World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Sustainable Sanitation Systems: Urban Slums","authors":"A. Hamza, B. Akıntuğ","doi":"10.15242/dirpub.dir0517405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.dir0517405","url":null,"abstract":"Having an appropriate plan of sanitation systems is one of the critical issues in global urban slums nowadays. Poor sanitation systems in urban slums outcomes an enhanced vulnerability of severe diseases, low hygiene, and environmental risks within our environment. Greywater, human excreta, and solid waste are the main contributors increasing public health risks and amounts of pollution loads within the slum environment. Higher population growth, urge of urbanization and illegal status of urban slums makes it impossible to increase the level of performance of sanitation systems in urban slums. According to Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, design parameters for sanitation systems are set up to ensure sustainable environment. This paper reviews the categories of effluent, treatment technologies, and procedures of processes that are adopted in the urban slums. Based on these considerations, assessment of sustainable sanitation systems is done using sanitation chain concept in accordance to the pre-determined sustainability indicators and criteria which shows that this concept is potentially feasible and applicable in terms of sustainable sanitation in urban slums.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78204927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backwash Optimization for Drinking Water Treatment Biological Filters","authors":"Sarra K. Ikhlef, O. Basu","doi":"10.22215/etd/2016-11280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2016-11280","url":null,"abstract":".................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Main Objective ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Organization of Thesis Document ......................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 4 2. 1 Filtration in Drinking Water Treatment ................................................................................ 4 2.1.1 Removal Mechanisms ..................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Types of Filters ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Biologically Active Filters in Drinking Water Treatment ..................................................... 7 2.2.1 NOM Removal by Biofiltration ...................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Operational Parameters of Biologically Active Filters ................................................... 8 2.3 Backwashing of Drinking Water Biofilters ......................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Backwash Theory and Backwashing Strategies ............................................................ 15 2.3.2 Filter Ripening .............................................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 3MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................... 23 3.1 Biofiltration System .............","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic Characteristics of the Tidal River Dongcheon in Busan City","authors":"Youngman Cho, Sang Hyun Kim","doi":"10.17640/KSWST.2016.24.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17640/KSWST.2016.24.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dual Polarization Rainfall Estimation Algorithm Applicability in Korea: A Case Study on Biseulsan Radar","authors":"C. Yoo, Gildo Kim","doi":"10.9798/KOSHAM.2016.16.1.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2016.16.1.281","url":null,"abstract":"Dual polarization radar provides comprehensive information about rainfall by measuring multiple parameters. In Korea, for the rainfall estimation, JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms are generally used. This study evaluated the local applicability of JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms in Korea by using the observed rainfall data collected on the August, 2014 by the Biseulsan dual polarization radar data and KMA AWS. A total of 11,372 pairs of radar-ground rain rate data were classified according to thresholds of synthetic algorithms into suitable and unsuitable data. Then, evaluation criteria were derived by comparing radar rain rate and ground rain rate, respectively, for entire, suitable, and unsuitable data. The results are as follows: (1) The radar rain rate equation including specific differential phase was found better in the rainfall estimation than the other equations for both JPOLE and CSU-HIDRO algorithms. The thresholds were found to be adequately applied for both algorithms including specific differential phase. (2) The radar rain rate equation including horizontal reflectivity and differential reflectivity were found poor compared to the others. The result was not improved even when only the suitable data were applied.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82041388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and Biological Effects of Pollution and Dredging Activities on Fisheries and Fisheries Products in Niger Delta Ecological Zone","authors":"Ikpesu, Thomas Ohwofasa, B. Ilesanmi","doi":"10.25177/JAFFS.2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JAFFS.2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue-Collar Workers’ Accidents and Close Call Situations Connected to the Use of Cell Phones among Finns Aged 18–65","authors":"L. Korpinen, R. Pääkkönen, F. Gobba","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1112089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1112089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87689654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Historical Trends of PAHs Deposition in Recent Sediment Cores of the Imo River, SE Nigeria","authors":"M. I. Dosunmu, O. Oyo-ita, I. Oyo-Ita","doi":"10.15242/iicbe.c0316029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0316029","url":null,"abstract":"-The distribution and historical changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in recent sediment cores from the Imo River were investigated using gas chrimatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of total PAHs (TPAHs-sum of parent and alkyl) ranging from 402.37 ng/g dry weight (dw) at the surface layer of the Estuary zone (ESC6; 0-5 cm) to 92,388.59 ng/g dw at the near surface layer of the Afam zone (ASC5; 5-10 cm) indicate that PAHs contamination was localized not only between sample sites but also within the same cores. Sediment-depth profiles for the four (Afam, Mangrove, Estuary and illegal Petroleum refinery) cores revealed irregular distribution patterns in the TPAH concentrations except the fact that these levels became maximized at the near surface layers (5-10 cm) corresponding to a geological time-frame of about 1996-2004. This time scale coincided with the period of intensive bunkering and oil pipeline vandalization by the Niger Delta militant groups. Also a general slight decline was found in the TPAHs levels from near the surface layers (5-10 cm) to the most recent top layers (0-5 cm) of the cores, attributable to the recent effort by the Nigerian government in clamping down the illegal activity of the economic saboteurs. Therefore, the recent amnesty period granted the militant groups should be extended. Examination of perylene distributions down cores revealed natural biogenic (terrestrial), pyrogenic and petrogenic origins for the compound at different zones. Thus, the characteristic features of the Imo River environment provide a means of tracing diverse origins for perylene. Keywords--Distribution, historical trend, Imo River and perylene.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74297222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ammonia Emissions on Aerosol Formation in Northern and Central Europe","authors":"Anna M. Backes, A. Aulinger, J. Bieser, V. Matthias, M. Quante","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82772062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Non-Point Pollutants Removal Equipments Using Media with Bacillus sp.","authors":"Han-Seul Lee, Min-Koo Kang, Sang-Ill Lee","doi":"10.17640/kswst.2015.23.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17640/kswst.2015.23.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81407509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Sorption Behavior and Mass Transfer Properties of Four Central Africa Tropical Woods","authors":"M. S. Tagne, R. Rémond","doi":"10.4067/S0718-221X2016005000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2016005000020","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides the sorption isotherm, its hysteresis and their mass transfer properties of four Central Africa Tropical woods widely used for building construction: frake (Terminalia Superba), lotofa (Sterculia Rhinopetala), sapele (Entandrophragma Cylindricum) and ayous (Triplochiton Scleroxylon). Characterization of these four species in particular and Central Africa tropical woods in general were necessary to develop conservation and treatment of wood after first transformation using the drying. Also, moisture transport on wooden material used such as wall buildings can be facilitating to found the thermal comfort. Measurements of isotherms were performed using a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus (Surface Measurement Systems) at 20 and 40°C with air relative humidity ranged from 0% to 90%. Mass diffusivity was determined in steady state using a specific vaporimeter. Air permeability was determined using a specialized device developed to measure over a wide range of permeability values. Permeability and mass transfer properties were determined in the tangential direction with a ‘’false’’ quartersawn board (sapele and lotofa) and in the radial direction with a flatsawn board (ayous and frake). Samples of sapele, ayous and frake are heartwood when lotofa contains as well as heartwood than sapwood. Results obtained showed that the temperature effect on sorption behavior was quite low. We observed also a low difference between the sorption behavior of these different species and hysteresis of sorption decreases when temperature increases. Hailwood-Horrobin model’s explains plausibly the experimental sorption isotherms data. Results on characterization of mass transfer properties showed that, in the steady state, mass diffusivity decreases exponentially when basal density increases. Mass diffusivity was higher in desorption than in adsorption phase. The gaseous permeability of these species was between than those of Australian hardwoods and temperate woods. It was difficult to define a relationship between permeability and mass diffusivity.","PeriodicalId":23898,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76739815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}