Xenotransplantation最新文献

{"title":"Pilot Survey of Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation Among Nursing Students in London, UK.","authors":"Daniel Rodger, Luz A Padilla, Daniel J Hurst, David K C Cooper, Gilberto Buzzi, Antonio Ríos","doi":"10.1111/xen.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid organ xenotransplantation has been approved for clinical trials in the United States. Because of the role of nurses in patient decision-making, it is important to understand the attitudes of the future nursing workforce toward xenotransplantation. This pilot study aimed to investigate the attitudes of adult nursing students toward xenotransplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey design was used. The online pilot survey was completed by 33 undergraduate adult nursing students at one university in London, England. A minority of the hospitals that students may have had a clinical placement in had a transplant unit. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by the university research ethics panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two percent of students viewed xenotransplantation positively when the risks and outcomes were equal to allotransplantation. Students were most positive toward accepting a liver from an animal source and the most negative toward accepting a heart. There was limited concern about the potential psychosocial effects of xenotransplantation. Students believed that xenotransplantation involved several risks, including immunologic, infection, and raising religious, ethical, and philosophical problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While participants had a moderately positive view toward xenotransplantation when the risks and outcomes were equal to allotransplantation-this dropped significantly if it produced worse outcomes. Their primary concerns about xenotransplantation were its potential infection risks as well as the ethical, philosophical, and religious problems it raises. The fact that the source organs are genetically engineered made students view xenotransplantation more favorably.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 4","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressive and Non-Immunosuppressive Drugs for Heart Xenotransplantation in Humans: Is Europe Ready?","authors":"Nicola Pradegan, Annamaria Tolomeo, Diego Ciccarelli, Emanuele Cozzi, Antonio Vitiello, Andrea Zovi, Gino Gerosa","doi":"10.1111/xen.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenotransplantation is becoming an emerging field of interest for the treatment of end-stage heart disease. In fact, the shortage of human heart donors in European countries requires the increasing investigation of alternative strategies such as heart xenotransplantation. Among different limitations in this peculiar field, the experimental pharmacological management of patients who undergo heart xenotransplantation is primarily narrowed by the indications for which these drugs have been previously authorized by international medicines agencies. In fact, many of these medications have been never authorized for transplant rejection therapy, or for xenotransplantation, but their mechanism of action might stop the molecular pathways which are involved in xenograft antibody-mediated rejection. Additionally, drugs costs and supply can restrict their availability for xenotransplantation practice. The aim of this review is to describe the current drugs which have been used in the clinical cases of heart xenotransplantation performed to date, to analyze the indications for which they are authorized, and to evaluate the future medications which might be implemented in heart xenotransplantation field, with a particular focus on the European scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 4","pages":"e70061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12209706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Eculizumab and C1 Esterase Inhibitor on Human and Rhesus Monkey Complement.","authors":"Tianyi Hu, Hao Feng, Man Zhang, Jiaxiang Du, Yahui Huang, Jiang Zhang, Song Chen, Dengke Pan, Lan Zhu, Gang Chen","doi":"10.1111/xen.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complement inhibitors are important therapeutic drugs after xenotransplantation. However, it is still unclear whether the commonly used clinical complement inhibitors eculizumab and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) can effectively inhibit complement activation in nonhuman primates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anti-complement activities of eculizumab and C1-INH were evaluated using an in vitro model of normal human serum (NHS) or normal rhesus monkey serum (NRS)-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), with an immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell line (iPEC) as the target.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretreatment of the NHS with various doses of eculizumab potently inhibited the cell lysis of iPECs. FACS analysis showed that eculizumab potently suppressed the deposition of C5b-9, but not C3c and C4c, on iPECs. However, although eculizumab pretreatment of the NRS had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the killing of iPECs, the effect was much weaker than that for similarly treated NHS. Pretreatment of NHS and of NRS with C1-INH produced almost identical dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the killing of iPECs. At the highest concentration (10 IU/mL) of C1-INH used, the CDC was reduced by only about 75%. In addition, C1-INH had moderate inhibitory effects on the deposition of C3c, C4c, and C5b-9 in both humans and rhesus monkeys. When C1-INH was given intravenously to rhesus monkeys at a dose of 17.5 IU/kg, the serum-mediated cell lysis detected in vitro was only slightly reduced, and the maximum inhibition was about 20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inhibitory effect of eculizumab on human complement was significantly stronger than it was on rhesus monkey complement, showing obvious species specificity. The inhibitory effect of C1-INH on complement in humans and rhesus monkeys was similar, but a higher concentration of C1-INH was required in monkeys to achieve a significant inhibitory effect. These results provide a reference basis for the selection of complement inhibitors after clinical or preclinical xenotransplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 4","pages":"e70064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nationwide Assessment of Turkish Society's Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Sami Akbulut, Zeynep Kucukakcali, Ali Ozer, Cemil Colak","doi":"10.1111/xen.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess public perceptions, awareness, and attitudes toward xenotransplantation (XTx) and organ donation in Turkey by examining the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and religious factors to identify barriers and facilitators to organ donation and XTx acceptance METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted with 10 650 participants, selected through stratified sampling to ensure national representation. Data collection was performed via Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), with structured questionnaires designed to evaluate participants' perspectives on organ donation, XTx, and religious influences, and comparisons were made based on age groups, geographical region, sectarian affiliation, education level, belief categories, and economic status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Organ donation rates were low across all demographic groups, with notable differences by geographical region, education level, income, age, and religious beliefs. The highest organ donation rate was in Central Anatolia (0.9%), while Southeastern Anatolia had the lowest (0.0%) (p = 0.014). Higher education (p = 0.001) and income levels (p = 0.01) correlated with greater organ donation support. Younger individuals (18-24 years) were less religiously observant, while older participants (65+) displayed the highest religious adherence (p = 0.022). Acceptance of XTx from halal animals was highest in the Aegean region (43.0%) (p = 0.001) and among participants with lower religious adherence (27.4%) (p = 0.004). Approval for XTx from non-halal animals was significantly lower, particularly among highly religious individuals (23.9%). Awareness of XTx-related studies was lowest among participants aged 65+ (9.4%) (p < 0.001) and highest among Maliki participants (27.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and religious factors on public attitudes toward organ donation and XTx in Turkey. These findings offer critical insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals to design culturally adaptive strategies that improve organ donation rates and foster XTx acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection on Anti-Triple-Knockout (TKO) Pig Antibody Production: A Study in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease and Liver Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Liaoran Wang, Li Zhuang, Tao Li, Hidetaka Hara, David K C Cooper, Jianhang Leng, Dengke Pan, Shusen Zheng, Yi Wang, Xiao Xu, Qiang Wei","doi":"10.1111/xen.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 vaccination, with a focus on inactivated vaccines, on the production of anti-triple-knockout (TKO) pig antibodies, crucial for xenotransplantation. Although it is known that vaccination influences anti-pig antibody production, the specific effects of COVID-19 vaccines, particularly inactivated forms, remain underexplored. We analyzed serum samples from healthy individuals, patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), and liver transplant (LT) recipients to assess antibody binding to TKO pig cells. Our findings reveal a significant difference in anti-TKO pig antibody levels among healthy controls, ESLD patients, and LT recipients. A positive correlation was observed between SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-TKO pig IgG levels in ESLD patients. Additionally, LT recipients with active COVID-19 infection showed significantly higher levels of anti-TKO pig IgG antibodies. These results suggest that both inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and infection may potentially increase anti-TKO pig antibody production. This underscores the importance of closely monitoring anti-pig antibody levels in potential xenotransplant recipients following COVID-19 vaccination or infection, highlighting the need for further research to optimize xenotransplantation protocols in the post-pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Subclinical and Clinical Trials and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Kai Xing, Yuan Chang, Hao Jia, Jiangping Song","doi":"10.1111/xen.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organ transplantation remains the foremost effective intervention for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, the scarcity of donors has resulted in prolonged waiting times for countless patients globally. The advent of xenografts presents a promising solution to the organ shortage crisis. Although the utilization of xenografts has a long history, it is only in recent years that breakthroughs in genetically modified pigs have rendered successful xenotransplantation a feasible option. In the past 4 years, numerous subclinical and clinical trials have involved xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs to humans. However, the outcomes have been disappointing, necessitating a reassessment of basic and preclinical research to address the emerging challenges. Furthermore, immunosuppressive therapies remain essential in xenotransplantation. The range of immunosuppressive agents, encompassing traditional immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD154/CD40 monoclonal antibodies, exhibits considerable diversity. However, the most effective drug combination for achieving optimal efficacy remains elusive. This review will offer a succinct overview of the results from recent clinical and subclinical xenotransplantation trials. Moreover, it will highlight recent advancements in immunosuppressive strategies and discuss potential future research directions in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral Barrier to Preclinical and Clinical Xenotransplantation.","authors":"A Joseph Tector, Matt Tector, Sabrina Copsel, Zhang Yu Wang, Chris Burlak, Luz M Reyes, Jose L Estrada, Victor Novara Gennuso, Andrew B Adams","doi":"10.1111/xen.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenotransplantation is finally moving toward clinical application. Despite the progress in survival in preclinical models and the limited attempts at clinical heart transplantation, the initial problem of xenoreactive antibodies in human serum remains a proximal barrier to widespread success in preclinical and clinical settings. Detailed understanding of the pretransplant status of recipients in the preclinical as well as clinical setting is critical to moving the field forward. The differences in the pretransplant donor-specific antibody (DSA) levels in the preclinical and clinical models are outlined so that we can begin to think about the two scenarios in a complementary fashion and facilitate decision making for research priorities and movement into the clinical realm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation in South Korea: A 2023 Survey Study.","authors":"Hyeonji Jeon, Jungbeen Lee, Ivo Kwon","doi":"10.1111/xen.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xenotransplantation is a promising field to solve the problem of insufficient allograft and has been actively studied in Korea. However, there are a number of ethical, legal, and social issues to consider, and it is necessary to know the public attitudes regarding them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Computer Aided Web Interview consisting of 22 questionnaire items was conducted to investigate the attitudes of Korean related to xenotransplantation. Participants were selected from Hankook Research MS (Master Sample) panel. A total of 1007 sets of data were finally collected and analyzed with SPSS. A statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test and chi-square method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>72.9% of the respondents were positive about xenotransplantation, while 22.2% negative. 61.7% said that they would accept xenotransplantation for incurable diseases. 64.4% agreed with genetically modified pigs for organ resource. 61% agreed that the brain dead could be transplanted first for research purpose, while 32.7% disagreed. The ratio of response that the risk of zoonotic infection is important was 97.2%; the safety issue due to immunosuppression 98.7%; the human identity issue after transplantation 67.4%; and the animal right issue 51.6%. Men were more favorable to xenotransplantation than women on all but one item (stigmatization). There was no significant difference between religions except for the human identity issue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Korean people are favorable to xenotransplantation as a therapeutic option and also positive with the use of pig even genetically modified in spite of the issue of animal rights. They are also positive with the idea of using the brain dead as study subject for xenotransplantation, which is currently forbidden in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Hope for the Treatment of Severe Skin Injury: Genetically Engineered Porcine Skin Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Dan Wu, Xian-Sheng Zhao, Hong-Fang Zhao, Jia-Heng Xie, Hong-Jiang Wei, Ning-Wen Zhu","doi":"10.1111/xen.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatments of severe skin injuries have long been a clinical challenge. Early excision of necrotic tissue and skin grafting are essential, yet their effectiveness is hampered by several issues. Autologous and allogeneic skin shortages, the high cost of tissue-engineered skin, and its failure to fully mimic natural skin architecture limit treatment options. Porcine skin is the ideal donor for skin xenotransplantation. It closely resembles human skin in anatomical structure and physiological function, has abundant availability, and involves fewer ethical concerns. Gene-editing technologies allow for the genetic modification of pigs, minimizing xenogeneic immune rejection and zoonotic pathogen transmission risks, thus enhancing the scalability of porcine skin xenotransplantation. This article reviews advantages and limitations of porcine skin as a xenogeneic skin graft, along with the latest preclinical and clinical research on porcine skin xenotransplantation, with a particular emphasis on genetically modified pigs. It aims to highlight the significant potential of gene-edited porcine skin xenotransplantation in treating severe skin wounds. Insights from skin xenotransplantation can also serve as a valuable reference for the development of other organ xenotransplantation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03695939 and NCT06223269.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Validation of a Predictive Model for the Acceptance of Kidney Xenotransplantation by Medical Staff.","authors":"Shujun Yang, Hao Wei, Jiang Peng, Shengkun Sun, Panfeng Shang","doi":"10.1111/xen.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With gene editing technology and immunosuppressive drugs, kidney xenotransplantation has developed rapidly in recent years. However, as the most cutting-edge medical personnel, there are few reports on the acceptance and awareness of kidney xenotransplantation. This study conducted an online questionnaire survey on medical staff and constructed the first predictive model for the acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation by medical staff through univariate and multivariate analysis of each variable. Their acceptance rate is 72.8%, and it was found that the willingness to donate organs, awareness of kidney xenotransplantation, and residential areas are independent factors affecting their acceptance rate. In addition, the study also found that although healthcare workers have a high acceptance and willingness to share, their awareness of kidney xenotransplantation is relatively low. This reminds us that in order to increase public acceptance of xenotransplantation, the first step is to start with promoting xenotransplantation among medical personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"32 3","pages":"e70054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}