Zoo Biology最新文献_第4页

Radiographic Screening of Wild and Semi-Wild Cape Ground Squirrels (Geosciurus inauris) for the Presence of Peri-Apical Masses Associated With Elodont Incisor Teeth. 野生和半野生角地松鼠（Geosciurus inauris）切齿尖周肿块的放射学筛查。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70091

Quintin Norval, Adrian Tordiffe, Gerhard Steenkamp

{"title":"Radiographic Screening of Wild and Semi-Wild Cape Ground Squirrels (Geosciurus inauris) for the Presence of Peri-Apical Masses Associated With Elodont Incisor Teeth.","authors":"Quintin Norval, Adrian Tordiffe, Gerhard Steenkamp","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70091","url":null,"abstract":"Peri-apical masses such as elodontomas, pseudo-odontomas, and dental dysplasia have been reported to be associated with the elodont (continuously growing) teeth of rodents. These lesions are predominantly documented in captive animals and are hypothesized to arise from environmental and dietary factors linked to captivity. This cohort study investigates the prevalence of peri-apical masses in wild and semi-wild Cape ground squirrels (Geosciurus inauris) and examines associated risk factors. Radiographic screening was conducted on 50 wild squirrels from Kimberley and 50 semi-wild squirrels from Johannesburg City Park Zoo. Data on dietary habits and incisor teeth trauma were collected and analyzed. Peri-apical masses were absent in all screened squirrels across both cohorts. Semi-wild squirrels consumed a low-fiber, pelleted diet, whereas wild squirrels foraged naturally. Minor incisor teeth trauma was observed, but showed no correlation with peri-apical mass development. The study's sample size, although statistically powered, may not capture rare conditions such as elodontomas or pseudo-odontomas. Additionally, the observational design limits causal inferences regarding potential risk factors. Peri-apical masses appear rare in wild and semi-wild Cape ground squirrels, contrasting with the higher incidence reported in captive rodents. The findings suggest that a low-fiber diet did not induce peri-apical masses associated with elodont incisor teeth in semi-wild squirrels. Further research, including controlled trials, is recommended to clarify the etiology of elodontomas, pseudo-odontomas, and dental dysplasia in rodents.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":"627-637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fecal Glucocorticoid and Androgen Metabolites in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) Following Environmental Relocation. 环境迁移后东灰袋鼠粪便中糖皮质激素和雄激素代谢物的变化。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70096

Laura Menchetti, Rupert Palme, Livio Galosi, Giacomo Rossi, Elena Fraticelli, Gaia Andrea Bevinetto, Gioia Gaiot, Renato Piccinini, Raffaello Gambi, Matteo Cerquetella

{"title":"Fecal Glucocorticoid and Androgen Metabolites in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) Following Environmental Relocation.","authors":"Laura Menchetti, Rupert Palme, Livio Galosi, Giacomo Rossi, Elena Fraticelli, Gaia Andrea Bevinetto, Gioia Gaiot, Renato Piccinini, Raffaello Gambi, Matteo Cerquetella","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70096","url":null,"abstract":"Zoo animals often undergo changes in housing to improve management and social conditions, but these shifts may initially act as stressors, disrupting homeostasis. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in response, releasing several hormones. While adaptive in the short term, prolonged HPA activation may affect welfare. This study monitored HPA activity in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) following relocation by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (GCMs), androgen metabolites (AMs), and their ratio. Three kangaroos (two females, one male) were transferred from Parco Natura Viva to Parco Zoo Falconara (Italy). Fecal samples were collected daily for 10 days postarrival, then weekly from January 20 to April 9, 2024. GCMs and AMs were analyzed using enzyme immunoassays. Descriptive statistics and Spearman coefficient (ρ) were used. GCM levels (14-262 ng/g) rose initially (> 100 ng/g), declined, and stabilized by day 10, with another rise observed in mid-March. AMs also declined after the first days (from 34 ± 21.5 in the first week to 9 ± 3.6 ng/g over the following 40 days), with the male showing a distinct mid-March increase. GCM and AM levels were positively correlated (ρ = 0.741, p < 0.001). The GCM/AM ratio exceeded five initially in all subjects, dropping quickly, but exhibited a variable pattern in females. Results suggest a rapid physiological adaptation to the new environment, with later elevations tied to new stressors or seasonality. Given overlapping steroid pathways, AM interpretation requires caution. GCM and AM monitoring can serve as valuable noninvasive tools for welfare assessment, but accounting for seasonal variation in both sexes and integrating behavioral observations is essential.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Sex and Substrate Type on the Inversion Risk and Righting Behavior of Flamboyant Flower Beetles (Eudicella gralli): Implications for Habitat Design and Beetle Welfare. 性别和基质类型对花甲倒立风险和扶正行为的影响：对生境设计和花甲福利的启示

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70097

Peter Coggan, Noah T Dunham

{"title":"Effects of Sex and Substrate Type on the Inversion Risk and Righting Behavior of Flamboyant Flower Beetles (Eudicella gralli): Implications for Habitat Design and Beetle Welfare.","authors":"Peter Coggan, Noah T Dunham","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.70097","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their prevalence in zoological collections, the welfare of zoo-housed insects remains underexplored. This study investigates the influence of substrate type and sex on the inversion risk and righting behavior of flamboyant flower beetles (Eudicella gralli) at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. We utilized remote cameras to record the behavior of beetles (n = 8 females and 8 males) across four substrate conditions (mulch, leaf litter, wood chips, and twigs) over a 20-day period. Behavioral data were collected via a combination of interval scan sampling, continuous all-occurrence recording, and keeper logs. Statistical analyses revealed that the interaction of sex and substrate type significantly impacted time spent inverted (p < 0.001) as well as the duration of inversion events (p = 0.01). Most notably, males on the mulch substrate spent the greatest amount of time inverted (i.e., 46.7% of observations), had the longest inversion durations, and most frequently required keeper-assisted righting. Locomotion was the primary cause of inversion events across all conditions, with conspecific interactions contributing minimally to inversion events. Righting methods varied by substrate, with self-righting and substrate-assisted behaviors more prevalent on wood chips and leaf litter substrates, while conspecific assistance was more common on mulch. These findings underscore the importance of substrate selection in mitigating welfare risks associated with inversion in scarab beetles. We recommend a heterogeneous substrate composition incorporating soil/mulch, leaf litter, and elevated substrates to enhance righting opportunities, reduce the need for keeper intervention, and promote naturalistic behaviors. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on invertebrate welfare and provides actionable insights for evidence-based habitat design in zoological settings.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjusting Our Thinking About Feeding Animals: Fiber as the Metric for Mimicking Natural Diets. 调整我们饲养动物的想法：纤维作为模仿自然饮食的度量标准。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70104

Marcus Clauss, Geert P J Janssens, Oliver Pritchard Moore, Sarah Byrne, Marcin Przybyło

{"title":"Adjusting Our Thinking About Feeding Animals: Fiber as the Metric for Mimicking Natural Diets.","authors":"Marcus Clauss, Geert P J Janssens, Oliver Pritchard Moore, Sarah Byrne, Marcin Przybyło","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/zoo.70104","url":null,"abstract":"Free-ranging animals often ingest markedly different diets than their counterparts under human care, whether companion animals, production animals, or zoo animals. A nutrient with a prominent lack in the diet under human care across species is fiber. Dietary fibers are more difficult to digest than other nutrients and require microbial fermentation, typically resulting in an overall reduction of digestibility and metabolic efficiency. Nevertheless, or therefore, dietary fiber supports health, as it fosters a healthy gut microbiome and limits the risk of obesity and its comorbidities. And due to their lower energy density, high-fiber diets typically increase feeding time, and therefore reduce time available for undesired behaviors. As an adaptation to natural environments replete with high-fiber feeds, humans and animals alike have evolved gustatory preferences for low-fiber, energy-dense feeds. In zoo animal nutrition, the occurrence of both, potentially involuntary feeding of low-fiber diets due to uncritically following feeding traditions, and the deliberate deviation in fiber levels from natural diets, can be documented. Zoo staff appear to transfer their own evolved preference for high-energy feeds to the animals in their care, making zoo animal nutrition a showcase of cultural traditions clashing with biological knowledge. The fiber levels of zoo animal diets can therefore serve as a scale bar for how much zoo management is guided by biological knowledge as opposed to other factors (e.g., anthropomorphism). Increasing fiber levels, possibly to levels observed in the wild, holds great potential for further improvements in the health and behavioral management of zoo animals.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical Development of Zoo Tapir (Tapirus ssp.) Survivorship. 动物园貘（Tapirus ssp.）的历史发展生存。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70094

Johanna E Wittenberg, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Jörg Beckmann, Marco Roller, Dennis W H Müller, Jan Pluháček, Marcus Clauss, João Pedro Meireles

{"title":"Historical Development of Zoo Tapir (Tapirus ssp.) Survivorship.","authors":"Johanna E Wittenberg, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Jörg Beckmann, Marco Roller, Dennis W H Müller, Jan Pluháček, Marcus Clauss, João Pedro Meireles","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.70094","url":null,"abstract":"Tapirs (Tapirus spp.) are large, long-lived herbivores native to Central and South America and Southeast Asia. All species are currently classified as Vulnerable (T. terrestris) or Endangered (other species) in the IUCN SSC Red List. With populations in the wild continuing to decline, the value of ex-situ populations as insurance populations increases. To assess demographic patterns, we evaluated juvenile and adult survivorship trends among the three tapir species (Tapirus bairdii, T. indicus, and T. terrestris) frequently kept in zoos from 1870 to 2024 using Cox proportional hazard models. Survivorship of Baird's tapirs was better than that of the two other species. Overall, both juvenile and adult survivorship has increased significantly. This was expected, given the developments in tapir husbandry over the past decades. Despite significant progress in husbandry practices, important areas for improvement remain, particularly in nutrition. Not all institutions provide optimal diets, which can affect health and longevity. In all three species, we document an increase in the proportion of old age-individuals and a decline in that of juveniles. As tapir survivorship increases and more individuals reach advanced ages, new challenges will arise in using controlled mortality to ensure viable populations.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age-Associated Differences and Rearing Strategy-Related Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana). 圈养非洲象（Loxodonta africana）肠道微生物组的年龄相关差异和饲养策略相关改变

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70101

Yujing Duan, Jiangtao Li, Zixuan Li, Zhencun Wang, Meng Zhang, Zhenchao Bi

{"title":"Age-Associated Differences and Rearing Strategy-Related Alterations in the Gut Microbiome of Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana).","authors":"Yujing Duan, Jiangtao Li, Zixuan Li, Zhencun Wang, Meng Zhang, Zhenchao Bi","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.70101","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome is critical for the health and dietary adaptation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana), but how age and rearing strategies influence microbial communities remains unclear. Understanding these factors is essential for improving conservation and captive management practices, particularly given the high mortality rates in formula-fed calves. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and clinical data from 17 African elephants (calves: breastfed n = 3, formula-fed n = 2; adults n = 12), we investigated age-associated differences in gut microbiome composition and explored the potential relationship with rearing practices. Due to the limited sample size, results from formula-fed calves were analyzed as exploratory. Healthy adults were dominated by Bacteroidota, a phylum linked to fiber digestion, and showed higher microbial diversity compared to breastfed calves. Exploratory analysis of formula-fed calves revealed distinct compositional features, including reduced Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae and enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria, which co-occurred with clinical signs of diarrhea, growth failure. This study highlights age-associated differences in the gut microbiome of healthy African elephants and suggests that formula-feeding may be associated with altered microbial composition. These findings provide a foundation for future research to optimize rearing protocols for captive elephant calves.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-Defining Modern Zoo Roles Through the '7-Pillar Framework': Quantitative Evidence From Zoo Visitors and Non-Zoo Visitors. 通过“七柱框架”重新定义现代动物园角色：来自动物园游客和非动物园游客的定量证据。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70095

Andrea Rizzardi Orlandi, Peter Kraftl, Richard Sands, Sanne W van der Kleij, Sarah R Beck

{"title":"Re-Defining Modern Zoo Roles Through the '7-Pillar Framework': Quantitative Evidence From Zoo Visitors and Non-Zoo Visitors.","authors":"Andrea Rizzardi Orlandi, Peter Kraftl, Richard Sands, Sanne W van der Kleij, Sarah R Beck","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.70095","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the roles of zoos have been summarised in the '4-Pillar Framework' comprising Conservation, Education, Entertainment and Research elements. However, recent research identified the need for a more comprehensive model that better reflects zoos' contributions to both species conservation and society. This new model, which we describe for comparative purposes as the '7-Pillar Framework', incorporates additional roles: Health & Well-being, Conservation Finance, Economy and Policy & Decision-making, while removing Entertainment. Despite its theoretical solidity, no studies have empirically evaluated whether this new framework aligns with society's view of zoos. Given that societal perceptions around zoos are influenced by both zoo visitors and non-zoo visitors, we sought to determine whether the 7-Pillar Framework accurately reflects broader society's perceptions of zoo roles. A representative sample of 350 members of the UK public completed an online questionnaire. We employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the validity of the 7-Pillar Framework and compare it to the traditional 4-Pillar Framework. Our findings indicated that the 7-Pillar Framework better aligns with public perceptions, providing empirical support for its adoption. However, the Entertainment role remains unclear, receiving the highest rating but being excluded in the best-fitting model. In conclusion, public recognition of this model highlights the effectiveness of zoos in communicating their broader societal contributions and may suggest a route to increasing the number of visitors exposed to conservation education initiatives.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sources of Eustress in Captivity. 圈养动物压力的来源。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70106

Paul Rose

{"title":"Sources of Eustress in Captivity.","authors":"Paul Rose","doi":"10.1002/zoo.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.70106","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, zoo welfare research has centered on identifying and mitigating sources of distress. Increasing recognition of the importance of positive welfare, however, has prompted a re-evaluation of how managed environments can also create beneficial experiences that enhance wellbeing. \"Eustress\"-stress that arises from biologically relevant and manageable challenge-can emerge from cognitive, social, environmental, and husbandry-related opportunities that foster curiosity, agency, and positive behavioral diversity. Drawing on parallels between naturally occurring challenges in the wild and their managed counterparts, this article considers how zoos and aquariums might intentionally design environments and husbandry practices to promote eustress through enrichment, training, environmental novelty, and social opportunities. The article discusses both the potential and the limitations of this approach, acknowledging the methodological and ethical challenges of distinguishing eustress from frustration, and the importance of species-specific evaluation and individual understanding. Rather than presenting a definitive catalog of all possible methods, the ideas outlined are intended to spark reflection and debate on how eustress may be identified, facilitated, and evidenced in captivity. By moving beyond paradigms of simply reducing negative stressors, I suggest that zoos can shift toward actively promoting positive experiences as a cornerstone of contemporary animal management. In doing so, well-designed environments and species-appropriate, evidence-based husbandry will not only prevent suffering but also maximize the opportunities available for animals to thrive.","PeriodicalId":24035,"journal":{"name":"Zoo Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Species-Specific Microsatellites Reveal Parthenogenesis in a Stingray. 物种特异性微卫星揭示了黄貂鱼的孤雌生殖。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70098

Kevin Andrew Feldheim, Heather Terrell, Skylar Snowden, Paul Moylett, Allan Marshall

引用次数: 0

The Responsibility of Zoos to Advance the Rights and Interests of Indigenous People. 动物园促进原住民权益的责任。

IF 1.5 4区生物学

Zoo Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.70105

Jack Pascoe, Sally Sherwen

引用次数: 0