a significantly higher (p < .05) magnesium absorption capacity than A. aurita in both trials. Single and double baths significantly decreased magnesium concentrations (p < .05) in both species, however, magnesium remained consistently elevated compared to frozen specimens. This study demonstrated species-specific magnesium accumulation in jellyfish posteuthanasia and that rinsing was an effective method to limit excessive magnesium that could be deleterious to animals in public display aquaria. Magnesium concentrations of tissue and receiving water should be tested if magnesium chloride euthanasia is utilized for dietary supplementation in small bodies of water.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9351247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breeding season behaviors of captive tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) pairs. 圈养林蛙对繁殖季节的行为。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21769

Han Hoekzema, Eli Baskir, Corinne Kozlowski, Marija Elden, David M Powell

引用次数: 0

Factors affecting captive female giraffe stress response: Male presence, small enclosure, and low temperature. 影响圈养雌性长颈鹿应激反应的因素：雄性存在、小围栏和低温。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21774

Miho Saito, Masayuki Matsunaga, Hiroki Fukuizumi, Masayuki Nakamichi, Kodzue Kinoshita

{"title":"Factors affecting captive female giraffe stress response: Male presence, small enclosure, and low temperature.","authors":"Miho Saito, Masayuki Matsunaga, Hiroki Fukuizumi, Masayuki Nakamichi, Kodzue Kinoshita","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21774","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21774","url":null,"abstract":"To improve animal welfare based on suitable social housing conditions, it is important to understand the factors that trigger high-stress responses. Wild giraffes live in a fission-fusion society and males and females are rarely in the same herd for a long period. The captive condition of belonging to a herd with the same individuals for months or years is uncommon in nature. To understand the effect of male presence on female stress levels, fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels and social interactions in two captive female giraffes were investigated. Additionally, the effect of enclosure size and temperature on fGCM level and social interactions were examined. The results showed no significant difference in the fGCM levels of females based on male presence. The frequency of agonistic behavior by the dominant female toward the subordinate female was significantly increased when a male was present. The subordinate female was significantly less likely to approach the dominant female and showed decreased affiliative and agonistic interactions toward the dominant female when a male was present. The frequencies of agonistic interactions between females were higher in the small enclosure regardless of male presence. Low temperature triggered higher fGCM levels and increased agonistic interaction in an aged female. The findings of this study suggest that these multiple factors should be considered individually to promote the welfare of captive giraffes.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How was genetic diversity transferred with translocations from ex situ to in situ? A case study of the European mink translocation to Hiiumaa Island in Estonia. 遗传多样性是如何通过迁移从原位转移到原位的？欧洲水貂迁移到爱沙尼亚海乌马岛的案例研究。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21763

Grete Nummert, Kristel Nemvalts, Tiit Maran

{"title":"How was genetic diversity transferred with translocations from ex situ to in situ? A case study of the European mink translocation to Hiiumaa Island in Estonia.","authors":"Grete Nummert, Kristel Nemvalts, Tiit Maran","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21763","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21763","url":null,"abstract":"The European mink (Mustela lutreola) is one of the most threatened small carnivores, listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Tallinn Zoo started a conservation breeding operation in 1980, which in 1992 was shaped into the European mink EEP Program to maintain a demographically and genetically healthy population in captivity. Since 2000, mink have been translocated on a yearly basis from the breeding facility in the zoo to Hiiumaa Island (Estonia) until the formation of the wild island population in 2016. Maintaining a healthy genetic structure in a captive population was a priority, so genetically the least valuable animals, according to calculations made by a population management program, were used for translocation. This study aims to assess the amount of genetic diversity passed from an ex situ population on to the island population. Comparisons of the genetic diversity were made by mitochondrial, microsatellite and nuclear markers. In addition, our results were combined with the pedigree data from the European mink EEP Studbook to further evaluate the flow of genetic diversity from the founder population to the established wild population. According to the findings, the island population's allelic richness was comparable to that of the founder population, and no evidence was found that its genetic structure had diverged from that of the founder population. It seems that the formation of the island population has been a gradual process of no more than the last seven yearly translocations.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of honey locust seed pods on the behavior and nutrient intake of zoo-housed François langurs and prehensile-tailed porcupines. 蜜荚对动物园饲养的弗朗索瓦叶猴和卷尾豪猪行为和营养摄入的影响。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21760

Noah T Dunham, Kaylin S Tennant, Andrew H Loudon, Patricia M Dennis

{"title":"Effects of honey locust seed pods on the behavior and nutrient intake of zoo-housed François langurs and prehensile-tailed porcupines.","authors":"Noah T Dunham, Kaylin S Tennant, Andrew H Loudon, Patricia M Dennis","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21760","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21760","url":null,"abstract":"Seed pods represent an under-utilized and valuable dietary resource for zoos because they encourage naturalistic extractive foraging behavior and because seeds pods, like leafy browses, are more fiber-rich than most dietary items typically offered in zoos. The primary goal of this study was to examine the effects of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) seed pods on the behavior and macronutrient intake of zoo-housed François' langurs (Trachypithecus francoisi; n = 3) and prehensile-tailed porcupines (Coendou prehensilis; n = 2) using a pre- versus postdiet implementation design. From December 2019 to April 2020, we recorded behavior using instantaneous interval sampling and daily macronutrient intake via dietary intake records. We found that time spent feeding increased (p < .001) and stereotypic behaviors decreased (p < .001) for the François' langur group during the seed pod phase. The prehensile-tailed porcupines also exhibited increased time spent feeding and decreased inactivity (p < .001 for all comparisons) during the experimental seed pod phase. We found no differences in macronutrient intake for the François' langur group. The female prehensile-tailed porcupine consumed more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the seed pod phase (p = .003) and the male consumed more crude protein, NDF, nonstructural carbohydrates, and crude fat (p < .001 for all comparisons). We stress that honey locust seed pods are a fiber-rich (i.e., ~40%-55% NDF by dry weight) dietary option for zoo-housed folivores and promote positive welfare by encouraging naturalistic foraging behavior and may help increase foraging time and decrease stereotypic behaviors.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10355430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Diagnosing gastric ulcers in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) using gastroscopy and cytology. 使用胃镜和细胞学诊断宽吻海豚（Tursiops sp.）的胃溃疡。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21767

Corrine A Buhrmann, Tess Gridley, Lawrence K Oellermann

{"title":"Diagnosing gastric ulcers in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) using gastroscopy and cytology.","authors":"Corrine A Buhrmann, Tess Gridley, Lawrence K Oellermann","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21767","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21767","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric ulcers have been reported in a range of cetacean species. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.), the most common cetacean species held in captivity, are known to experience gastric ulcers in both wild and captive environments. Documented causes of gastric ulceration include bacterial infection by Helicobacter sp., parasitic infections, high dietary histamine and foreign body ingestion. Gastric ulceration without any obvious cause might be related to stress. Currently, the most accurate way to determine the presence of gastric ulcers in captive dolphins is through direct examination of the stomach mucosa using endoscopy (gastroscopy); a procedure that requires substantial animal training and specialised medical equipment. In this study, we investigate whether cytology of the gastric fluid, collected through the less intensive method of intubation, can be used as an alternative to gastroscopy to predict the presence and severity of gastric ulcers in eight captive bottlenose dolphins at uShaka Sea World, South Africa. An ulcer grading scale was developed to quantify the severity of the dolphins' gastric ulcers observed using gastroscopy. Gastric ulcer severity was then compared with the cytological data collected from gastric fluid samples taken during the gastroscopic examinations. The cytological findings were consistent with other studies, but ulcer severity was not found to be linked to the cytological parameters measured. From these results we suggest that routine cytology of the gastric fluid is not a viable alternative to gastroscopy for diagnosing gastric ulcers in bottlenose dolphins.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10336947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visitors and observers otter-ly influence the behavior and enclosure use of zoo-housed giant otters. 游客和观察者水獭会影响动物园饲养的巨型水獭的行为和围栏使用。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21755

James E Brereton, Edward M L Jones, Connor McMillan, Kerry Perkins

{"title":"Visitors and observers otter-ly influence the behavior and enclosure use of zoo-housed giant otters.","authors":"James E Brereton, Edward M L Jones, Connor McMillan, Kerry Perkins","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21755","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21755","url":null,"abstract":"The potential impact of human presence on captive animal behavior has recently been the focus of considerable research interest, especially following 2020 and 2021 periods of enforced closure as a result of COVID-19 opening restrictions. It is important to investigate whether human presence represents an enriching or stressful stimulus to a range of zoo-housed species. In 2020, during an easing of lockdown restrictions, investigations of the \"visitor effect\" and \"observer effect\" were carried out, using the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) as a model species. To investigate the impact of both visitor and observer presence, otter behavior and space use was recorded for a pair of on-show and a pair of off-show otters. Observations were conducted using either a human observer, or cameras, allowing the researchers to investigate otter behavior when no one was present at the exhibits. The Electivity Index was used to assess the otters' use of four enclosure zones. Overall, otter behavior was significantly impacted by observer presence, though the impact of an observer differed between individual otters. Visitors had a minimal effect on otter enclosure use, whereas observers had a greater impact, whereby otters used their pools less frequently and houses more frequently when observers were present. However, this change in zone use differed between individuals, with more dominant otters tending to make use of indoor zones more often when observers were present. Zoos should consider the potential impact of human presence on their animals and use both behavior and space use when conducting their investigations.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral development of a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cub in the maternal den. 圈养北极熊幼崽在母窝中的行为发育。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21757

Kylen N Gartland, Mary K Humbyrd, Betsie Meister, Grace Fuller

{"title":"Behavioral development of a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cub in the maternal den.","authors":"Kylen N Gartland, Mary K Humbyrd, Betsie Meister, Grace Fuller","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21757","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21757","url":null,"abstract":"Two female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cubs were born to mother Suka at the Detroit Zoo on November 17, 2020. One cub (Laerke) was hand-reared out of medical necessity, while the other cub (Astra) was mother-reared. Using audio-equipped video cameras previously installed in the maternal den, staff were able to conduct uninterrupted continuous monitoring on Suka and Astra for an unprecedented 12 weeks. Data collected during this time were analyzed descriptively. Astra spent a maximum of approximately 20% of any given 24 h period in nursing behaviors. Distribution of time spent nursing was relatively even across the 24 h day. In contrast to the limited data currently available, Astra spent only approximately 11% of the over 2000 h of behavioral data engaged in nursing behaviors. Astra left the nest for the first time in her fourth week of life, and time spent out of the nest gradually increased with age. Suka was observed guiding Astra back to the nest the first few times Astra ventured out. However, maintenance of maternal proximity did not appear to be a motivating factor in patterns of space use. The data presented here represent the longest uninterrupted continuous monitoring of a polar bear cub in the maternal den currently published. Publication of similar data from other institutions would establish more generalizable trends for early infancy development. These data are critical for understanding cub welfare and improving population sustainability and neonate mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Don't use it? Don't lose it! Why active use is not required for stimuli, resources or "enrichments" to have welfare value. 不要用它？别丢了！为什么刺激、资源或“财富”不需要积极使用才能具有福利价值。

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21756

Samuel Decker, J Michelle Lavery, Georgia J Mason

{"title":"Don't use it? Don't lose it! Why active use is not required for stimuli, resources or \"enrichments\" to have welfare value.","authors":"Samuel Decker, J Michelle Lavery, Georgia J Mason","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21756","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.21756","url":null,"abstract":"Current frameworks for designing and evaluating good enclosures and \"enrichments\" typically focus on animals' active interactions with these features. This has undoubtedly improved the welfare of zoo-housed animals over the last 30 years or more. However, literature reviews from this same period identify persistent gaps in how such frameworks are applied: experiences and behaviors that do not rely on active interaction with stimuli or resources are largely ignored, when evaluating the welfare value of enclosures and enrichments within them. Here, we review research evidence demonstrating that active interaction is not always a reliable measure of welfare value, showing that items that elicit little or no interaction can nevertheless still reduce stress and improve well-being. This evidence largely comes from research on humans, lab animals and farm animals, but also from some zoo studies too. We then investigate why. We review psychology and ethology literatures to show that such welfare benefits can arise from five, non-mutually exclusive, processes or mechanisms that are well-understood in humans and domestic animals: (1) some motivations are sated quickly by interaction with resources, yet still have large welfare benefits; (2) active interaction may just be a way to achieve a goal or solve a problem, without being beneficial for welfare in itself; (3) having opportunities for choice and control may be inherently beneficial, even when not acted on; (4) some enclosure features meet social needs for structure, landmarks, and blocked sightlines; and (5) some stimuli may be preferred because they signaled good environments to an animal's ancestors. We use this information to identify improved ways of enhancing and assessing zoo animal welfare. Incorporating these concepts should expand the scope of behaviors and subjective experiences that are targeted, to now include those that involve little active interaction and yet still are important for good welfare.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9974449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5