Transactions of the American Microscopical Society最新文献

{"title":"Elapholaophonte decaceros n. gen., n. sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from the Philippines","authors":"N. Schizas, T. C. Shirley","doi":"10.2307/3226641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological effects of the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus in the ceca of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus.","authors":"I. Buron, B. Nickol","doi":"10.2307/3226644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226644","url":null,"abstract":"Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) possess an alimentary canal that has seven pyloric ceca, some or all of which may be parasitized by the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus. The microscopic anatomy of ceca with worms and the microscopic anatomy of ceca without worms in parasitized fish were compared to each other and to that of ceca from unparasitized fish. Parasites occluded ceca and caused significant distention (two-tailed Student's t-test, P < 0.05). Frequently, the proboscis was positioned in the lamina propria, but sometimes attachment was in the muscularis mucosa. Occasionally, the cecal wall was perforated. Epithelium was destroyed at the site of attachment and cell debris occurred in the lumen. The abundance of goblet cells in the mucosa of infected ceca was significantly greater than in ceca without worms whether in parasitized or unparasitized fish. Circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the muscularis mucosa were significantly thicker in parasitized than in unparasitized ceca. Additionally, muscle layers in unparasitized ceca of infected fish were significantly thicker than those in uninfected fish, revealing an effect of parasitism more general than necrosis at the site of attachment. Numerous papers have reported pathological effects of acanthocephalans on their vertebrate definitive hosts. Most of these papers described granulomas, necrosis, inflammation, and occasional perforation of the gut wall. Quantitative data that compared infected with uninfected individuals are scanty. Bullock (1967) found no difference in the number of mucous cells, granular cells, or rodlet cells in uninfected mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853), and those infected with Octospiniferoides chandleri Bullock, 1957. Although necrosis occurred at the attachment site of the parasites, the mucosal epithelium was normal immediately outside of the wounds (Bullock, 1967). Changes in addition to those at the attachment site were described in rats infected with Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1819). The diameter of the intestine and the thickness of its muscle layers were greater throughout in infected than in uninfected rats (Singhvi & Crompton, 1982). Structural damage at the point of attachment by Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891) was described in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802), by Venard & Warfel (1953) and in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede, 1802, by Esch & Huffines (1973), but effects of infection 1 This research was conducted while I. de Buron was a recipient of a Lavoisier stipend from the French Ministere de La Recherche et de l'Industrie. Dr. Vincent A. Connors offered helpful comments and assistance. 2 Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, U.S.A. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 161-168. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.51 on Sat, 18 Jun 201","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"113 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85845066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metalimnetic Oxygen Depletion: Organic Carbon Flux and Crustacean Zooplankton Distribution in a Quarry Embayment","authors":"M. Schramm, G. Marzolf","doi":"10.2307/3226639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226639","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux and the distribution and abundance of crustacean zooplankton and bacteria associated with formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum were examined in a deep embayment of Kentucky Lake, Kentucky. POC measurements from sediment traps placed above and below the metalimnion yielded an estimate of the organic material that was metabolized in the metalimnion. This estimate was the molar equivalent of the oxygen that was depleted from the metalimnion. Calculated zooplankton respiration accounted for 26-31% of the observed oxygen loss, except in midsummer when it accounted for 15%. Estimated bacterial respiration accounted for >44% of the observed oxygen loss. The comparison of calculated oxygen demand with observed oxygen loss emphasizes the importance of in situ processes as the cause of the minimum and suggests that metalimnetic deficits may be useful to estimate productivity. The vertical distribution of three species of Daphnia changed as the oxygen minimum formed. Daphnia pulex became entirely hypolimnetic. Thus, changes in chemical structure influence spatial distribution of zooplankton species. Disappearance of oxygen from deep, dark layers of productive thermally stratified lakes is one of the classical dogmata of limnological knowledge (Birge & Juday, 1911). Under homothermal conditions, wind mixing keeps all depths oxygenated through photosynthetic oxygen production in the euphotic zone and atmospheric invasion at the surface. Organic matter, synthesized in the upper lighted layers, is decomposed by bacteria as it sinks, using dissolved oxygen (Henrici, 1939). When mixing is prevented by the thermal/density This study was supported by the Center for Reservoir Research and conducted at the Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, U.S.A. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Gary Rice for field assistance and Jennifer Burch for zooplankton enumeration. Reviews of the manuscript by Drs. Alan W. Groeger, Michael L. Mathis, and David S. White are appreciated. Contribution no. 18 of the Center for Reservoir Research. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 113(2): 105-116. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.193 on Thu, 08 Sep 2016 04:38:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. barrier that defines stratification, deep waters are no longer oxygenated, and the net respiratory losses result in oxygen depletion. Disappearance of oxygen from only the metalimnion is one of several variants of this phenomenon. The metalimnetic oxygen minimum, or negative heterograde oxygen profile (Hutchinson, 1957), is characteristic of productive lakes with steep-walled basins and voluminous hypolimnia. These conditions seem to be met often in river impoundments (Cole & Hannan, 1990). In the situation described here, dense metalimnetic populations of crustacean zooplankton were observed, suggesting that a","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87543496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copepoda associated with octocorals in Northwestern Madagascar, including Orecturus sakalavicus n. sp. from the Telestacean Coelogorgia palmosa","authors":"A. G. Humes","doi":"10.2307/3226640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226640","url":null,"abstract":"Several copepods associated with octocorals are recorded from the region of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar, including Orecturus sakalavicus n. sp. from Coelogorgia palmosa. The female of this new siphonostomatoid may be distinguished from its four congeners on the basis of selected characteristics as follows: Orecturus grandisetiger (body large, average length 1.20 mm; third segment of antennule with enlarged seta); Orecturus excavatus (outer margin of first segment of exopod excavated, free segment of leg 5 oval); Orecturus forticulus (caudal ramus wider than long, innermost terminal seta on antenna very long and plumose, claw of maxilla stout); and Orecturus finitimus (free segment of leg 5 oval, caudal ramus wider than long). Two poecilostomatoids are reported: Acanthomolgus telestophilus from Coelogorgia palmosa (new host) and Telesticola angoti from Coelogorgia palmosa. Sixty-six species of siphonostomatoid and poecilostomatoid copepods are known to be associated with octocorals, primarily representatives of Gorgonacea, Telestacea, Alcyonacea, and Pennatulacea, in the vicinity of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar (Humes, 1982, 1989, 1990; Humes & Stock, 1973). Three poecilostomatoid copepods (but no siphonostomatoids) have been reported from Telestacea in the vicinity of Nosy Be. Acanthomolgus (=Lichomolgus) Telestophilus (Humes & Ho, 1968) occurs with Telesto arborea Wright & Studer, Telesticola angoti Humes & Stock, 1973 lives with Coelogorgia palmosa Milne Edwards & Haime. Paramolgus (=Lichomolgus) clavatus (Humes & Ho, 1968) is known from Coelogorgia palmosa. This paper presents a description of a new siphonostomatoid copepod from Coelogorgia palmosa and lists other copepods from certain alcyonaceans and telestaceans, including new host records. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the time of collection, the colonies of the octocorals were isolated in plastic bags containing sea water. Later, in the laboratory, sufficient 95% ethanol was added to make approximately a 5% solution. After 1-2 h, the octocorals were rinsed, the wash water poured through a fine net (approximately 120 holes per 2.5 cm), and the copepods recovered from the sediment retained. The copepods were measured and studied in lactic acid. Dissections were The copepods were collected in 1963-1964 as part of the United States Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and in 1967 with the support of a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-5838). The laboratory study has been aided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BSR 88 21979). TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 117-126. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.51 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. prepared using the wooden-slide method described by Humes & Gooding (1964). All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida.","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87338074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amebostomes on the Ameba Acanthamoeba castellanii (Acanthamoebidae: Amoebida)","authors":"J. Ubelaker, M. L. Farmer, James H. Martin","doi":"10.2307/3226650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tardigrades of the Australian Antarctic Territories: the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica","authors":"W. R. Miller, H. Heatwole, R. Pidgeon, G. Gardiner","doi":"10.2307/3226642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226642","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of the terrestrial tardigrades inhabiting algae, lichens, and mosses in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica was conducted at 61 sites during the austral summer of 1987. Five genera and six species of Tardigrada were recovered. Statistical analysis of biotic association was conducted and for most species-pairs, tardigrades occur randomly with respect to each other. The hypothesis is proposed that distribution of tardigrades in the Antarctic is more strongly influenced by dispersal capabilities than by climatic factors or biotic interactions. East Antarctica is a series of widely dispersed, small, ice-free areas surrounded by a continuous sea of mostly frozen water. These islands, scattered along the Antarctic circle, provide a discontinuous habitat for terrestrial organisms. Tardigrade research in East Antarctica has been conducted entirely within the current century. Richters (1904, 1907) described the first tardigrades from this area, and later he listed 13 species, providing also the first discussion of distribution. Over 50 years passed before Morikawa (1962) and Sudzuki (1964) reported finding tardigrades near the Japanese base at Syowa, Queen Maud Land. Korotkevich (1964) found, but did not identify, tardigrades in bodies of freshwater in the Bungar Hills and the Obruchev Hills of Wilkes Land. Thomas (1965) found an unidentified Macrobiotus in the meltwater pools near the abandoned Wilkes Base on the Clark Peninsula. Another decade passed without reports of tardigrades from East Antarctica, until Sudzuki (1979) again described the animals from the Syowa area. In the early 1980's, the ecology of Antarctic tardigrades was discussed by Everitt (1981) and Miller (1983). Dastych (1984) expanded the list of species known from Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands and described eight species new to science. Gardiner & Pidgeon (1987) reported collections at sites in East Antarctica; this paper is the culmination of that work. The tardigrade fauna of the Vestfold We are grateful to the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) and to the personnel of the Australian Antarctic Division, especially Martin Betts, for logistical support and advice, and for making the expedition possible, and to Dr. Rod Seppelt for identification of the mosses and lichens. Publication costs, in part, are being met by a grant from the Spencer-Tolles Fund of the American Microscopical Society. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 142-160. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.251 on Thu, 14 Jul 2016 06:20:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 113, NO. 2, APRIL 1994 Hills near Davis Base was surveyed by Miller et al. (1988); they discussed the ecology, distribution, and association patterns. Dastych (1989) reported on specimens collected in the area of Casey Station. Ryan et al. (1989) extended the known distribution of five species with a report from Roberts","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"142-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82452163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanceimermis minnesotensis n. sp. and gastromermis parvispicularis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from adult chironomids emerging from Lake Itasca, Minnesota, U.S.A.","authors":"Arthur A. Johnson, M. Kleve","doi":"10.2307/3226646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"103 1","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mutant of Dictyostelium mucoroides lacking the sorophore sheath and primary macrocyst wall","authors":"Marilynn A. Larson, D. L. Kelly, Allen T Weber","doi":"10.2307/3226649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80328173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine structure of the envelope surrounding the cystacanth of Acanthocephalus clavula (Acanthocephala) in its intermediate host Echinogammarus stammeri (Ampohipoda)","authors":"B. S. Dezefuli, G. Bosi, R. Rossi","doi":"10.2307/3226577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226577","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the ultrastructure of the envelope covering each cystacanth of Acanthocephalus clavula within the hemocoel of naturally infected amphipods, Echinogammarus stammeri, from the River Brenta (northern Italy). A fully developed larva of this acanthocephalan occupies a large portion of the host's hemocoel. The envelope bounding the parasite maintains intimate contact with the internal organs and hemocytes of the host. Intact amphipod hemocytes, as well as cells in varying degrees of degeneration, mainly on the outermost edge of the envelope of A. clavula, were observed. No melanized larvae of A. clavula were seen within the hemocoel. This envelope apparently protects the developing acanthocephalan larva from cellular responses of the host. The present paper reports light and transmission electron microscopical observations on this transparent acellular envelope surrounding the cystacanth of A. clavula. In the interface region of the parasite envelope with hemocytes of E. stammeri, cells were found adherent to the outer surface of the larval envelope and also between the inner edge of the envelope and parasite","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"112 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87925707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the Reproductive System of Cura foremanii (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)","authors":"W. Filschlschweiger","doi":"10.2307/3226574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91076725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}