Xenotransplantation最新文献

{"title":"ECG Features in Orthotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Comparisons With Published Literature.","authors":"Chace B Mitchell, Joe Simmons, Sarah J Neal, David C Cleveland, Yaniv Bar-Cohen, John D Cleveland","doi":"10.1111/xen.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although there is a plethora of literature on electrocardiographic changes following cardiac allotransplantation, there is little in the field of cardiac xenotransplantation. The only published literature to date is that of the first pig-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we take a close look at the electrocardiographic parameters in four non-human primate recipients of orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation to develop baseline metrics for comparison.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantion was carried out in four non-human primate recipients. Electrocardiographic parameters were followed at various intervals using an internal hemodynamic monitoring system (DSI) as well as a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG intervals were then compared to published literature on porcine ECG intervals and pig-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences observed between timepoints for HR, PR, QRS, QT, or QTc after cardiac xenotransplantation for each animal subject. ECG parameters were statistically similar to those of in situ mini-pig hearts in the literature. ECG parameters from the DSI on average were shorter than those from a traditional ECG, however, DSI parameters were consistent over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate the possibility of conduction health for genetically engineered porcine donor hearts following cardiac xenotransplantation. Ongoing work to compare the results of an ECG in a porcine donor heart before and after implantation into a NHP is necessary to better characterize variables that may be at play in the function of the conduction system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 6","pages":"e70005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Assessment of Pleural Effusions After Orthotopic Pig-to-Baboon Cardiac Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Martin Bender, Julia Radan, Bruno Reichart, Maria Leuschen, Felicia Wall, Maren Mokelke, Elisabeth Neumann, Ines Buttgereit, David Ayares, Eckhard Wolf, Paolo Brenner, Jan-Michael Abicht, Matthias Längin","doi":"10.1111/xen.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pleural effusions develop frequently after cardiac surgery in humans. Lung ultrasound is an essential non-invasive tool in the diagnosis and treatment of these effusions. Pleural effusions also develop regularly after preclinical cardiac xenotransplantation experiments. Unlike in the human setting, modern ultrasound devices lack pre-installed tools for calculating the volume of pleural effusions in baboons. The aim of this study was to analyze ultrasound examinations of pleural effusions after orthotopic pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation experiments in order to develop a formula for calculating the effusion volume based on ultrasound measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hearts from seven genetically modified (GGTA1-KO, hCD46/hTBM transgenic) juvenile pigs were orthotopically transplanted into male baboons. Postoperatively, the baboons were tested regularly for the development of pleural effusions using ultrasound. When thoracocentesis was required, the drained effusion volume (EV) was compared to ultrasound-derived calculations using various formulas. These calculations were based on measuring the distance between lung and diaphragm at the effusions' maximum height (H_max). Subsequently, the most promising formula was used to describe the interobserver variability between trained and untrained staff members to predict effusion volumes based on ultrasound measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ultrasound measurement correlated very strongly with the absolute EV (r = 0.9156, p < 0.0001), with EV indexed to total body weight (r = 0.9344, p < 0.0001) and with EV indexed to body surface area (BSA) (r = 0.9394, p < 0.0001). The ratio between H_max and EV increased with total body weight and BSA and also depended on the baboon species. The sonographic measurements taken by an experienced and an inexperienced observer showed only low interobserver variability. A Bland-Altman plot of both observers' measurements showed an overall bias of -2.39%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound imaging provides a simple and non-invasive tool for measuring pleural effusion quantity in baboons. This facilitates simple and efficient monitoring even in the hands of untrained personnel and may guide the decision-making to perform thoracocentesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 6","pages":"e70006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Implications of Social Science Research on Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Johannes Kögel, Paulina Ernst, Jochen Sauermeister, Georg Marckmann","doi":"10.1111/xen.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social science research has generated extensive knowledge on xenotransplantation, encompassing the perspectives of actual and potential patients, other stakeholders, public opinion and debate, human-animal relationships, animal production and husbandry, bioeconomy, as well as biotechnology governance and regulation. We therefore convened social science researchers to discuss the latest developments in xenotransplantation research and practice in late 2023. Based on a brief workshop report, we aim to highlight the various ethical implications of this debate. After outlining the role of social science research in the ethical evaluation of xenotransplantation, we elaborate three critical points that may become pivotal in the future evolution of xenotransplantation: the framing of xenotransplantation in the clinical setting and in the public, the potential impact of religious beliefs on patients' transplant choices, and the consequences for the allotransplantation system if xenotransplantation becomes clinically established, including the allocation of allo- and xeno-organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 6","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenotransplantation Literature Update December 2023–June 2024","authors":"Shani Kamberi, Raphael P. H. Meier","doi":"10.1111/xen.12883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12883","url":null,"abstract":"This updated report highlights significant developments in the field of xenotransplantation since December 2023. Over the past 6 months, there has been a notable increase in discussions regarding the feasibility of clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their progression and associated ethical considerations. This review presents the most pertinent findings from December 2023 to June 2024.","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hendrik Jan (Henk) Schuurman, MSc, PhD (1950-2024): In Memoriam.","authors":"David K C Cooper, Hidetaka Hara, Dengke Pan, Leo H Buhler","doi":"10.1111/xen.12882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12882","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 5","pages":"e12882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Allosensitization Detrimental to Pig Organ Xenotransplantation, and Is Xenosensitization Detrimental to Subsequent Organ Allotransplantation? A Debate Organized by the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA).","authors":"Stuart Knechtle, Annette Jackson, Joseph Ladowski, Jean Kwun, Massimo Mangiola, A Joseph Tector, Léo H Bühler, Emanuele Cozzi, David K C Cooper","doi":"10.1111/xen.12884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report summarizes the content of a debate sponsored by eGenesis Bio, organized by the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA), and attended by more than 150 delegates in the context of the IPITA-IXA-CTRMS Joint Congress held in San Diego in October 2023. The debate centered around two important immunological topics relating to xenotransplantation. The first was a debate relating to the statement that \"HLA-sensitized patients are at higher risk for rejecting a pig xenograft.\" Stuart Knechtle provided evidence to support this statement and Massimo Mangiola opposed it. Before the debate, a majority (>80%) of the audience agreed with this statement. After listening to the debate, this percentage was reduced to approximately 60%. The second debated statement was \"Recipients of pig xenografts who develop anti-pig antibodies are at higher risk for rejecting a subsequent allograft.\" This was proposed by A. Joseph Tector and opposed by Léo H. Bühler. Before the debate, once again a majority of the audience (approximately 60%) believed that prior sensitization to a pig xenograft would be detrimental to the survival of a subsequent allograft. However, after listening to the debate, only about 40% believed this statement to be correct. The topics discussed remain complex and answers are not yet conclusive. However, the present evidence suggests that allosensitization may prove detrimental to subsequent xenotransplantation, whilst sensitization to pig antigens may not be detrimental to subsequent allotransplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 5","pages":"e12884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Controlling Inflammation and Coagulation in Pig-to-Baboon Cardiac Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Martin Bender, Bruno Reichart, Constanca Figueiredo, Jonathan M Burgmann, Maria Leuschen, Felicia Wall, Julia Radan, Elisabeth Neumann, Maren Mokelke, Ines Buttgereit, Sebastian Michel, Reinhard Ellgass, Stefanie Egerer, Andreas Lange, Andrea Baehr, Barbara Kessler, Elisabeth Kemter, Nikolai Klymiuk, Joachim Denner, Antonia W Godehardt, Ralf R Tönjes, Christian Hagl, Michaela Gebauer, Uli Binder, Arne Skerra, David Ayares, Eckhard Wolf, Michael Schmoeckel, Paolo Brenner, Matthias Längin, Jan-Michael Abicht","doi":"10.1111/xen.12877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12877","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Inflammatory responses and coagulation disorders are a relevant challenge for successful cardiac xenotransplantation on its way to the clinic. To cope with this, an effective and clinically practicable anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulatory regimen is needed. The inflammatory and coagulatory response can be reduced by genetic engineering of the organ-source pigs. Furthermore, there are several therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce inflammatory responses and coagulation disorders following xenotransplantation. However, it is still unclear, which combination of drugs should be used in the clinical setting. To elucidate this, we present data from pig-to-baboon orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation experiments using a combination of several anti-inflammatory drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Genetically modified piglets (GGTA1-KO, hCD46/hTBM transgenic) were used for orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation into captive-bred baboons (n = 14). All animals received an anti-inflammatory drug therapy including a C1 esterase inhibitor, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, a TNF-α inhibitor, and an IL-1 receptor antagonist. As an additive medication, acetylsalicylic acid and unfractionated heparin were administered. The immunosuppressive regimen was based on CD40/CD40L co-stimulation blockade. During the experiments, leukocyte counts, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as systemic cytokine and chemokine levels and coagulation parameters were assessed at multiple timepoints. Four animals were excluded from further data analyses due to porcine cytomegalovirus/porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) infections (n = 2) or technical failures (n = 2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Leukocyte counts showed a relevant perioperative decrease, CRP levels an increase. In the postoperative period, leukocyte counts remained consistently within normal ranges, CRP levels showed three further peaks after about 35, 50, and 80 postoperative days. Analyses of cytokines and chemokines revealed different patterns. Some cytokines, like IL-8, increased about 2-fold in the perioperative period, but then decreased to levels comparable to the preoperative values or even lower. Other cytokines, such as IL-12/IL-23, decreased in the perioperative period and stayed at these levels. Besides perioperative decreases, there were no relevant alterations observed in coagulation parameters. In summary, all parameters showed an unremarkable course with regard to inflammatory responses and coagulation disorders following cardiac xenotransplantation and thus showed the effectiveness of our approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our preclinical experience with the anti-inflammatory drug therapy proved that controlling of inflammation and coagulation disorders in xenotransplantation is possible and well-practicable under the condition that transmission of pathogens, especially of PCMV/PRV to the recipient is prevented because PCMV/PRV also induces inflam","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 4","pages":"e12877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Non-Gal Antibodies Against Porcine Protein Antigens as Barrier to Long-Term Grafting of Xenografts in Humans.","authors":"Uri Galili","doi":"10.1111/xen.12875","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.12875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 4","pages":"e12875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-day Static Cold Preservation of α1,3-Galactosyltransferase Knockout Kidney Grafts Before Simulated Xenotransplantation.","authors":"Mohammadreza Mojoudi, McLean Taggart, Ahmad Karadagi, Madeeha Hassan, Toshihide Tomosugi, Katsuhiro Tomofuji, Thomas Agius, Arnaud Lyon, Tsukasa Nakamura, Christopher Taveras, Ozge Sila Ozgur, Anil Kharga, Rudy Matheson, Leonardo V Riella, Shoko Kimura, Heidi Yeh, James F Markmann, Tatsuo Kawai, Korkut Uygun, Alban Longchamp","doi":"10.1111/xen.12879","DOIUrl":"10.1111/xen.12879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transplantation remains the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease but is critically limited by the number of available organs. Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become a promising solution to the loss of life while waiting for transplantation. However, the current clinical model for xenotransplantation will require off-site procurement, leading to a period of ischemia during transportation. As of today, there is limited understanding regarding the preservation of these organs, including the duration of viability, and the associated molecular changes. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the effects of static cold storage (SCS) on α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GGTA1 KO) kidney. After SCS, viability was further assessed using acellular sub-normothermic ex vivo perfusion and simulated transplantation with human blood. Compared to baseline, tubular and glomerular interstitium was preserved after 2 days of SCS in both WT and GGTA1 KO kidneys. Bulk RNA-sequencing demonstrated that only eight genes were differentially expressed after SCS in GGTA1 KO kidneys. During sub-normothermic perfusion, kidney function, reflected by oxygen consumption, urine output, and lactate production was adequate in GGTA1 KO grafts. During a simulated transplant with human blood, macroscopic and histological assessment revealed minimal kidney injury. However, GGTA1 KO kidneys exhibited higher arterial resistance, increased lactate production, and reduced oxygen consumption during the simulated transplant. In summary, our study suggests that SCS is feasible for the preservation of porcine GGTA1 KO kidneys. However, alternative preservation methods should be evaluated for extended preservation of porcine grafts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 4","pages":"e12879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive Surveillance of Porcine-Rhesus Kidney Xenotransplant Using Different Ultrasound Techniques.","authors":"Ruochen Qi, Shuaijun Ma, Shichao Han, Guohui Wang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Kepu Liu, Yuanyuan Sun, Xue Gong, Ming Yu, Xuan Zhang, Xiaojian Yang, Kefeng Dou, Weijun Qin","doi":"10.1111/xen.12873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Significant progress has been made in kidney xenotransplantation in the past few years, and this field is accelerating towards clinical translation. Therefore, surveillance of the xenograft with appropriate tools is of great importance. Ultrasonography has been widely used in kidney allotransplantation and served as an economical and non-invasive method to monitor the allograft. However, questions remain whether the ultrasonographic criteria established for human kidney allograft could also be applied in xenotransplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, we established a porcine-rhesus life sustaining kidney xenotransplantation model. The xenograft underwent intensive surveillance using gray-scale, colorful Doppler ultrasound as well as 2D shear wave elastography. The kidney growth, blood perfusion, and cortical stiffness were measured twice a day. These parameters were compared with the clinical data including urine output, chemistry, and pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observation continued for 16 days after transplantation. Decline of urine output and elevated serum creatinine were observed on POD9 and biopsy proven antibody-mediated rejection was seen on the same day. The xenograft underwent substantial growth, with the long axis length increased by 32% and the volume increased by threefold at the end of observation. The resistive index of the xenograft arteries elevated in response to rejection, together with impaired cortical perfusion, while the peak systolic velocity (PSV) was not compromised. The cortical stiffness also increased along with rejection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, the ultrasound findings of kidney xenograft shared similarities with those in allograft but possessed some unique features. A modified criteria needs to be established for further application of ultrasound in kidney xenotransplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23866,"journal":{"name":"Xenotransplantation","volume":"31 4","pages":"e12873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}