{"title":"MorfWeb: A New Way of Living the Web Access","authors":"M. Santambrogio, C. Tziviskou, G. Moli","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301869","url":null,"abstract":"As Internet is being established the dominating communication platform between applications and final users, Web accessibility is becoming more and more important in the information retrieval and services delivery. This paper presents the limitations of the Web standard WCAG and of two interpretations of it in delivering Web resources to users with disabilities. First, an evaluation of these standards underlines their poor contribution to satisfy the goals of users with disabilities, and then, a proposal of simple architectural steps for the design of a Web site is made based on accessibility as well as usability criteria. This article studies the typical usage scenarios for such users within the Web site of an association with humanistic scopes, and proposes separate interfaces of a polymorphic application that each one of them takes under consideration the physical difficulties a users group may have, its goals and expectations. Finally, various existing tools are presented evaluating their capability to implement Web interfaces following the proposed design model","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128563354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augmenting Rural Supply Chains with a Location-Enhanced Mobile Information System","authors":"P. Javid, Tapan S. Parikh","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301847","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been increased interest in the market potential of rural communities in the developing world. In the developing world, the lack of information and communications infrastructure has left companies with manual paper-based information methods as the only means of analyzing and aggregating data. This primitive approach to rural supply chain management creates a barrier to efficiency and a barrier to entry for many companies. In this paper we discuss a field study conducted with a company involved in the marketing, sale, and distribution of products in rural India. We describe the participants in this company's rural supply chain, highlighting inefficiencies in the information and material flow. We show how a technology-based solution could help optimize distribution routes and reduce inefficiency. By knowing the location and details of transactions, the company can better direct rural marketing strategies and manage human and material resources. We present the high-level design of this system and enumerate the possible technologies that can be used to determine a user's location via a mobile device, including GPS, GSM triangulation and Placelab using GSM (LaMarca et al., 1999). To assess the potential of GSM-based methods, we describe the results of an experiment we conducted to determine the extent of GSM coverage along common rural sales routes. Our results indicate that GSM-based methods are sufficient for some purposes, but can not be used to determine the exact position of all rural transactions, especially those that occur in rural villages. We discuss scanning location-specific barcodes as a possible way of localizing transactions to individual villages and customers","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Economy and ICTs for Development: India's Space Program, 1975-2000","authors":"S. Raja","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301859","url":null,"abstract":"At its inception, the Indian space program aimed to assist in national socio-economic development. Between 1975 and the end of the 1980s, India built and launched satellites to satisfy ambitious development goals, but following the liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy in 1991, the space program became increasingly commercialized. This paper shows how changing national political economy played a critical role in determining if India employed its satellites for development or commercial profit. Understanding this link is critical to ensure the validity of future discussions about the role that ICTs can play in socio-economic development","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131799993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Shakil Akther, Takshi Onishi, T. Kidokoro
{"title":"ICT for Poverty Alleviation: A Study on Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Shakil Akther, Takshi Onishi, T. Kidokoro","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301858","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is now one of the world leaders in using telecommunication (mainly phone) for poverty alleviation. Village Pay Phone (VPP) Program - an NGO led initiative has been hailed as one of the first program to use telephone for poverty alleviation (2003). The success of this program led to low-income entrepreneur both in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh to take similar kind of initiative. Studies on VPP program show it can reduce poverty in rural areas. This paper focuses on the performance of the enterprises, which are not in VPP program. We conclude that these initiatives are equally effective in alleviating poverty","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128099992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Global Diffusion Patterns of Successive Technology Generations: Modeling Analog and Digital Wireless Phone Growth","authors":"R. Kauffman, A. Techatassanasoontorn","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301864","url":null,"abstract":"IT is a proven driver of economic growth and social development. Recent large-scale adoption of digital wireless phones among developed and developing countries has driven the expectation that high penetration will eventually pay off in economic returns and social benefits. We examine growth models to discover diffusion patterns of analog and digital wireless phones in the global context. We ask: What models might characterize diffusion growth for analog and digital wireless phones? Do developed and developing countries experience different growth patterns? Do analog and digital technologies follow different diffusion patterns? We use a matched sub-sample of twenty countries, with an equal share of developed countries and other less well-developed countries. We fitted internal, external and mixed influence diffusion models, models that allow asymmetric diffusion patterns around an inflection point for growth, and also models with a flexible inflection point for growth. The results provide a rich source of insights on wireless phone diffusion across its two key technological generations","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129798158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"E-governance services through Telecentres-Role of Human Intermediary and issues of Trust","authors":"K. Gopakumar","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301850","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on telecentres have shown that the centres can become socially relevant only when they provide services in accordance with the needs of the local community. The studies have also shown the importance of a local intermediary in making telecentres successful. The paper shows how trust between citizens and intermediaries at various levels affect the way e-governance services are delivered through telecentres. Drawing on the theoretical framework of the sociology of governance and taking an institutionalist perspective, this paper highlights how the institutional membership of the intermediary is critical for an engaging relationship between citizens and providers for providing services. The paper is based on an empirical study of Akshaya telecentre project in Kerala","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123350851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Assessment for Sustainable Kiosk Projects","authors":"Judd Antin","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301855","url":null,"abstract":"Kiosk/telecenter projects, which provide access to information technologies and related services, have become an important vehicle for delivering the benefits of ICTs to the developing world. As more of these projects are implemented, there is a real need to evaluate their long-term impacts. Assessments, however, are often restricted to economic and technical factors which, though important, by themselves privilege objects and models over people and situated use. Beginning with the premise that successful and sustainable kiosk projects are those that adapt to local contexts and cultures, this paper presents a holistic model for assessment that centers on cultural factors. We argue that understanding cultural factors allows kiosk projects to respond to local histories, needs, and values in a way that ultimately enhances the long-term viability of change. After discussing some challenges that many kiosks currently face with respect to a holistic, culture-centered assessment, we present a brief review of models for 'rapid' ethnography which are drawn from applied anthropology. Finally, we propose a focused and practical framework for holistic analysis to inform program development","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computing Devices for All: Creating and Selling the Low-Cost Computer","authors":"Rodrigo Fonseca, J. Pal","doi":"10.1109/ICTD.2006.301831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTD.2006.301831","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, several projects have explored the possibility of enabling human development for economically underserved populations by giving people direct access to modern computing technology. The main economic and distributional hurdle in the access of such provision has been the prohibitive cost of computing devices. The quest for lowering this bar has resulted in research into solutions aimed at modifying existing technology to reduce the cost through innovation with the software, hardware, and distribution processes. Some common threads are manifested across such projects, both in terms of the approaches to building new technologies, and the subsequent outcomes. Using two important case studies we generate some hypotheses about the possibilities and barriers to new technology development for poor populations","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhi Kalra, Tom Lauwers, Dan Dewey, Thomas S. Stepleton, M. Dias, Daniela-Carmen Rus, R. Gandhi, R. Veeraraghavan, K. Toyama, U. Saif, A. Chudhary, S. Butt, N. F. Butt, Indrani Medhi, Rabin K. Patra, J. Pal, S. Nedevschi, M. Plauché, U. Pawar, Jennifer Bussell
{"title":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","authors":"Nidhi Kalra, Tom Lauwers, Dan Dewey, Thomas S. Stepleton, M. Dias, Daniela-Carmen Rus, R. Gandhi, R. Veeraraghavan, K. Toyama, U. Saif, A. Chudhary, S. Butt, N. F. Butt, Indrani Medhi, Rabin K. Patra, J. Pal, S. Nedevschi, M. Plauché, U. Pawar, Jennifer Bussell","doi":"10.1109/ictd.2006.301823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictd.2006.301823","url":null,"abstract":"The following topics are dealt with: information and communication technologies and development; ICT in agriculture; economics of ICTD; innovative user interfaces; ICT in rural service delivery; kiosks; and telecenters","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"2000 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PDF Not Yet Available In IEEE Xplore","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/telsks.2007.4375952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/telsks.2007.4375952","url":null,"abstract":"The document that should appear here is not currently available.","PeriodicalId":239878,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","volume":"504 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127046185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}