Wiadomosci parazytologiczne最新文献

{"title":"[Use of the presence of cellulose in cellular wall of Acanthamoeba cysts for diagnostic purposes].","authors":"Monika Derda,&nbsp;Edward Hadaś","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species identification within the genus Acanthamoeba is based predominantly on morphological and biochemical features. It is labor-intensive and requires cloning and axenization. We described a novel immunocytochemical method for the identification of Acanthamoeba spp. based on selective binding of Clostridium cellulovorans cellulase to protozoan cyst wall cellulose. Free-living amoebae isolated from different water sources by filtration and subsequent cultivation on non-nutrient agar were assigned to genera Acanthamoeba, Naegleria or Hartmannella using morphological taxonomic criteria. Tissues samples from experimentally infected mice were fixed in formalin and for sectioning embedded in paraffin or snap frozen. The Cellulose-Binding Domain of C. cellulovorans cellulase (CBD) obtained as a recombinant protein, were coupled to the fluorescent dye using Alexa Fluor350, 488, 568 - Protein Labelling Kit or labelled with the biotin using EZ-Link Sulfo-NHS-Biotin. All coupling procedures were performed according to the methods provided by manufacturers. For staining with CBD conjugate, slides containing cysts collected from the agar plates or tissue sections were immersed with PBS and incubated with CBD for 30 min at room temperature, washed 3 times with PBS. For staining with CBD-biotin slides containing cysts were incubated with biotinylated CBD for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequent washings in changes of PBS were followed by the incubation with Strept ABComplex/HRP, for 30 min at room temperature, than 3,3 diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride was added for 15 min. Slides were rinsed with water, dried and examined in the light microscope. We showed that cellulose could be easily detected by immunofluorescence using conjugated CBD in the inner cyst wall of Acanthamoeba spp. The reference strains of Acanthamoeba spp. and all Acanthamoeba strains isolated from water and from tissues of infected animals gave positive reaction. CBD prepared as a biotynylated protein can be also used for the demonstration of Acanthamoeba cyst in infected tissues and environmental samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28288761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Animal reservoirs of human virulent microsporidian species].","authors":"Anna Słodkowicz-Kowalska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of the present study was to determined the occurrence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. hellem, E. cuniculi, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Poland in animal faecal using the FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) and multiplex FISH techniques. Additional objectives included: (1) identification of animal hosts of microsporidia that are infectious to humans amongst free-ranging, captive, livestock and domestic animals; (2) a molecular analysis of randomly selected parasite isolates and determination of their zoonotic potential; (3) evaluation of the role of animals in the dissemination of microsporidia spores in the environment, and an estimation of the potential risk of infection for other animals and humans. A total of 1340 faecal samples collected from 178 species of animals were examined using conventional staining (chromotrope-2R and calcofluor white M2R staining) and molecular techniques (FISH and multiplex FISH techniques). Microsporidian spores were detected in 33 faecal samples (2.5%) obtained from 17 animal species. Microsporidia were demonstrated more often in birds (6.1%) than in mammals (0.7%); the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). In addition, the prevalence of microsporidian infections in waterfowl was significantly higher than the prevalence of microsporidian infections in other animals (p < 0.03). Animal reservoirs of human infectious microsporidia were disclosed in six of 38 sites where faecal samples were taken from animals. Three species of human virulent microsporidia were identified in animals. Spores of E. hellem were found in 25 faecal samples (1.9%) taken from 12 bird species (6 zoo bird species, 4 free-ranging bird species, 2 livestock bird species). Spores of E. intestinalis were identified in five faecal samples (0.4%) taken from two livestock bird species and two zoo mammal species. In turn, E. bieneusi spores were detected only in three faecal samples (0.2%) taken from three zoo mammal species. It was demonstrated that the new hosts of E. hellem are the following bird species: mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), greyleg goose (Anser anser), mute swan (Cygnus olor), black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus), black swan (Cygnus atratus), coscoroba swan (Coscoroba coscoroba), black-crowned crane (Balearica pavonina), nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica) and carrion crow (Corvus cornix). In addition, E. hellem was found for the first time in birds from the Anseriformes and Gruiformes orders. Whereas E. intestinalis was disclosed for the first time in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica), red ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata rubra) and the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), while the black lemur (Eulemur macaco flavifrons), mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz) and the Visayan warty pig (Sus cebifrons negrinus) were first found to carry E. bieneusi. The mammal species that were found to carry E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis are included in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Spec","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 1","pages":"63-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28288765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A record of Crenosoma vulpis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Crenosomatidae) from the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.) from Poland.","authors":"Marcin Popiołek,&nbsp;Hubert Jarnecki,&nbsp;Tomasz Łuczyński","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three specimens of the nematode Crenosoma vulpis (Rudolphi, 1819) were isolated from the lungs of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles L.) found dead on a road in the north-western part of Wrocław (Lower Silesia, SW. Poland) in August 2008. Since this is the first record of the parasite in the badger from Poland, description, biometrical data and figures are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 4","pages":"437-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28760669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality of the ectoparasite community of woodland rodents in a Mazurian Forest, Poland.","authors":"Philip D Harris,&nbsp;Anna Paziewska,&nbsp;Lucyna Zwolińska,&nbsp;Edward Siński","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis support a large and diverse community of arthropod ectoparasites. This study of rodents in a Mazurian woodland sampled at monthly intervals between 2007 and 2009 revealed an ectoparasite community composed of 2 species of tick, 1 louse, 9 flea species, 7 species of gamasid mites, 4 fur mites and one trombiculid mite. A strong seasonality was noted in the dynamics of the ectoparasite community, with the fur mite Listrophorus sp. and the hypopus larva of a glycyphagid mite especially common in winter. Several of the ectoparasites have the potential to be pathogenic; the impact of these organisms on the population dynamics of their hosts remains to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 4","pages":"377-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28760721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.--environmental studies in Poland].","authors":"Anna Bajer,&nbsp;Małgorzata Bednarska,&nbsp;Edward Siński","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are intestinal protozoan parasites of humans and many other species of mammals. The aim of this article was to summarize the last twenty years of research on the environmental distribution of these parasites, with a particular emphasis on the natural reservoir of invasion and human infections in Poland. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia has been studied in different groups of humans, in wildlife, pets and farm animals and in environmental samples. Current knowledge on the distribution of zoonotic and non-zoonotic species/genotypes in reservoir hosts and environmental samples has been summarized. The usefulness of different methods for the detection and identification of the parasites in different types of samples has been presented. Due to the wide distribution and high prevalence of both species in a range of hosts and possible vectors involved in mechanical transmission, the overall risk of outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis in Poland has been assessed as relatively high.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 4","pages":"301-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28759249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Presence of Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis wakefieldiae DNA in the extrapulmonary tissues of immunocompromised laboratory rats].","authors":"Elzbieta Gołab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi of the genus Pneumocystis are opportunistic pathogens which cause lethal pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Those fungi may also invade other visceral organs where they induce lesions, although, the pathways or mechanisms of the in vivo infection are still unknown. The corticosteroid-treated rat model was used to evaluate the course of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. Liver, kidney, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of 16 rats were examined for the presence of mtLSU gene fragments of P. carinii and P. wakefieldiae using the nested PCR method. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 26 organ samples of which 17 contained both species (P. carinii and P. wakefieldiae) and 9 contained only P. carinii. Positive samples were received from 10 rats examined after 6-9 weeks of immunosuppression. The highest percentage of positive samples (62.5%) was obtained among examined visceral lymph nodes. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in the blood serum of two rats with no traces of the DNA in their internal organs. Conversely, Pneumocystis DNA was found in the internal organs of two other rats, although their serum samples were negative. The average number of Pneumocystis cysts in the lungs of animals in which extrapulmonary infection was detected was 3.4 per one microscopic view field. In the case of animals where the infection was limited to the lung tissue this number was almost two times lower (1.8 cysts per one microscopic view field). An analysis of the results of the presently reported experiment showed that massive Pneumocystis infection in the lungs makes it more likely that Pneumocystis will spread to other internal organs. This spread probably takes place via the lymphatic vessels. The extrapulmonary foci may contain either P. carinii alone, or both pathogens: P. carinii and P. wakefieldiae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 2","pages":"167-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40026735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of isolation method of Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (Ascaridida: Anisakidae) eggs on embryonic development and the number of larvae hatched.","authors":"Janina Dziekońska-Rynko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the isolation of C. rudolphii eggs using various methods and evaluated their course of embryogenesis and the number of larvae hatched. The pressing of eggs from the earlier-isolated uteruses was conducted in Petri dishes using bent preparatory needles to obtain eggs for a control culture. The experimental cultures contained incubated mature females in a culture medium which had been homogenized and digested by proteases. In the first experimental cultures, the females were incubated for three days at 40 degrees C in 10-ml plastic flasks. Eage's medium with the addition of 1% pepsin (pH 2) and 20% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum was used as an incubation fluid. In the second method, the suspension of females homogenized with a blender was centrifuged for 3 minutes at 1000 rpm, the supernatant was removed and the sediment was then rinsed with a PS. In the third method, an attempt was undertaken to collect eggs by digestion of mature females with 0.1% and 1% aqueous solutions of pepsin adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N HCl, as well as in 0.1% and 1% solutions of trypsin prepared in a Sörensen buffer (pH 7.6). The suspension obtained after complete digestion and still containing eggs was purified from proteases by washing several times with PS. In turn, no eggs were isolated by using the method of incubation of females in a culture medium nor by digestion with pepsin. The method of homogenization of whole nematodes resulted in egg damage. The best method of egg isolation was digestion with a 0.1% solution of trypsin. When the digestion was conducted with a 1% trypsin solution, the arrestment of embryogenesis was observed in a considerable percentage of the eggs, whereas eggs thecae were left by 31% of the larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 4","pages":"371-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28760720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The important zoonoses in the protected areas of the Tatra National Park (TANAP).","authors":"Zuzana Hurníková,&nbsp;Martina Miterpáková,&nbsp;Barbara Chovancová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northern part of Slovakia constitutes an important tourist and recreational area of the country. Protected localities of the Tatra National Park (TANAP) are characterised by specific ecological conditions. The high numbers of animals inhabiting protected areas of the TANAP and their potential encounters with tourists contribute to a risk of transmission of important parasitic zoonoses. The aim of presently reported study was to perform a long-lasting and detailed survey on the occurrence of zoonotic agents (in particular Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spp.) with particular emphasis on the interactions between the environment, the host, and the parasite as well as the adaptation mechanisms in individual ecosystems. Within the pilot part of the study, which started in 2007, in total 397 samples of wild predators representing 10 species belonging to families Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae were investigated. Helminthological necropsy (modified sedimentation and counting technique) and artificial digestion method were used for the parasites detection. Multiplex PCR approach has been used for species identification of Trichinella isolates obtained from infected animals. E. multilocularis was found in 42.7% of foxes and 1 raccoon dog. Trichinella larvae were present in 16.7% of foxes, 37.9% of martens, 33.3% of polecats, 1 bear and 1 lynx. All animals were infected by T. britovi.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 4","pages":"395-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28760723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The first record of the lungworm, Metastrongylus asymmetricus (Noda, 1973), in the wild boar from Poland].","authors":"Paweł Nosal,&nbsp;Piotr Morawski,&nbsp;Jerzy Kowal,&nbsp;Bogusław Nowosad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 17 wild boars (Sus scrofa) shot in the Miechów hunting area (southern Poland) during two consecutive winters of 2008, were surveyed for the presence of lung nematodes of the genus Metastrongylus. The animals were necropsied, their lungs removed, divided into smaller parts and examined along the bronchial tubes. The parasites found were identified based on their morphologic characters. The prevalence of the lungworms reached 76.5%, and all of the 13 infected animals harboured two (one boar) or more parasite species. The mean number of parasites in an individual boar was 58.7, ranging from 6 to 250 specimens. Out of 250 identified lungworms, 48.8% was identified as M. pudendotectus, 32.8% were M. elongatus, and 14.0% belonged to M. salmi, whereas 4.4% (i.e. 10 females and 2 males) were M. asymmetricus. Until recently, only four Metastrongylus species have been recorded from Poland, namely M. elongatus, M. pudendotectus, M. salmi and M. confusus. The presently reported finding of M. asymmetricus constitutes the first record of this species in Poland.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 3","pages":"227-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28086382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An attempt of experimental infection of fishes and chickens with invasive larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda, Protostrongylidae)].","authors":"Izabela Kuligowska,&nbsp;Aleksander W Demiaszkiewicz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elaphostrongylus cervi is a parasite of skeletal muscles and central nervous system of wild and farm red deer in Europe and Asia. Numerous species of terrestrial snails can be its intermediate hosts. Considering the fact that invasive larvae of E. cervi are released by deer to the external environment in huge numbers, fishes and birds can be accidentally infect by them. In this study the development of larvae E. cervi in those nonspecific hosts was discussed. It was determined that invasive larvae of E. cervi in the digestive tract of fish do not penetrate the intestinal wall, do not develop any further, and are probably digested. Similarly, those larvae given to chicken are also incapable of breaking the gut barrier and are digested. In all infected animals, the phenomenon of parathenia has not been observed and the meat of the animals studied poses not threat to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23835,"journal":{"name":"Wiadomosci parazytologiczne","volume":"55 3","pages":"219-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28085236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}