World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Green Transport Solutions for Developing Cities: A Case Study of Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Benedict O. Muyale, Emmanuel S. Murunga","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-11961-8_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11961-8_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"399 1","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Integrated Methodology for Fouling Control in Membrane Bioreactors","authors":"P. Gkotsis, M. Mitrakas, E. Peleka, Anastasios Zoumpoulis, Dimitrios Zampoulis","doi":"10.15224/978-1-63248-043-9-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-043-9-30","url":null,"abstract":"The most serious drawback in wastewater treatment using membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is membrane fouling, which gradually leads to membrane permeability decrease and efficiency deterioration. This work is part of a research project that aims to develop an integrated methodology for membrane fouling control, using specific chemicals which enhance the coagulation and flocculation of compounds responsible for fouling, hence reducing biofilm formation on the membrane surface and limiting the fouling rate acting as a pre-treatment step. For this purpose, a pilot- scale plant with fully automatic operation achieved by means of programmable logic controller (PLC) has been constructed and tested. The experimental set-up consists of four units: wastewater feed unit, bioreactor, membrane (side-stream) filtration unit and permeate collection unit. Synthetic wastewater (BOD=1000 mg/L) was fed as the substrate for the activated sludge (F/M=0.2 kg BOD/kg MLVSS∙d). The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of the aerobic tank was maintained in the range of 2-3 mg/L during the entire operation by using aerators below the membrane module. Backflushing steps of 1 min were performed periodically after 10 min of filtration. Membrane reversible and irreversible fouling was pre-assessed in terms of filterability tests and SMP (soluble microbial product) concentration measurements conducted in mixed liquor samples before and after the addition of commercial and composite coagulants. Membrane fouling results in increased treatment cost, due to high energy consumption and the need for frequent membrane cleaning and replacement. Due to the widespread application of MBR technology over the past few years, it becomes clear that the development of a methodology to mitigate membrane fouling is of paramount importance. The present work aims to develop an integrated technique for membrane fouling control in MBR systems and, thus, contribute to sustainable wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82185952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Environmental Culture in Algeria: Eco Design","authors":"S. Tireche, A. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74733130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Geophysical Studies in the Developed and Sub-Urban BBMP Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, South India","authors":"G. Venkatesha, Urs Samarth, H. K. Ramaraju, A. Sharma","doi":"10.17265/2159-581x/2016.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-581x/2016.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The projection for groundwater states that the total domestic water demand for greater Bangalore would increase from 1,170 MLD in 2010 to 1,336 MLD in 2016. Dependence on groundwater is ever increasing due to rapid Industrialization & Urbanization. It is estimated that almost 40% of the population of Bangalore is dependent on groundwater. Due to the unscientific disposal of domestic and industrial waste generated, groundwater is getting highly polluted in the city. The scale of this impact will depend mainly upon the water-service infrastructure, the superficial geology and the regional setting. The quality of ground water is equally important as that of quantity. Jointed and fractured granites and gneisses constitute the major aquifer system of BBMP (Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike) area. Two new observatory borewells were drilled and lithology report has been prepared. Petrographic Analysis (XRD/XRF) and Water Quality Analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. Petrographic samples were analysed by collecting chip of rock from the borewell for every 20 ft depth, most of the samples were similar and samples were identified as Biotite-Gneiss, Schistose Amphibolite. Water quality analysis was carried out for individual chemical parameters for two borewells drilled. The 1st Borewell struck water at 150 ft (total depth-200 ft) & 2nd struck at 740 ft (total depth-960 ft). Five water samples were collected till end of depth in each borewell. Chemical parameter values such as, Total hardness (360-348, 280-320) mg/ltr, Nitrate (12.24-13.5, 45-48) mg/ltr, Chloride (104-90, 70-70) mg/ltr, Fe (0.75-0.09, 1.288-0.312) mg/ltr etc. are calculated respectively. Water samples were analysed from various parts of BBMP covering 750 sq kms, also thematic maps (IDW method) of water quality are generated for these samples for post-monsoon season. The study aims to explore the sub-surface lithological layers and the thickness of weathered zone, which indirectly helps to know the groundwater pollution source near surface water bodies, dug wells, etc. The above data are interpreted for future ground water resources planning and management.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77868326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening selection and optimization of extracellular methanol and ethanol tolerant lipase from Acinetobacter sp. K5b4","authors":"K. Khleifat","doi":"10.12692/ijb/6.10.44-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/6.10.44-56","url":null,"abstract":"An extracellular methanol and ethanol tolerant lipase producing bacterial strain K5b4 was isolated from soil samples contaminated with hydrocarbon residues, and further identified as Acinetobacter species. The immobilized lipase from Acinetobacter sp. K5b4 retained more than 98% of its residual activity after incubation with pure methanol and ethanol for 24 hours. The highest hydrolytic activity of the immobilized enzyme was obtained in the presence of 75% (v/v) methanol in the assay solution. In contrary, the enzyme was able to maintain its original activity up to only 25% (v/v) ethanol meanwhile, at elevated concentrations of 50 and 75% (v/v) the enzyme activity were reduced by 10 and 40% respectively. Maximum lipase activity of 31.5 mU/mL was achieved after 48 hr cultivation when the optimized medium (pH 7.0) that composed of 1.0% (w/v) olive oil, 0.2% (w/v) glycerol, 0.15% (w/v) yeast extract, and 0.05% (w/v) NaCl was inoculated with 0.4% (v/v) seed culture and incubated at 30°C and 150 rpm agitation speed. However, the presence of CaCl2 in the growth media did not show any inhibitory or stimulatory effect on the enzyme production as it compared to the control experiment. Meanwhile, the other mineral salts MgCl2, MnCl2, KCl and CoCl2 were negatively affected the production of lipase enzyme. The inhibition of lipase production from Acinetobacter sp. K5b4 in presence of glucose suggesting that lipase gene expression is prone to catabolic repression. * Corresponding Author:Muhamad O. Allimoun muhamadodeh@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88261320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotreatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contaminated Soil by Chromolaena odorata L. King and Robinson","authors":"R. O. Anyasi, H. I. Atagana","doi":"10.11159/IJEPR.2014.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJEPR.2014.011","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of Chromolaena odorata propagated by stem cuttings and grown for six weeks in the greenhouse to thrive in soil containing different concentrations of PCB congeners found in Aroclor 1254, and to possibly remediate such soil was studied under greenhouse conditions. Chromolaena odorata plants were transplanted into soil containing 100, 200, and 500 ppm of Aroclor in 1L pots. The experiments were watered daily at 70 % moisture field capacity. Parameters such as fully expanded leaves per plant, shoot length, leaf chlorophyll content as well as root length at harvest were measured. PCB was not phytotoxic to C. odorata growth but plants in the 500 ppm treatment only showed diminished growth at the sixth week. Percentage increases in height of plant were 45.9, 39.4 and 40.0 for 100, 200 and 500 ppm treatments respectively. Such decreases were observed in the leaf numbers, root length and leaf chlorophyll concentration. The control sample showed 48.3 % increase in plant height which was not significant from the treated samples, an indication that C. odorata could survive such PCB concentration and could be used to remediate contaminated soil. Mean total PCB absorbed by C. odorata plant was between 6.40 and 64.60 ppm per kilogram of soil, leading to percentage PCB absorption of 0.03 and 17.03 % per kilogram of contaminated soil. PCBs were found mostly in the root tissues of the plants, and the Bioaccumulation factor were between 0.006-0.38. Total PCB absorbed by the plant increases as the concentration of the compound is increased. With these high BAF ensured, C. odorata could serve as a promising candidate plant in phytoextraction of PCB from a PCB-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86361293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the Dynamics of E-waste Production from Mobile Phone: Model Development and Case Study of Rwanda","authors":"Rutebuka Evariste, Zhang Lixiao","doi":"10.5890/jeam.2015.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5890/jeam.2015.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal(loids) Speciation Using HPLC-ICP-MS Technique in Klodnica River, Upper Silesia, Poland","authors":"M. Jabłońska-Czapla","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1100406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1100406","url":null,"abstract":"The work allowed gaining knowledge about redox and \u0000speciation changes of As, Cr and Sb ionic forms in Klodnica River \u0000water. This kind of studies never has been conducted in this region of \u0000Poland. In study optimized and validated previously HPLC-ICP-MS \u0000methods for determination of As, Sb and Cr was used. Separation \u0000step was done using high-performance liquid chromatograph \u0000equipped with ion-exchange column followed by ICP-MS \u0000spectrometer detector. Preliminary studies included determination of \u0000the total concentration of As, Sb and Cr, pH, Eh, temperature and \u0000conductivity of the water samples. The study was conducted monthly \u0000from March to August 2014, at six points on the Klodnica River. The \u0000results indicate that exceeded at acceptable concentration of total Cr \u0000and Sb was observed in Klodnica River and we should qualify \u0000Klodnica River waters below the second purity class. In Klodnica \u0000River waters dominates oxidized antimony and arsenic forms, as well \u0000as the two forms of chromium Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Studies have also \u0000shown the methyl derivative of arsenic's presence.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81751131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Indol Acetic Acid on Liver of Albino Rats","authors":"Ezaldin A. M. Mohammed, Youssef. K. A. Abdalhafid, M. Zatout","doi":"10.37376/1570-000-008-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37376/1570-000-008-004","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to clarify the toxic effect of plant hormones, which are widely used in agriculture. One of these is the plant hormones (indole acetic acid); has been giving the hormone to rats at 100 ppm salt solution of 0.2 per day after day for a period of forty days before conception until the fourteenth day or sixteenth or childbirth. Treatment brought about a marked shortage in the rate of increase in the weight of mice., And a percentage of the weight of the liver there was a distinct increase in the relative weight of the liver. As well as the increase in pathological changes and increase the size of the nuclei and Kupffer cell, as noted widespread and dense clusters of inflammatory cells accompanied by about the erosion of liver tissue and blood infiltration. Biochemical analyzes showed a marked decrease of the liver in antioxidant enzymes and an increase in the rate of free radicals. It was also noted an increase in cases of abortion. The owner of so many birth defects. It was also noted the lack of body weight in fetuses and increase the absorption rate of embryos in fetuses of mothers treatment compared to the control group. Showed microscopic examinations of the liver of mice born in the transaction and the decay in the presence of hepatic cells and edema, blood vessels and increase the rate of cell death.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"147 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86651813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Glass Powder and GGBS on Strength of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete","authors":"I. R. Mithanthaya, N. Rao","doi":"10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V19P213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V19P213","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of glass powder (GP) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the compressive strength of Fly ash based geopolymer concrete has been investigated. The mass ratio of fine aggregate (fA) to coarse aggregate (CA) was maintained constant. NaOH flakes dissolved in water was used as activating liquid and mixed with fly ash (FA) to produce geopolymer paste or cementing material. This paste was added to mixture of CA and fA to obtain geopolymer concrete. Cube samples were prepared from this concrete. The ranges of investigation parameters include GP/FA from 0% to 20%, and GGBS/ FA from 0% to 20% with constant amount of GP. All the samples were air cured inside laboratory under room temperature. Compressive strength of cube samples after 7 days and 28 days curing were determined. The test results are presented and discussed. Based on the results of limited tests, a suitable composition of FA, GP and GGBS for constant quantity of CA and fA has been obtained to produce geopolymer concrete of M32. It is found that geopolymer concrete is 14% cheaper than concrete of the same strength using OPC. The strength gain in the case of geo-polymer concrete is rather slow compared to that of Portland cement concrete. Tensile strength of this concrete was also determined by conducting flexure test on beams prepared using this concrete. During curing, up to 7days, greyishwhite powder used to come out from all the surfaces of sample and it was found to be a mixture of Carbonates and Sulphides of Na, Mg and Fe. Detailed investigation is necessary to arrive at an optimum mixture composition for producing Geo-polymer concrete of required strength. Effect of greyish-white powder on the strength and durability of the concrete is to be studied.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85456166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}