Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії最新文献

{"title":"STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST MODULE IN THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT “INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH WORK” FOR EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM “MEDICINE”","authors":"O. Akimov, A. Mischenko, N. Solovyova, S.M. Nazarenko, V. Kostenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.231","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of skills, abilities, and competencies pertaining to the scientific method of understanding reality—comprising principles, rules, norms, and methodologies for acquiring and organizing new knowledge about both objective and subjective realities—represents the scientific aptitude within the educational framework. A robust scientific aptitude within the educational process is a vital prerequisite for students in specific fields of study (specializations) to receive education of requisite quality. \u0000The Department of Pathophysiology at Poltava State Medical University is actively engaged in not only fundamental medical and preclinical research but also in ongoing scientific and methodological endeavors aimed at enhancing the educational process departmentally and university-wide. The educational component ‘Individual Research Work” within the educational professional program “Medicine”, developed by the departmental faculty, serves to elevate educational standards by augmenting the scientific aptitude within the educational process. \u0000This study aimed to analyze and delineate the structure of the initial module within the educational component “Individual Research Work” of the educational and professional program “Medicine”. \u0000In preparing the manuscript of the article, the authors employed several general theoretical research methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison of concepts, abstraction, and generalization. \u0000Module No. 1, titled “Modeling of Typical Pathological Processes in Various Organs and Systems”, within the educational component “Individual Research Work”, spans 120 hours and is structured as follows: 8 lecture hours, 32 hours of practical classes, and 80 hours designated for independent study of module topics. The thematic plan encompasses the exploration of the following topics: 1. Modelling inflammatory processes in various organs; 2. Modelling disturbances in the cell cycle (hypo- and hyperbiotic processes); 3. Modelling systemic metabolic disorders; 4. Modelling functional disorders across various organs and systems. The ultimate outcome of Module No. 1 entails students selecting a topic and experimental model conducive to their research pursuit. \u0000The structure and content of this initial module within the educational component “Individual Research Work”, developed by the Department of Pathophysiology at Poltava State Medical University, align with the standards of contemporary higher medical education. The study, along with its inaugural module, is poised to enhance the quality of education for aspiring individuals enrolled in the educational and professional program “Medicine”.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"79 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF LATE-ONSET HYPOGONADISM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE URINARY BLADDER DUE TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA","authors":"R.B. Savchenko, O.O. Maksymenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the key characteristics of the lower urinary tract is its hormone dependence. Pathophysiological mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia include infravesical obstruction, formation of a fibrous framework in the urinary bladder, disruption of the urothelial barrier, and changes in the nervous and vascular networks of the pelvis. However, to date, there is a lack of data on the pathophysiological relationship between testosterone deficiency and morpho-functional changes of the bladder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of age-related hypogonadism in the pathogenesis of morpho-functional changes in the urinary bladder among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. \u0000The results of the examination of 70 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, aged from 47 to 83 years (mean age 67.94 ± 7.42 years), were analyzed. The first group consisted of 20 patients, whose disease duration was 4 ± 1.8 years. They had an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 16 ± 4.5 points, a maximum flow rate (Qmax ) of 15.8 ± 2.4 ml/s, an average flow rate (Qave) of 12.8 ± 2.8 ml/s, and no post-void residual. The second group included 20 patients with incomplete bladder emptying, with a disease duration of 5.8 ± 3.5 years. Their IPSS was 26 ± 3.9 points, Qmax was 10.8 ± 2.5 ml/s, Qave was 4.4 ± 1.4 ml/s, and post-void residual was 150.1 ± 80.8 ml. The third group comprised 30 patients who had undergone cystostomy, with a disease duration of 10.6 ± 3.3 years. Before cystostomy, their IPSS was 33.1 ± 1.88 points, and post-void residual was 1093.3 ± 458.8 ml. \u0000During surgery, all patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were taken a biopsy from the anterior wall of the bladder. In benign prostatic hyperplasia patients in the stage of bladder compensation, the level of testosterone was 15.39±1.44 nmol/l, the Aging Males Symptoms indicator was 24.80±5.78 points. Morphometric analysis of bladder tissue demonstrated the following: the diameter of the lumen of arterioles was 27.96±2.14 μm, the thickness of the arteriole wall was 16.03±1.83 μm, the Kernoghan index for arterioles was 1.22±0.17, the specific gravity of connective tissue made 4.48±0.82%, the diameter of SMCs was 7.46±1.66 μm. In benign prostatic hyperplasia patients in the stage of bladder subcompensation, the level of testosterone was 10.92±2.24 nmol/l, the Aging Males Symptoms index was 37.9±8.0 points. Morphometric analysis of bladder tissue revealed the following: the diameter of the arteriole lumen was 23.78±1.62 μm, the thickness of the arteriole wall was 18.30±1.32 μm, the Kernoghan index for arterioles was q1.65±0.18, the specific gravity of the connective tissue made up 11.80±1.22%, the diameter of SMCs was 7.07±1.93 μm. In benign prostatic hyperplasia patients in the stage of bladder decompensation, the level of testosterone is 9.66±2.13 nmol/l, the Aging Males Symptoms index is 55.80±6.69 points. Morphometric","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS AND NON-SPECIFIC PULMONARY INFILTRATS (Lecture)","authors":"I. P. Kaidashev","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.304","url":null,"abstract":"Following the reformation of healthcare system and the dissolution of the specialty \"Phthisiology,\" the extensive anti-tuberculosis efforts in Ukraine now fall under the purview of family doctors and specialists across various fields. According to the Law of Ukraine “On Overcoming Tuberculosis in Ukraine”, enacted on 14.07.2023 under No. 3269-IX, Paragraph 4 (Article 4), individuals afflicted with tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection are entitled to specialized medical care. This includes the treatment of all forms of tuberculosis and associated conditions across a spectrum of healthcare institutions. Compliance with this legal mandate necessitates that doctors of various specialties possess not only proficiency in contemporary tuberculosis treatment methods, which will be facilitated by the regional tuberculosis control center, but also competence in diagnosing tuberculosis in its various presentations. When health issues arise, patients typically seek assistance first from primary care specialists. The “Pulmonary infiltrate syndrome” is an X-ray syndrome characterized by the presence of shadows in the lungs exceeding 1 cm in diameter. There are numerous causes for such changes in the lungs. Given that the lungs are the most common site for tuberculosis, particularly in the form of infiltrative shadows, which may signify not only tuberculosis but also pneumonia, tumors, lung infarction, eosinophilic infiltrate, and other conditions, the question of their differential diagnosis becomes quite relevant. The increasing frequency and subtle clinical presentation of the “Pulmonary infiltrate syndrome” necessitate proficiency in the clinical aspects and diagnosis of its most common manifestations. \u0000The key differential diagnostic features that distinguish infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis from other nonspecific infiltrates include contact with a tuberculosis patient or a history of tuberculosis, often subacute onset, heterogeneous infiltrative shadow in 1, 2, or 6 segments with a connection to the lung root, moderate leukocytosis, lymphopenia, elevated ESR, presence of acid-fast bacilli in sputum or bronchial lavage, specific endobronchitis, positive response to antitubercular therapy, and lack of improvement with other nonspecific treatment methods.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYZING DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE PRIMARY STABILITY OF ORTHODONTIC MINI-IMPLANTS","authors":"D. P. Shaienko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.226","url":null,"abstract":"When disruptions occur in the mechanisms regulating the eruption of lower jaw molars, it becomes necessary to artificially extract and reposition them within the dentition. Various treatment methods are employed for this purpose, with the primary approach involving traction fixed to teeth or other anchorage elements and bone supports. Skeletal support is preferred to minimize resistance from orthodontic appliances when applying force to the patient's teeth. \u0000The utilization of mini-implants for anchorage demonstrates a relatively high success rate, though instances of failures and complications are not unheard of. Potential issues such as stability loss and mini-implant displacement may necessitate relocation or adjustments to treatment strategies, posing challenges for both practitioners and patients. \u0000Unlike dental implants, where secondary stability often dictates treatment success, primary stability holds paramount importance for orthodontic mini-implants. Investigating primary stability parameters can significantly impact treatment strategy selection and orthodontic mini-implant loading timelines. \u0000Focusing solely on mini-implant torque during placement is inadequate, as it fails to comprehensively gauge real stability. Moreover, the available range of torque indicators for orthodontic mini-implant placement is limited, typically ranging from 5ncm to 10 ncm. Furthermore, the selection of specialized devices for measuring primary stability is limited and necessitates meticulous evaluation.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"36 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GASTRIC GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR WITH SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE B DEFICIENCY: CLINICAL CASE","authors":"G. Ivanova, M. Dudchenko, M. Kravtsiv, D. Ivashchenko, T. V. Horodova-Andrieieva, M. Shevchuk, R. A. Prykhidko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.207","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors found in the gastrointestinal tract, constituting a diverse group of c-Kit positive mesenchymal (stromal or connective tissue) tumors. Their development is primarily associated with mutations in the c-Kit proto-oncogene, leading to structural alterations in the type III transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor (Kit). This receptor is crucial for regulating mitotic activity and cell differentiation. The activation of the Kit-receptor in tumor cells is identified through the expression of the immunohistochemical marker CD 117 (tyrosine kinase receptor protein), with approximately 80-90% of GISTs testing positive for CD 117. \u0000The objective of our study is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. \u0000The clinical case underscores the challenge of diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) due to the absence of specific and definitive symptoms. In this instance, only radical surgical intervention facilitated an accurate diagnosis. Given the location of the tumor in the pyloric part of the gastric submucosal layer, a reliable biopsy during video esophagogastroduodenoscopy was unfeasible, as the gastric mucosa above the tumor appeared unaffected. Consequently, surgery with complete tumor excision and subsequent pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis emerged as the primary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. These investigations confirmed the presence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach with succinate dehydrogenase B deficiency. \u0000In approximately 80% of GIST cases, succinate dehydrogenase deficiency plays a pivotal role. The absence of succinate dehydrogenase disrupts the Krebs cycle, leading to an accumulation of succinate, an oncometabolite that fuels carcinogenesis. Such tumors exhibit distinctive clinical characteristics, prognostic outcomes, and responsiveness to targeted therapies. Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency can arise from mutations or epigenomic alterations affecting gene expression. Notably, mutations or epigenomic disruptions in any succinate dehydrogenase subunit inevitably result in the loss of subunit B expression.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ISSUE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE INCIDENCE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"T. I. Shevchuk","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The training of future medical professionals involves not only development of skills and professional background, but also maintaining a sufficient health status; therefore the relevance of studying an incidence of infectious pathologies in medical students is exceptionally important. The purpose of the study is to investigate, analyze, and compare incidence of some infectious diseases among medicine students. Materials and methods. We utilized various research methods including analysis of scientific sources, synthesis and comparison of studies by other researchers, surveys, observations, interviews, and statistical data on the incidence of infectious diseases in Ukraine and worldwide. Additionally, we conducted a poll among first-year students of the medical faculty at Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University using Google Forms to gather data on the incidence of respiratory and digestive system infections. \u0000The study revealed that approximately 65% of the surveyed students had experienced coronavirus disease, mostly in a mild form. Among acute respiratory viral infections, flu (55.3%), sore throat (31.3%), and rhinopharyngitis (21.3%) were the most common (79.1%) among medical students. About 74% of respondents reported no chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, while the rest mentioned conditions such as allergic rhinitis (10%), chronic tonsillitis (10%), chronic pharyngitis (3.4%), and vocal cord diseases (2%). In terms of infectious pathologies of the digestive system, food poisoning of unspecified etiology (33.3%) and viral intestinal infections (11.7%) were the most prevalent. \u0000Conclusion. The relevance of the issue of infectious disease incidence among medical students necessitates further investigation and analysis to identify contributing factors, develop monitoring methods, and promote healthy lifestyles to maintain optimal health status.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"78 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF VACCINATION STATUS ON THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEASLES COURSE","authors":"O. Marchenko, T. Koval, O. M. Iziumska, O. Stetsenko, S. A. Olefir","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Measles is a dangerous and highly contagious viral disease with a tendency to spread rapidly. The incidence of measles is cyclical with outbreaks occurring every 5-6 years and is directly related to the level of vaccination against the disease. Measles can become severe clinical course and have serious, sometimes fatal consequences. \u0000The purpose of the study is to compare the clinical course of measles depending on the vaccination status of patients. We analysed medical records of 218 patients aged 18 to 55 years who were inpatients with a diagnosis of measles at the Poltava Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. The clinical features of measles were compared based on vaccine status using descriptive statistics methods in accordance with the analysis requirements. Comparison of the clinical course of the disease depending on vaccination status did not reveal a statistically significant difference in clinical symptoms between the groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. However, in the group of unvaccinated patients, a severe course of measles was significantly more often observed compared to those who were vaccinated (p = 0.003). The incidence of complications was studied and found to be lower in vaccinated individuals than in non-immune patients (p = 0.051), specifically pneumonia (p = 0.006). No cases of complications such as measles encephalitis and enterocolitis were recorded among vaccinated individuals. \u0000Thus, the course of the disease was characterised by typical clinical signs with a predominance of intoxication syndrome, the appearance of a typical rash, its stages, the presence of catarrhal and, less often, intestinal syndromes. It was found that vaccinated individuals had significantly less frequent severe measles, and the incidence of complications, including pneumonia, was was significantly lower than in unvaccinated patients.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF IN-PATIENT PSYCHIATRIC CARE PROVISION IN THE POLTAVA REGION IN 2023","authors":"P.V. Kydon","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.166","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The importance of safeguarding mental health and providing high-quality psychiatric care became increasingly urgent following the onset of full-scale war in Ukraine. Currently, a strategy to transfer psychiatric care from specialized institutions to primary care is being implemented. Therefore, analyzing the nosological distribution of referrals to a psychiatric hospital during martial law is an extremely urgent issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the nosological structure of hospitalizations at the Communal Enterprise “Regional Institution of Mental Psychiatric Care of the Poltava Regional Council” in 2023. \u0000Results and their discussion. Schizophrenia remains the leading diagnosis among patients receiving inpatient psychiatric care. The second place is taken by neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. In third place are organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders, with vascular dementia being the leading primary diagnosis among patients with organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders. Among the substances causing mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol ranks first. Paranoid schizophrenia is the leading diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal states, and delusional disorders. Recurrent depressive disorder is the most common among affective disorders. Adjustment disorders occupy the first place in the structure of the incidence of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders. Among the behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, anorexia nervosa is the most common. Emotionally unstable personality disorder is most common among patients with disorders of adult personality and behavior. Mild mental retardation is more common than others. Childhood autism has the largest share in the incidence structure of disorders of psychological development. Among behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, the most common are mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. \u0000Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in planning and forecasting the provision of inpatient psychiatric care to patients during the wartime.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF ACNE TREATMENT","authors":"O. Bezeha, Y. Yemchenko, K. Vasylyeva, I.B. Popova, V. I. Kameniev","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.244","url":null,"abstract":"Acne, characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin, has a multifactorial pathogenesis. Despite the array of available treatments, it remains one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions globally. While primarily affecting adolescents, a noteworthy and escalating number of cases occur in adults, particularly women. \u0000The complex pathogenesis of acne encompasses follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by Cutibacterium acnes, sebum production, intricate inflammatory processes involving innate and acquired immunity, neuroendocrine mechanisms, and genetic and non-genetic factors. Risk factors include adolescence, familial predisposition, and oily skin. \u0000Although numerous acne treatments exist, ongoing efforts aim to mitigate side effects such as skin irritation, dryness, and photosensitivity, while enhancing efficacy through refined formulations and novel drugs with innovative mechanisms of action. Emerging products target various aspects of acne's multifactorial pathogenesis, offering promising advancements in treatment options. \u0000With the escalating concern over antibiotic resistance, current guidelines advocate for the judicious use of oral antibiotics and emphasize exploring alternative treatments. Isotretinoin stands out as a highly efficacious therapy for acne: it operates by reducing sebaceous gland size, decreasing sebum secretion, regulating cell proliferation and keratinization, while also possessing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Spironolactone also plays an important role in acne treatment; functioning as a synthetic aldosterone receptor antagonist with anti-androgenic attributes. Androgens exert significant physiological effects on the skin, regulating processes such as skin renewal, hair follicle growth, sebaceous gland proliferation, sebum production, and embryogenesis. \u0000Topical therapies serve as viable options for both initial treatment and maintenance of acne. They can be utilized as monotherapy (excluding topical antibiotics) or in combination with other topical or oral products.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"15 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFECTION CONTROL IN COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON POLYMORPHISMS OF TMPRSS2 (rs12329760), FGB (rs1800790), AND NOS3 (rs2070744) GENES","authors":"M.O. Sokolenko, L.P. Sydorchuk, A.A. Sokolenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of this study is to investigate the potential of anti-infective protection in patients with COVID-19 by analyzing the absolute and relative number of the main populations of immunocompetent peripheral blood cells depending on the polymorphism of the genes of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2, rs12329760), fibrinogen beta (FGB, rs1800790) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3, T-786C, rs2070744). \u0000Materials and methods. A total of 204 patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia were included in the single-center study. Among the patients were 51.97% (106) women and 48.03% (98) men. Among the patients, there were 51.97% (106) women and 48.03% (98) men, with an average age of 55.93±8.75 years. Anti-infective protection was assessed based on an extended complete blood count (CBC) with the calculation of the main populations of immunocompetent cells. The polymorphism of the TMPRSS2 (rs12329760), FGB (rs1800790) and NOS3 (rs2070744) genes was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time PCR). \u0000Results. There were no differences in the absolute and relative number of most populations of immunocompetent peripheral blood cells between the genotypes of the TMPRSS2 (rs12329760) gene. The absolute and relative number of immunocompetent peripheral blood cell populations between the genotypes of the FGB (rs1800790) gene also did not differ significantly. However, in AA genotype carriers, there was a tendency to decrease the number of neutrophilic granulocytes due to mature segmented nucleated forms against the background of an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes by 27.27% (p=0, 038) and 55.55% (p=0.007) and agranulocytes due to lymphocyte sprouting and monocytes by 8.87-20.09% that implies a more severe course of the disease and a stronger stress of non-specific immunity than in G-allele holders. \u0000Conclusions. Inflammatory changes in the complete blood count of the main populations of immunocompetent cells in patients with COVID-19 do not show a consistent dependence on the genotypes of the TMPRSS2 (rs12329760) and NOS3 (rs2070744) genes. However, the presence of the AA genotype of the FGB gene (rs1800790) in patients with COVID-19 is associated with a more severe course of the disease and increased stress on the monocyte-macrophage system.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}