IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21906

Laurel Berylline Fink Westcott, Becca VanBeek, Candace Scarlata, Karen Lewis, Nadja Wielebnowski

{"title":"Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis sp.) During After-Hour Events at the Oregon Zoo.","authors":"Laurel Berylline Fink Westcott, Becca VanBeek, Candace Scarlata, Karen Lewis, Nadja Wielebnowski","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21906","url":null,"abstract":"After-hours events are a popular way for modern zoos and aquariums to engage the local community, increase attendance, and generate additional income. Using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGM), behavioral, and sound level monitoring, we analyzed whether cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis sp.) showed any significant changes in response to three types of event \"treatments\" at the Oregon Zoo: (1) \"concerts\" with significantly elevated sound levels; (2) \"other\" evening events which constituted popular events with minimal sound disruptions, and (3) \"control\" when no evening events took place. We found significantly higher sound pressure levels in both habitats during \"concert\" event types with no significant differences between the remaining event types. Both cheetahs and giraffes exhibited subtle behavior changes during each event type, such as increased instances of \"not visible\" for cheetahs and a slight increase in the rate of \"social interaction\" for giraffes. However, no significant changes in fGM concentrations were measured for any individual animal across all the different event types. Yet there were some significant differences in fGM concentrations between the 2 years of data collection as well as some differences in fGM variability driven primarily by individual differences within each species. Results from this study, therefore, emphasize the highly individualistic nature of behavior and physiological responses to events of any type and illustrate how important it is to measure responses of each individual, when feasible, rather than focusing on an overall species typical response.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anurans or Mice: What is the Best Food Item for Young and Adults of Bothrops jararacussu (Lacerda, 1884) in Captivity? 无尾猿还是老鼠：圈养的jararacussu （Lacerda, 1884）幼鼠和成虫的最佳食物是什么？

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21904

Taís Vasques Torrents, Fernanda Dias-Silva, Luisa Diele-Viegas, Ana Maria Paulino Telles de Carvalho-E-Silva

{"title":"Anurans or Mice: What is the Best Food Item for Young and Adults of Bothrops jararacussu (Lacerda, 1884) in Captivity?","authors":"Taís Vasques Torrents, Fernanda Dias-Silva, Luisa Diele-Viegas, Ana Maria Paulino Telles de Carvalho-E-Silva","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21904","url":null,"abstract":"Good feed management in captivity is essential to animal survival and well-being. For snakes, most studies focus on the frequency of prey consumption and the types of prey that constitute their diets in the wild. Conversely, there is a notable scarcity of studies regarding their dietary habits in captivity. The prevailing trend involves feeding nearly all snake species exclusively with mice, barring the exceptions found in ophiophagic species. Considering that Bothrops species consume different diets in young and adults in the wild, we use B. jararacussu as a model to introduce other prey items in captivity. We use a generalized linear model (GLM) to understand if native and exotic anurans can be alternative items in the captivity diet of young and adult individuals. Our GLM showed that snakes had less weight gain and consequently less growth than those provided with other diet groups. However, our experiments indicated that native anurans could be an interesting food alternative to B. jararacussu and other Bothrops species with an ontogenetic diet in captivity.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proposal and Validation of a Body Condition Score System for the Evaluation of Energy Reserves in the Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Ginsburg, 1933). 长鼻海马海马能量储备评价的身体状态评分系统的提出与验证[j] （Ginsburg, 1933）。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21905

Bruna Larissa Maganhe, Rodrigo Eiji Kurokawa, Laura de Oliveira Camilo, Hugo Gallo Neto, Eduardo Gomes Sanches

{"title":"Proposal and Validation of a Body Condition Score System for the Evaluation of Energy Reserves in the Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Ginsburg, 1933).","authors":"Bruna Larissa Maganhe, Rodrigo Eiji Kurokawa, Laura de Oliveira Camilo, Hugo Gallo Neto, Eduardo Gomes Sanches","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21905","url":null,"abstract":"Given the morphological conformation of seahorses, there are several difficulties associated with the evaluation of body reserves and physical condition. This study proposes the development and validation of a body condition scoring system (BCS) applicable to Hippocampus reidi. This study comprises two phases: first, the development of the BCS methodology, followed by its application to a group subjected to an experimental diet, which serves to validate our findings. Weight gain and biometric parameters of 31 seahorses were weekly monitored for a period of 90-150 days. Additionally, histological analysis of organs of the digestive and reproductive tract was carried out to characterize and validate the scoring system, as well as a skin lipid profile evaluation as a measure of lipid mobilization. It is proposed that animals should be evaluated for abdominal muscle coverage, thoracic narrowing, contrast between the dorsal and abdominal region and muscle coverage between dorsal rings. We found significant differences between size and accumulation of fat in the liver as well as the degree of development of the gonads in the animals evaluated. Better energy reserves and reproductive potential are therefore expected for animals with a higher BCS. Our BCS methodology presents itself as an alternative of high practicality, simplicity and low cost, being an innovative tool for the evaluation of energy reserves in Syngnathids.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future Aviary Design: The Science of Circular Flight Aviaries for Avian Welfare. 未来的鸟舍设计：圆形飞行鸟舍的科学为鸟类福利。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21903

James Edward Brereton, Jon C Coe, Eduardo J Fernandez

{"title":"Future Aviary Design: The Science of Circular Flight Aviaries for Avian Welfare.","authors":"James Edward Brereton, Jon C Coe, Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21903","url":null,"abstract":"Birds are kept in captive settings globally, and many of these birds are not flight-restrained. It is generally considered more ethical to house birds in aviaries than to practice flight restraint through wing clipping or pinioning, which means that aviaries are needed to prevent birds from escaping. Traditionally, rectangular aviaries are commonly used; these aviaries may not be well designed for bird flight, especially for large-bodied species. In this paper, we draw attention to the circular flight aviary, a design which has the potential to encourage extended flight in captive birds without the need for excessively large exhibit design. Several circular flight aviaries are already used in select zoos globally, but there is at present, limited empirical evidence on the welfare benefits for birds. We evaluate the tools that are required to assess the effects of circular flight aviary design on bird welfare, with a focus on aspects of exercise physiology that are sometimes overlooked in traditional welfare assessments. The circular design may also be used to overcome challenges associated with breeding birds in complex social structures, such as those which benefit from being housed in large flocks yet are intolerant of other individuals when nesting. Circular flight aviaries, if developed with a view to generating an evidence base, have the potential to improve bird welfare, at a time when bird flight is becoming more restricted globally due to disease implications.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feeder Insects: The Ethics of Live Feeding in Zoos and Aquariums. 喂食昆虫：动物园和水族馆中活体喂食的伦理。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21902

Bob Fischer

引用次数: 0

Evaluation and Ultrasonographic Validation of the Body Condition Score in Giant Anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758). 巨食蚁兽（Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758）身体状况评分的评价与超声验证。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21901

Fernanda Mara Aragão Macedo Pereira, Alexandre Luiz da Costa Bicudo, Danyele Karoline Avante Mangueira, Débora Regina Yogui, Miriã Ribeiro Costa, Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez, Carolyne Assis Engenheer Pinke Testa, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto, Ellen Sue Dierenfeld, Alessandra Melchert

{"title":"Evaluation and Ultrasonographic Validation of the Body Condition Score in Giant Anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Fernanda Mara Aragão Macedo Pereira, Alexandre Luiz da Costa Bicudo, Danyele Karoline Avante Mangueira, Débora Regina Yogui, Miriã Ribeiro Costa, Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez, Carolyne Assis Engenheer Pinke Testa, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães-Okamoto, Ellen Sue Dierenfeld, Alessandra Melchert","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21901","url":null,"abstract":"The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a unique species in risk of extinction nationally and internationally due to ongoing environmental and anthropogenic pressures, therefore requiring continuous conservation efforts. Under human care, obesity and nutrition-related diseases are major concerns. Body condition scoring (BCS) is an important tool for assessing animal fitness in natural and ex situ environments. This study aims to evaluate the applicability and reliability of BCS and morphometric measures, associated with ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), as tools to estimate the body condition of giant anteaters. Twenty free-ranging and twenty-two zoo-kept giant anteaters were assessed. The animals were weighed and classified by BCS, followed by biometric measurements and calculations of two body condition indices-the ratio index (RI) and the condition index 2 (ICC2). Subcutaneous fat measurements were taken by ultrasound in the lumbar, hip and flank of the captive anteaters. Captive animals exhibited higher body mass, BCS, measures of forearm, thorax, abdomen, neck, femur, tibia, humerus, RI and ICC2 compared to their free-ranging counterparts. Body mass correlated positively with all parameters except SFT. BCS showed moderate to strong correlations with body mass, RI, ICC2, thoracic, and abdominal circumferences. SFT correlated with BCS. Free-ranging anteaters consistently showed moderate BCS, while captive ones ranged from lean to obese, with relevant subcutaneous fat accumulation in the flank and hip. The resulting BCS protocol for the species was considered adequate to evaluate nutritional status under both free-range and managed-care conditions.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Makes a Mother? Investigating Maternal Success in Ex Situ Cheetahs. 什么是母亲？迁地猎豹母性成功的调查。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21894

Sian Barr, Yu-Mei Chang, Lars Versteege, María Díez-León

{"title":"What Makes a Mother? Investigating Maternal Success in Ex Situ Cheetahs.","authors":"Sian Barr, Yu-Mei Chang, Lars Versteege, María Díez-León","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21894","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the factors influencing the likelihood of breeding success is essential to the sustainable management of ex situ populations. Using keeper questionnaires and studbook data, we investigate maternal success in Southern Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in relation to life history and husbandry factors. Maternal success was measured using five maternal success indicators: (i) overall litter size; (ii) proportion of liveborn cubs in a litter; (iii) proportion of liveborn cubs raised by their mother surviving the 6-week neonatal stage; (iv) proportion of liveborn cubs raised by their mother surviving to 12 months; and (v) absence of maternal neglect. Cheetahs rep the feeding of ruminant meat and carcasses to cheetahs was found to be significantly related to a larger average litter size while the practice of starve days was associated with a higher stillbirth rate. Females who were moved to new enclosures for the pregnancy, lactation and parenting period also had poorer maternal success. While enrichment provision did not appear to result in a more positive mothering outcome, feederballs and catnip use were associated with lower mothering success, highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice in ex situ collections.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stakeholder Perspectives Regarding Captive Marine Mammals-How Can We Compromise? 利益相关者对圈养海洋哺乳动物的看法——我们如何妥协？

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21900

Kathleen M Dudzinski, Heather M Manitzas Hill

{"title":"Stakeholder Perspectives Regarding Captive Marine Mammals-How Can We Compromise?","authors":"Kathleen M Dudzinski, Heather M Manitzas Hill","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21900","url":null,"abstract":"This essay briefly presents the perspectives of multiple stakeholders regarding the care of captive marine mammals. Based on extant literature and professional experiences, the expectations, biases, and obstacles are described for the following perspectives: facilities, staff, guests, activists, scientists, third-party accreditations, governmental agencies, and marine mammals. All identified human stakeholders advocate for the animals, but the stakeholders have differing perspectives. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of impasse and areas of overlap to identify possible compromises to move toward a less contentious dichotomy. A summary of a recent case study involving the recently deceased killer whale, Tokitae, in managed care for 50+ years and the late-life transfer planned to return her to the Pacific Northwest provides an opportunity to illustrate the roles of each stakeholder involved. Also, several other cetacean examples are briefly summarized to illustrate the differing perspectives. Ultimately, compromises may be difficult given the disparate values and mindsets of the stakeholders. It seems that science should be allowed to weigh into this debate rather than allowing media attention, half-truths, and emotional appeals to govern policy and business models.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior of Rio Sao Francisco Piranhas in Response to Changes in Space and Density. 里约热内卢圣弗朗西斯科食人鱼对空间和密度变化的行为响应

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21899

Ronald G Oldfield, Josie E Thal, Nick J Zarlinga, Kristen E Lukas, Jason D Wark

{"title":"Behavior of Rio Sao Francisco Piranhas in Response to Changes in Space and Density.","authors":"Ronald G Oldfield, Josie E Thal, Nick J Zarlinga, Kristen E Lukas, Jason D Wark","doi":"10.1002/zoo.21899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21899","url":null,"abstract":"Previous observations of Rio Sao Francisco piranhas (Pygocentrus piraya) at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo revealed frequent aggressive interactions, which were associated with the injury and death of some individuals. Fishes are known to increase aggressive behavior when available space is limited. We compared the behavior of the piranhas longitudinally across three different space/density conditions: (1) in a group held in a small aquarium before the death of one individual, (2) in the same group after the death of one individual, (3) and in one individual of the group after it was later moved into a larger, multispecies aquarium. In the smaller aquarium, individuals maintained stable positions in the tank and remained inactive except to behave aggressively toward each other, retreat, or feed when food was offered. After the death of one individual, aggression decreased significantly but so did overall activity, including swimming behavior. After one individual was moved to a larger aquarium, it exhibited a striking increase in the amount of time spent swimming. Our data suggest that the well-being of P. piraya, and possibly other species of piranhas, might be better in large aquariums than in the small single-species exhibits often used in zoos and public aquariums. This study takes an important step in addressing the psychological and social well-being of bony fishes, an underrepresented area of research in zoos and aquariums.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Weight Loss of Pink Pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) Eggs During Incubation. 粉鸽蛋孵化过程中最佳减重。

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21898

Ksenia Potapova, Harriet Whitford, Josh A Hodge, Eluned Price

引用次数: 0

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