Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії最新文献

{"title":"MICROBIAL AIR POLLUTION IN POLTAVA","authors":"M. Faustova, G. Loban', V.G. Benedis, Ya.Yu. Faustov","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.145","url":null,"abstract":"Regular monitoring of air quality indicators, including microbial composition, is crucial for public health and should be a cornerstone of national healthcare policy. However, existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on microbial air pollution in Ukraine, particularly in Poltava and its surrounding areas. This study aims to assess the level of microbial air pollution across various districts within Poltava city. \u0000Materials and methods. The Koch sedimentation method was used to assess the level of microbial air pollution in the districts of Poltava. For this purpose, atmospheric air sampling was taken in park zones of various districts in the city of Poltava during October 2023. For comparison, air samples were taken in deciduous and coniferous forests of villages adjacent to the city. According to the results of cultivation, the total microbial count (TCM) of the air in 1 m3 of each sample was calculated separately. \u0000Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the standard Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism Software 10.1.0 software packages. (US, 2023). \u0000Results. The study has revealed the greatest microbial pollution of atmospheric air was found in Pavlenkivskyi Park (Kyiv District, Poltava City). The air quality index of atmospheric air in Corpusnyi Park turned out to be 4 times lower, compared to the air index of the Kyiv district. During the cultivation of atmospheric air samples taken in the Voiniv-Afghantsiv park (Shevchenkivskyi district of the city), the TCM was determined to be 8.2 times lower than that of the Pavlenkivskyi park. Interestingly, the \"Peremoha\" park (Shevchenkivskyi district) exhibited the lowest levels of microbial contamination. Overall, the Podilskyi district demonstrated favorable air quality indicators, surpassed only by the \"Peremoha\" park. However, it's important to note the presence of hemolytic streptococci in this district, which poses a potential health risk. \u0000Conclusion. The highest level of microbial air pollution has been found in the Kyiv district of Poltava, the lowest level is within the boundaries of the Shevchenkivskyi district on the territory of the \"Peremoha\" park. Microbiological air quality in Poltava's park areas exhibits an inverse relationship with proximity to the city's central roads.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL NANOPARTICLES OF METALS AND THEIR OXIDES IN IMPROVING DENTAL PROSTHESES","authors":"L.O. Lugova, O.V. Dobrobolska, O.V. Dobrovolskyi, E.M. Vazhnichaya, N. O. Bobrova","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.263","url":null,"abstract":"Many nanoparticles of metals and their oxides, including silver, titanium, zinc, copper, zirconium, have antimicrobial properties. These nanoparticles are a promising strategy for the treatment and prevention of oral cavity infections and can be used in various fields of dentistry. The purpose of the work is to present a literature review on the application of applying antimicrobial nanoparticle of metals and their oxides in orthopedic dentistry, in particular, in the improvement of materials for the prosthetics of dentition defects. Literature sources were searched in the PubMed database. Articles for the years 2013–2023 were selected for their involvement in orthodontic dentistry and for the availability of microbiological test data. Recent trends indicate a shift towards enhancing the composition of fundamental materials used in dental prostheses. To mitigate infectious complications, a modification of the base plastic by incorporating nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties is proposed. Silver nanoparticles are widely utilized to modify denture materials and, when combined with polymers or applied as a surface coating on biomaterials, exhibit antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens, along with an anti-biofilm effect. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, recognized for their biocompatibility and non-toxic nature, possess significant biocidal properties effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit biofilm formation by oral cavity microorganisms, not only on acrylic prostheses but also on surfaces like glass, polystyrene, and silicone. Titanium oxide nanoparticles contribute to reducing microorganism adhesion on various prosthetic materials, including acrylic resins, ceramic glass, and stainless steel. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles, distinct from other metal oxide counterparts, do not compromise the aesthetics of dentures. Simultaneously, they enhance density and reduce polymethylmethacrylate porosity, thereby decreasing candida adhesion and proliferation in the samples. Copper oxide nanoparticles exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of C. albicans and Streptococcus spp. growth, along with biofilm formation, and show cytotoxic effects only at high concentrations. Thus, there are metal and metal oxide nanoparticles that can improve the antimicrobial properties of prosthetic materials for orthopedic dentistry and thus ensure the prevention of infectious complications when using dental prostheses, but for their clinical use, the gap between experiment and practice has yet to be bridged.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN THE POPULATION OF THE MYKOLAIV REGION","authors":"A. O. Saveliev, V.O. Ziuzin","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the epidemiological features of malignant neoplasms, methods of the statistical analysis were applied to assess the spread of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region. This is a description of the regions characterized by statistically significant differences in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. An in-depth analysis of factors that potentially influence the development of cancer in areas with an increased risk of the occurrence and development of malignant tumors was conducted. For the epidemiological characteristics of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region, the indicators of the National Cancer Registry, the Mykolaiv Regional Cancer Registry, and the statistics department of the Mykolaiv Regional Oncology Dispensary for the period from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. Regional features of the development of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region were revealed based on the analysis of statistical data on the primary detection of cancer in 19 regions, 3 cities and the regional center - Mykolaiv for 2019-2021. The improved method of assessing the medical and ecological situation at different territorial levels was based on a combination of traditional methods of research on cancer incidence and the use of information technologies. Correlation, factor and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the impact of individual environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Territorial regularities of the studied territories were investigated with the help of statistical analysis. Territorial statistics made it possible to analyze trends in the spread of disease, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between environmental factors and health indicators.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACTIVATION OF THE IMMUNE-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AMONG PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION","authors":"S.S. Avgaitis, E.V. Sid","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine the levels of markers of the immune-inflammatory response in patients with community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. An open, prospective, observational study was conducted to achieve the goal and address the specified issues. From January, 2021 to February, 2022, 256 patients aged 40 to 65 years with community-acquired pneumonia were examined at the outpatient clinic of the Kherson City Clinical Hospital named after A. Tropin and O. Tropin. Among them, 177 patients had community-aquired pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2, and 79 were tested negative for coronavirus infection. Additionally, 35 healthy volunteers were examined on an outpatient basis. The assessment of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and hsCRP was performed in blood plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with standard kits: \"HF CRP-ELISA-Best,\" \"IL-6-ELISA-Best,\" \"IL-10-ELISA-Best,\" following the provided instructions. Results. The level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the groups of patients was significantly higher by 27.5% in the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19 than in patients with community-acquired pneumonia without COVID-19. Interleukin-6 was the highest in the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia and COVID and was significantly higher by 9.5% compared with the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia without COVID and 3.8 times higher compared with the value in healthy volunteers. There was no significant difference in interleukin-10 levels between the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia with COVID-19 and the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia without COVID. The level of this indicator in the group of practically healthy volunteers was significantly higher by 14.3% and 13.9% compared to the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia with COVID-19 and the group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia without COVID-19, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed the following relationships between the parameters: a direct relationship between interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (R = +0.43, p < 0.05) and a direct relationship between IL-6/IL-10 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (R = +0.35, p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between interleukin-10 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion. Assessment of proinflammatory cytokines can be used for predicting the severity of community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus infection. The possible association between the level of proinflammatory cytokines and the severity of community-acquired pneumonia in the pre-hospital stage is important for assessing possible complications of the disease and developing a preventive action plan.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW CHALLENGES OF DISTANCE TEACHING AT THE INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL FACULTY DURING THE WAR AND CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IN UKRAINE","authors":"K. V. Pikul, V. Ilchenko, Z. Shaienko, O. V. Muravlоva, K. Y. Prylutskyi","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.191","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to address specific challenges related to the organization and future prospects of distance teaching in medical higher education institutions, especially pertinent amidst the current military situation in Ukraine. Materials and methods. In our analysis, we reviewed relevant experiences and documentation, considering the participation of medical students in higher education. The data analysis on student’s performance and engagement in online courses to assess the effectiveness of current distance teaching methods was performed. Results and discussion. The education of medical professionals at international faculties holds significant national importance, contributing to addressing various societal challenges and enhancing Ukraine's educational reputation. However, recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law have posed new challenges for distance teaching practices in pedagogy. Ii is crucial for educators who work with international medical students to possess high levels of professionalism and moral integrity. Across the globe, simulation technologies are increasingly employed in medical training, offering innovative methods for preparing highly skilled medical personnel. One such technology is the \"virtual patient,\" which allows learners to engage in realistic clinical scenarios, make diagnostic and treatment decisions, and understand the consequences of their actions without compromising patient safety. The development of communication and language skills among future medical professionals remains a pressing concern within higher education institutions. Utilizing technological storytelling methods to illustrate the journeys of successful specialists can provide valuable insights and inspiration for students. In the context of distance learning, maintaining prompt feedback channels between students and departmental teachers is essential for effective learning outcomes. Conclusion. Practical application of innovative methodological approaches provide with opportunity for teachers of medical higher education institutions to implement and improve the novel methods of work, to increase the effectiveness of the educational process and the level of knowledge of students of the international faculty. Innovative distance learning technologies stimulate the teacher's work, increase his/her professional level, since the organization of the educational process requires preparation for each class, constant pedagogical research, development and use of additional new materials, study of innovative technologies.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MESENTERIC MILK SPOTS IN HEALTHY RATS AND THOSE WITH ADHESION DISEASE","authors":"A. P. Paydarkina, O. G. Kush","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.119","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The adhesion process occurs in more than 80% of cases after all abdominal operations. The process of adhesion formation and, as a consequence, chronic inflammation involve the lymphoid elements (Peyer's spots, solitary follicles) present in the peritoneum and submucosa of the intestine, causing a pathological immune response. Fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs), known as mammary structures, are also found in other fat reservoirs, such as the pericardium, mediastinum, and pleural cavity. The problem of visualizing milk spots in various structures of the peritoneum remains open. Relevance. Despite the fact that as early as 1921, scientists emphasized the presence of milk spots in the abdominal cavity and their great biological significance, the results of experimental studies related to milk spots are still relatively few. The novelty consists in investigating the peculiarities of the distribution of milk spots in the mesentery of the intestine with adhesion disease in rats in comparison with the health animals. \u0000Objective of this study is to detect milk spots, to investigate their topography and structure in the mesentery of the intestine in the health and in adhesion disease. \u0000Materials and methods: The experiment involved tissue preparation, macroscopic examination, histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained film preparations. \u0000Results. Milk spots of the intestinal mesentery in rats from the intact group are represented by round formations, 1-2 μm in diameter, white in color, uniformly and diffusely located on the area of the mesentery of the small and large intestine. Microscopically, they are characterized as a cluster of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages belonging to FALC lymphoid tissue. The area of milk spots of the peritoneum in the experimental groups varies depending on the course of the process of adhesion formation. Individual small white and gray granulations were observed in the animals of the II experimental group on the 7th day. On the 14th day of observation in the III group, the diameter of the milk spots reached 2-2.5 mm, they appeared as white granular clusters. On the 21st day, the animals of the IV group demonstrated an abundant accumulation of elliptical whitish structures, 3-4 mm in diameter near the blood vessels that differed significantly from the indicators of the other groups. \u0000Conclusion. The study has expanded knowledge regarding the distribution and composition of milk spots in the normal mesentery compared to those observed in adhesion disease. According to data obtained, milk spots are lymphoid tissue, represented by various types of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. The question of whether the lymphocytes found in the milk spots belong to different subpopulations, the dynamics of their number during the main stages of adhesion formation, remains an open question requiring further scientific research.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRONIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND COPPER EXPOSURE ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN RAT EMBRYOS","authors":"V. Shatorna, K. M. Tymchuk","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.159","url":null,"abstract":"The search for bioantagonistic elements that mitigate cadmium toxicity and accumulation in the body is a pressing area of research. In this context, investigating the potential of trace element succinates holds promise, given their increasing application in medicine, biological experimentation, and pharmaceutical development. \u0000This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic, isolated intragastric administration of cadmium chloride, and its combined administration with copper succinate, on the small intestine morphogenesis in developing rat embryos. Pregnant rats were exposed daily throughout pregnancy by oral gavage with solutions containing the respective agents at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Chronic daily exposure of pregnant rats to cadmium chloride via gavage resulted in structural alterations in the small intestine of embryos, evident as early as day 13 and becoming more pronounced by day 19. Compared to controls, cadmium exposure led to a thinner small intestine wall and a larger villus diameter in the intestinal mucosa. Notably, mucosal crypts were absent in the cadmium-exposed group at both time points. Conversely, the combined administration of cadmium chloride with copper succinate significantly restored most of the investigated histological parameters in the small intestine of embryos at both study days. Thus, the analysis of the obtained data has proven the effect of the isolated introduction of cadmium chloride leads to a reliable thickening of the villi of the small intestine and thinning of the mucosal walls in comparison to the control, and with the combined introduction of cadmium chloride with copper succinates, the indicators of the thickness of the mucous layer of the wall of the small intestine of the embryos had a tendency recovery to control group data. The obtained data allow us to consider copper succinate as a bioantagonist of cadmium chloride when administered intragastrically in the indicated doses in an experiment on rats.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISTANCE LEARNING METHODS FOR INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"I. O. Chorna, R. Yaroshenko, A. B. Zubakha, I. Shumeiko, V.S. Drabovskyi","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.204","url":null,"abstract":"In response to contemporary challenges and the imperative to adapt medical education to a distance learning format, particularly for international students, there arises a pressing need to develop and implement effective teaching methodologies. This article is aimed at investigating and discussing modern approaches to distance learning tailored for medical students, especially those from abroad. The highlights recent literature sources exploring current teaching methods in distance education for international medical students and outlining the most promising strategies for ensuring high-quality medical education through online platforms. For this analysis, a variety of sources including scientific articles, pedagogical reports, and personal experiences in teaching medical disciplines such as general surgery, nursing practice in surgery, and patient care with a surgical focus in an online format were consulted. It is imperative to underscore that the success of distance education for medical professionals hinges not only on the utilization of technology but also on the cultivation of interactive medical communities. Collaborative problem-solving of clinical tasks and case discussions foster the development of professional identity. The analysis indicates that employing interactive virtual lectures, online simulation workshops, and virtual clinical cases enables medical students to acquire practical skills in real-time. Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that effective distance education for foreign medical practitioners demands a comprehensive approach. Interactive methodologies, teacher support, and the integration of virtual tools facilitate not only the assimilation of theoretical knowledge but also the development of practical skills essential for future medical professionals. The conclusions of this work can be used for the further development of distance medical education, ensuring the high quality of training of specialists in the field of medicine.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRUXISM AS A CAUSE OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE TRIGEMINAL COMPLEX","authors":"O.H. Tereshchuk, U.R. Vasylyshyn, Y.O. Hatalska","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.274","url":null,"abstract":"All components of the dentoalveolar structures demonstrate close interconnections, especially in the intricate relationship between the nervous and muscular aspects of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The muscular system relies hierarchically on the regulatory mechanisms of the nervous system. Consequently, any disruption in the interaction between these components can lead to pathology affecting the overall function of the TMJ. One of the most prevalent myogenic disorders is bruxism, impacting 6-20% of the global population. However, pronounced signs of this condition are observed in only 3-5% of individuals. Bruxism is a multifactorial disorder, and its exact etiology remains unclear. Currently, a primary factor in bruxism is considered to be a disturbance in the body's adaptive capacity to cope with stress. Psychological stress induces hyperactivity in the masticatory muscles, leading to intense clenching of the dentition. This, in turn, results in an overload of the supporting tooth tissues, pathological abrasion of the dentition, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the emergence of general clinical symptoms such as headaches, orofacial issues, and neurological symptoms. The pathophysiological foundation of bruxism lies in the excessive strain on the masticatory muscles, causing ischemia and inflammation in the muscle fibers. The inflammatory process in these fibers triggers a persistent excitation of afferent nerve fibers of type C, giving rise to a dull, aching pain. As bruxism is a chronic condition, there is a physiological restructuring of nerve fibers. This involves the initial peripheral and subsequent central sensitization of C-type nerve fibers, resulting in an inappropriate response of the body to physiological stimuli. For instance, the nervous system begins to interpret minor stimuli as painful (hyperalgesia). Currently, no treatment methods completely eliminate bruxism. Modern treatment approaches involve the use of intraoral dental appliances, pharmacotherapy (with muscle relaxants such as botulinum toxin type A and drugs from the benzodiazepine group), and psychotherapy courses aims to teach patients sleep hygiene, self-control, and the elimination of detrimental habits, including clenching the dentition as a response to psychological stress.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHOID COMPONENT OF RAT PERICARDIUM THROUGHOUT ONTOGENESIS.","authors":"E.I. Verba, O. G. Kushch","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.84","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Research of the cardiovascular system is a relevant issue today, because its diseases are highly pathological and significantly affect the general mortality of the population. The morphofunctional state of the heart directly depends on the pericardium, which, in turn, performs a number of key physiological functions for the heart. The pericardium, having a coelomic origin, can perform not only a mechanical barrier function, but also exhibits immune properties through lymphoid tissue associated with serous membranes, known as serosa-associated lymphoid clusters. Objective. The purpose of the study is to expand the understanding of the structure of the lymphoid component of the pericardium, to analyze the qualitative composition of this tissue, and to study the topography at various stages of the postnatal ontogenesis of rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 4 age groups of laboratory rats, each of which included 5 individuals. Film preparations were made. Samples of film preparations were stained with methylene blue, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin natively and after fixation. Results. The lymphoid tissue of the pericardium of rats is mainly represented by small and medium-sized lymphocytes, as well as cells that are similar to plasma cells. Features of the topography of the lymphoid tissue of the pericardium in the early and late postnatal periods, revealed with the help of various staining methods, testify to important aspects of the morphology of the rat pericardium. Conclusions. Analysis of the lymphoid population of cells made it possible to determine them in different parts of the organ during ontogenesis, indicating the presence of dynamic changes in the lymphoid tissue of the pericardium during the postnatal period. Taking into account the age-related features of the structure of the pericardium, further study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of serosa-associated lymphoid clusters in rats is recommended, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the immune processes that occur in this organ. Considering the importance of immunological aspects of the cardiovascular system, the obtained data have a high potential for application in veterinary and medical practice.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}