World Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Meaning in life is a fundamental protective factor in the context of psychopathology.","authors":"Michael F Steger","doi":"10.1002/wps.20916","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wps.20916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453886/pdf/WPS-21-389.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe breakthrough COVID-19 infections in vaccinated patients with schizophrenia in Israel.","authors":"Dana Tzur Bitan, Noga Givon-Lavi, Khalaf Kridin, Ehud Kaliner, Israel Krieger, Arnon Dov Cohen, Orly Weinstein","doi":"10.1002/wps.21028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21028","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with schizophrenia show a substantial reduction in risk of COVID-19 severe illness and related mortality when vaccinated, as compared to non-vaccinated samples. However, the emergence of new variants and the increased frequency of breakthrough infections, especially among vulnerable groups, raise questions regarding the long-term effectiveness of vaccines in reducing overall morbidity and mortality in these patients. To explore whether vaccinated individuals with schizophrenia present a higher risk for breakthrough infections, severe course of illness, and mortality, compared with vaccinated controls from the general population, we utilized the database of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest health care organization in Israel. The database was mined at the end of November 2021, almost a year after the launch of the vaccination plan in Israel, and after the fourth infection wave in Israel began to subside. There were 2,233 individuals infected in the total sample (4.59%), with 1,019 in the schizophrenia group (4.18%) and 1,214 in the control group (5.01%). A total of 210 individuals were hospitalized due to COVID-19 (0.43%), including 164 (0.67%) from the schizophrenia group and 47 (0.19%) from the control group. There were 29 deceased cases (0.05%) due to COVID-19, including 23 from the schizophrenia group (0.09%) and 6 from the control group (0.02%). Overall, the results suggest that vaccinated patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization than are controls from the general population, even after controlling for demographic and clinical factors, and even when accounting for the extent of vaccination coverage through matching. Furthermore, although the overall mortality rates in the total sample were low and therefore affected the magnitude of incidence rate differences between the groups, mortality cases were more frequent in the schizophrenia group, and the RR tended to increase during the fourth infection wave. The increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes for vaccinated individuals with schizophrenia during infection waves highlights the importance of conducting longitudinal studies to continuously monitor the extent of risk for patients with severe mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout: a case for its formal inclusion in classification systems.","authors":"Gordon Parker, Gabriela Tavella","doi":"10.1002/wps.21025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21025","url":null,"abstract":"467 governments to formulate rational policies through evidencebased decision-making and help adapt global recommendations to local contexts for the entire range of mental health actions. National Mental Health Technical Advisory Groups should comprise multidisciplinary groups of national experts (e.g., academics and health care professionals, scientific societies and non-governmental organizations, and representatives from civil society). They could collect, review, assess and organize scientific evidence on specific mental health-related topics; offer specialized technical and operational assistance to improve levels of implementation; and provide a monitoring function to maintain momentum towards agreed-upon targets and goals, and suggest course corrections when needed. The WHO could perhaps recommend that countries establish such bodies through the World Health Assembly resolution towards the attainment of the WHO Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030 goals (the number of Technical Advisory Groups established or strengthened could itself serve as a target for global mental health response). The WHO and its partners (including funding agencies) could support countries to establish their Technical Advisory Group, network it with local and regional collaborators, and strengthen its capacity to use evidence-based processes for decision-making aligned with international standards. Will WHO come forward to assist countries in developing the technical capacity that is sorely needed in LMIC capitals, from New Delhi to Maseru? The new World Mental Health Report is a welcome opportunity to harness and catalyze the growing momentum towards applying the large body of scientific evidence to achieve a scaling up of effective interventions for mental health and well-being globally and specifically in low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453885/pdf/WPS-21-467.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and chances for mental health care in the 21st century.","authors":"Andreas Heinz, Shuyan Liu","doi":"10.1002/wps.21006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wps.21006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453898/pdf/WPS-21-423.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems-based approaches to mental disorders are the only game in town.","authors":"Denny Borsboom, Jonas M B Haslbeck, Donald J Robinaugh","doi":"10.1002/wps.21004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wps.21004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453900/pdf/WPS-21-420.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research.","authors":"Charles F Reynolds, Dilip V Jeste, Perminder S Sachdev, Dan G Blazer","doi":"10.1002/wps.20996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20996","url":null,"abstract":"The world's population is aging, bringing about an ever‐greater burden of mental disorders in older adults. Given multimorbidities, the mental health care of these people and their family caregivers is labor‐intensive. At the same time, ageism is a big problem for older people, with and without mental disorders. Positive elements of aging, such as resilience, wisdom and prosocial behaviors, need to be highlighted and promoted, both to combat stigma and to help protect and improve mental health in older adults. The positive psychiatry of aging is not an oxymoron, but a scientific construct strongly informed by research evidence. We champion a broader concept of geriatric psychiatry – one that encompasses health as well as illness. In the present paper, we address these issues in the context of four disorders that are the greatest source of years lived with disability: neurocognitive disorders, major depression, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. We emphasize the need for implementation of multidisciplinary team care, with comprehensive assessment, clinical management, intensive outreach, and coordination of mental, physical and social health services. We also underscore the need for further research into moderators and mediators of treatment response variability. Because optimal care of older adults with mental disorders is both patient‐focused and family‐centered, we call for further research into enhancing the well‐being of family caregivers. To optimize both the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy, further attention to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological tolerability is much needed, together with further development and testing of medications that reduce the risk for suicide. At the same time, we also address positive aging and normal cognitive aging, both as an antidote to ageism and as a catalyst for change in the way we think about aging per se and late‐life mental disorders more specifically. It is in this context that we provide directions for future clinical care and research.","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453913/pdf/WPS-21-336.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide population-based cohort study.","authors":"Lin Li,&nbsp;Zheng Chang,&nbsp;Jiangwei Sun,&nbsp;Miguel Garcia-Argibay,&nbsp;Ebba Du Rietz,&nbsp;Maja Dobrosavljevic,&nbsp;Isabell Brikell,&nbsp;Tomas Jernberg,&nbsp;Marco Solmi,&nbsp;Samuele Cortese,&nbsp;Henrik Larsson","doi":"10.1002/wps.21020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulating evidence suggests a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases among individuals with mental disorders, but very little is known about the risk for overall and specific groups of cardiovascular diseases in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the prospective associations between ADHD and a wide range of cardiovascular diseases in adults. In a nationwide population-based cohort study, we identified 5,389,519 adults born between 1941 and 1983, without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, from Swedish registers. The study period was from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2013. Incident cardiovascular disease events were identified according to ICD codes. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression model, with ADHD as a time-varying exposure. After an average 11.80 years of follow-up, 38.05% of individuals with ADHD versus 23.57% of those without ADHD had at least one diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (p<0.0001). ADHD was significantly associated with increased risk of any cardiovascular disease (HR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.98-2.13) after adjusting for sex and year of birth. Further adjustments for education level, birth country, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, sleep problems and heavy smoking attenuated the association, which however remained significant (HR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.77-1.91). Further adjustment for psychiatric comorbidities attenuated but could not fully explain the association (HR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.59-1.71). The strongest associations were found for cardiac arrest (HR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.81-2.87), hemorrhagic stroke (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.68-2.77), and peripheral vascular disease/arteriosclerosis (HR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.76-2.38). Stronger associations were observed in males and younger adults, while comparable associations were found among individuals with or without psychotropic medications and family history of cardiovascular diseases. These data suggest that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. They highlight the importance of carefully monitoring cardiovascular health and developing age-appropriate and individualized strategies to reduce the cardiovascular risk in individuals with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453905/pdf/WPS-21-452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on WPA Scientific Meetings.","authors":"Edmond H Pi","doi":"10.1002/wps.21014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453922/pdf/WPS-21-477.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the activities of the WPA Secretary for Publications.","authors":"Michel Botbol","doi":"10.1002/wps.21019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453894/pdf/WPS-21-479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The WPA Scientific Sections: a global resource for education, research and care.","authors":"Thomas G Schulze","doi":"10.1002/wps.21011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23858,"journal":{"name":"World Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":73.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453902/pdf/WPS-21-474.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}