Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii最新文献_第8页

[Thresholds of continuously approaching sound sources with rhythmic structures typical for biologically significant signals]. [连续接近声源的阈值，具有典型的具有生物学意义的信号的节奏结构]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

I G Andreeva, A P Gvozdeva

{"title":"[Thresholds of continuously approaching sound sources with rhythmic structures typical for biologically significant signals].","authors":"I G Andreeva, A P Gvozdeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Localization of biologically significant moving rhythmic sources with different pulse/pause ratio has been practically not investigated. The issue of the perception thresholds of continuously approaching sound sources is addressed in the present study. The illusion of approaching sound courses was created by noise pulse sequences linearly increasing in amplitude and emitted by a loudspeaker placed at the level of the subject's head, 1.1 m away, under free field conditions. The sequences were formed by short (5 and 10 ms) or long (70 and 100 ms) pulses. The continuous movement thresholds were evaluated by the pauses between noise pulses varying from 10 to 150 ms. For the short pulse sequences the thresholds were 49 and 41 ms, while for the long ones they decreased to 21 and 16 ms, respectively. A progressive decay of the continuous movement perception threshold in pausing between noise pulses with increasing width over the whole pulse-width range studied was observed. The thresholds for the short noise pulse sequences were 54 and 51 ms did not differ significantly, while for the long noise pulse sequences they were almost twice as long, 91 and 115 ms. For the structures representing the short (up to 10 ms) pulse sequences, the thresholds were highly variable in magnitude that is indicative of a probabilistic evaluation of movement in case of insufficient information. For the long (tens of ms) pulse sequences, the threshold evaluation was stabilized. The continuous movement thresholds and the effective masking time for sound pulse sequences coincided suggesting critical role of non-simultaneous masking for the evaluation of movement continuity.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33204265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The activity of transaminases in the tissues of the Black-Sea mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis]. [黑海贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)组织中转氨酶的活性]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

A D Kulikova, A A Soldatov, T I Andreenko

引用次数: 0

[ [<RNA世界”——地球上生命起源和早期进化的一个不太可能的场景]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

P D Bregestowski

{"title":"[<RNA World\"--an unlikely scenario of the life origin and early ecolution on Earth].","authors":"P D Bregestowski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The most widely accepted modern scenario of prebiotic evolution that led to the emergence of the first cells on our planet is the \"RNA World\"--a hypothetical period of the early Earth's biosphere, when the information transfer and all the processes necessary for the functioning of the primary systems were provided by replicating RNA molecules. The essence of the \"RNA World\" hypothesis is based on two postulates: 1) at the initial stages of the origin of life, RNA molecules performed all functions necessary for reproduction and replication of biological molecules: informational, catalytic and structural; 2) at a certain stage of evolution arose separation of RNA and DNA, appeared genetically encoded proteins and occurred a transition to the modern world of living systems functioning. However, the analysis shows that the hypothesis of \"RNA World\" has a number of unsurmountable problems of chemical and informational nature. The biggest of them are: a) the unreliability of the initial components synthesis; b) a catastrophic rise of polynucleotide chains instability with their elongation; c) catastrophically low probability of formation of sequences possessing meaningful information; d) lack of a mechanism determining the regularities division of the membrane vesicles permeable to nitrogen bases and other RNA components; e) lack of driving forces for the transition from the RNA world to the much more complex world based on DNA and RNA. Therefore, the \"RNA World\" scenario seems unlikely.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33203656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Erythrocytes of hetero- and homoiothermal animals in natural and artificial hypothermia]. [自然低温和人工低温条件下异温和同温动物的红细胞]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

V V Lomako, A V Shilo, I F Kovalenko, G A Babiĭchuk

{"title":"[Erythrocytes of hetero- and homoiothermal animals in natural and artificial hypothermia].","authors":"V V Lomako, A V Shilo, I F Kovalenko, G A Babiĭchuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"By the low-angle light scattering technique there are revealed peculiarities of dynamics of transformation (osmotic fragility, level of hemolysis and ratio of forms by index of sphericity) of erythrocytes of hetero- (golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus) and homoiothermal (white rats Rattus norbegicus) animals in natural hibernation and suspended animation, craniocerebral and immersion hypothermia. In control in hamsters the osmotic fragility and the level of hemolysis of erythrocytes were higher than in rats, predominant were modified forms (in particular stomatocytes). Under artificial hypothermia, regardless of the way of achievement, depth and duration, we observed changes similar in direction, but different in expression: the osmotic fragility and hemolysis increased, the portion of discocytes decreased (especially sharply in hamsters under suspended animation), the number of changed erythrocytic forms rose. In contrast, under hiberation the osmotic fragility, hemolysis and the amount of stomatocytes declined, the portion of discocytes increased, but at the same time the amount of prehemolytic forms (spherocytes) rose too. In 24 hs there occurred a decrease of osmotic fragility (after suspended animation more pronounced in hamsters) and the level of hemolysis (especially after immersion hypothermia), the portion of discocytes was restored, in hamsters after suspended animation and in rats after immersion hypothermia it even exceeded the control level; spherocytes in blood of hamsters were not revealed, in rats they were elevated. Possibly, the observed qualitative change of population of spherocytes 24 h after hypothermia toward its homogeneity is determined not only at the level of elimination of old and defected cells, activation of erythropoiesis, the appearance of highly resistant erythrocytes, but also at the level of time membrane-stabilizing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"52-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33203651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Characterization of the intestinal digestive glycosidases in plankton- and benthos-feeding species of the fish genus Ballerus (Cyprinidae)]. [以浮游生物和底栖动物为食的球鲈属(鲤科)鱼类肠道消化糖苷酶的特征]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

I L Golovanova, A A Filippov, A A Bolotovskiĭ, B A Levin

引用次数: 0

[Osphradial chemosensory organ as a probable trigger of the cardiac system adaptive reaction to the effect of heavy metals in aquatic mollusks]. [作为水生软体动物对重金属影响的心脏系统适应性反应的可能触发器的鱼颈化学感觉器官]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

N N Kamardin, V A Lubimtsev, E L Kornienko, G P Udalova, S V Kholodkevich, S A Apostolov

{"title":"[Osphradial chemosensory organ as a probable trigger of the cardiac system adaptive reaction to the effect of heavy metals in aquatic mollusks].","authors":"N N Kamardin, V A Lubimtsev, E L Kornienko, G P Udalova, S V Kholodkevich, S A Apostolov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of osphradium in the fresh-water mollusk Viviparus sp. and single osphradial neurons in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis to L-glutamine and L-asparagine as well as the changes in these responses under the effect of heavy metals (Cu, Cd) were recorded electrophysiologically. The functional connections of osphradium with the identified neurons of the central pattern generator of respiratory movements and cardiac activity as well as the modification of these connections under the effect of short-term application of HgCl2 solution on the snail's osphradium were investigated. The cardiac rhythm in the mollusk Littorina littorea under the effect of Cu ions was registered non-invasively in long-lasting experiments. The dose-dependent short-term effects of heavy metals changes after osphradium injury were revealed. The implication of osphradium in adaptive reactions of the cardiac system in aquatic mollusks to the environmental heavy metal pollution is suggested. The dependence of cardiac rhythm on the degree of accumulation of copper ions in the mollusk tissues was detected. The results obtained are essential for unraveling neural mechanisms and pathways allowing heavy metals to affect the functional state of hydrobionts, particularly, the cardiac activity frequency characteristics of which are widely used as informative biomarkers to assess physiological condition of aquatic invertebrates.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33204267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Functional topography of pacemaker and conducting myocytes in the right atrioventricular valve of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) heart]. [鸡(Gallus domesticus)心脏右房室瓣膜起搏器和传导肌细胞的功能形貌]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

V I Prosheva

引用次数: 0

[Novel achievements in development and application of GPCR-peptides]. 【gpcr -多肽开发与应用的新成果】。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015010020

A O Shpakov, K V Derkach

{"title":"[Novel achievements in development and application of GPCR-peptides].","authors":"A O Shpakov, K V Derkach","doi":"10.1134/s0022093015010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093015010020","url":null,"abstract":"One of the approaches to creating the regulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is the development of peptides that structurally correspond to the functionally important regions of the intracellular extracellular loops of the receptors. GPCR-peptides can selectively regulate the functional activity of homologous receptor and affect the hormonal signal transduction via the receptor. Among the peptides corresponding to the intracellular regions of GPCR, their derivatives modified with hydrophobic radicals exhibit the highest activity and selectivity of action in vitro and in vivo. Ample evidence demonstrates that lipophilic GPCR-peptides may be used to treat diseases and various abnormalities that depend on the functional activity of receptors homologous to them. In turn, the peptides corresponding to the extracellular regions of GPCR can be used as functional probes for studying the specific interaction between the receptors and their ligands, as well as for studying the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases caused by the production of antibodies to GPCR antigenic determinants that are localized in the receptor extracellular loops. The present review focuses on the recent achievements in development and application of GPCR-peptides and on the prospects for their further use in medicine and fundamental biology.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1134/s0022093015010020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33204264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Species-specific features of tocopherol content in carnivorous mammals during autumn period]. [秋季食肉哺乳动物生育酚含量的物种特征]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

T N il'ina, I V Baishnikova

{"title":"[Species-specific features of tocopherol content in carnivorous mammals during autumn period].","authors":"T N il'ina, I V Baishnikova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of the major liposoluble antioxidant, vitamin E (α-tocopherol), content was conducted in carnivorous mammals (polar fox, silver fox, raccoon dog, mink, sable) during late autumn under natural lowering of temperature. The highest vitamin E content in liver and kidney was found in polar fox and raccoon dog, obviously due to seasonal metabolic changes and ecological specialization determining the accumulation of considerable amounts of tocopherol both in polar and hibernating species. To investigate the features of vitamin E accumulation, the tocopherol loading experiment was implemented on three species (polar fox, silver fox, mink). It was shown that polar fox, as compared to silverfox and mink, exhibits a higher ability to reserve vitamin E. The established differences in tocopherol content and distribution in different species should be considered as a genetically fixed reaction to the effect of environment underlain by metabolic differences in animals with different ecological specialization. The ability of tocopherol to accumulate in tissues and organs allows considering its essential role in stabilization of the antioxidant system and ensuring thereby a seasonal cold resistance.","PeriodicalId":24017,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33204266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Glial fibrillary acidic protein: the component of intermediate filaments in the vertebrate brain astrocytes]. [胶质原纤维酸性蛋白:脊椎动物脑星形胶质细胞中中间细丝的成分]。

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii Pub Date : 2015-01-01

E G Sukhorukova, D É Kruzhevskiĭ, O S Alekseeva

引用次数: 0