World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Heavy Minerals Distribution in the Recent Stream Sediments of Diyala River Basin, Northeastern Iraq","authors":"Abbas R. Ali, Daroon Hasan Khorsheed","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2015.124099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2015.124099","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty one samples of stream sediments were collected from the Diyala River Basin (DRB), which represent one of three major tributaries of the Tigris River at northeastern Iraq. This study is concerned with the heavy minerals (HM) analysis in the + 63μ m fraction of the Diyala River sediments, distribution pattern in the various river basin sectors, as well as comparing the present results with previous works. The metastable heavy minerals (epidote, staurolite, garnet) represent more than (30%) Whereas the unstable heavy minerals (pyroxene and amphibole) make only about ( 19 %). Opaque's are present in high proportions reaching about (29%) as an average, and decreasing southwards. The Ultra stable (zircon, tourmaline, rutile) heavy minerals are the miner constituents (7%) in the sediments. According to the laboratory analytical data of heavy mineral distributions the studied sediments are derived from several sources for the heavy minerals including igneous Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2015 , p.p(415-438) ISSN 1992 – 0849 Web Site: www.kujss.com Email: kirkukjoursci@yahoo.com, kirkukjoursci@gmail.com 417 metamorphic and sedimentary complexes are found in northeastern Iraq that represent by Walash – Nawpordan Series and Mawat complexes in Zagros zones. As well as the detritus sediments transferred from the rock formations that appears in different parts of the basin, which represented by Fatha(upper Miocene), Injana(Middle Miocene ), Muqdadiya (lower Pliocene), Bai Hassan (upper Pliocene), Kolosh (Paleocene-Early Eocene) and Gercus (Middle Eocene) formations, which were derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks and ancient sedimentary rocks located in to the northeast of Iraq .The presence of Zircon and Tourmaline in trace amounts may give an indication for the weak role of acidic rocks in the source area, whereas the Epidote group minerals give an indication for the role of metamorphic rocks.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88728520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Marwit Rod El Leqah Quartz Deposits As A Strategic Source of High Purity Quartz","authors":"S. Ibrahim, M. Shahien, Ali Quarny seliem, Mostafa R. Abukhadra","doi":"10.4236/GEP.2015.37005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/GEP.2015.37005","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of Marwit Rod El Leqah deposit as pegmatite high purity quartz source for advanced applications was conducted through the geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies. Elemental analysis of a representative quartz sample showed that the quartz deposits were classified as medium purity quartz with 99.575% average SiO2 content and about 0.422% (4220 ppm) of accompanied mineral. Field study and petrography investigation using optical polarized transmitted microscope and reflected light microscope revealed that these impurities were mainly found as solid particulates of iron oxide, muscovite, rutile, orthoclase, granitic rafts, and as fluid inclusions as well. Moreover, structural undesirable trace elements were also presented in the quartz sample.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82829901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and Mineralogical Characters of the Coastal Plain Sediments of the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait","authors":"Adel Ahmed Aly Elhabab, Ibrahim El Adsani","doi":"10.4172/2329-6755.1000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6755.1000137","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with detailed geochemical and mineralogical studies of the coastal plain sediments formed along the shoreline of the Arabian Gulf area, Kuwait. These deposits are mainly fluviomarine and beach sands. The coastal plain deposits of the central Kuwait shoreline zone were found to consist of average medium-grained sand. The sand composed, on average of about 90% sand, and about 10% or less is mud, and has a unimodal distribution with a mode of medium sand (1-2 N„). The sediments consists mainly quartz, Feldspar, clay minerals with carbonate minerals (detritus calcite and dolomite) and rock fragments (chart). The mineralogy of the clay fractions of the sediments is dominated by illite, palygorskite, mixed layer illite-montmorillonite with minor amounts of chlorite and Kaolinite. Heavy minerals are concentrated in the very fine sand fraction and are dominated by opaque minerals, and non opaque minerals which represented by amphiboles, pyroxenes, epidotes, dolomite, zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet and other which represented by Staurolite, Kyanite, Andalusite and Sillimenite as a trace amounts. The chemical analysis for the detrital amphibole grains from sandstone of coastal plain sediments shows the following features; the grains which have (Na + K) 0.50 its composition have wide variation and on the (Na + K) -AlIV diagram can be characterized two association: Association 1 which characterized by low amount of AlIV and low amount of (Na + K), by comparing the chemical composition of this association and the chemical composition of amphibole grains from older basement rock, can, these association may be derived from metamorphic source rocks and association 2 which characterized by high amount of AlIV and low amount of (Na + K), which may be derived from volcanic source rocks.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87588181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Contribution on Particles Formed on Pacific Ocean: From Phytoplankton Blooms to Climate","authors":"P. Vaattovaara, Luke T. Cravigan, Z. Ristovski, M. Mallet, A. Laaksonen, S. Lawson, N. Talbot, G. Olivares, M. Harvey, C. Law","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1092158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1092158","url":null,"abstract":"These SOAP project Pacific Ocean measurements reveal that phytoplankton blooms with sunny conditions make possible secondary organic contribution to ultrafine particles size and composition, and thus on cloud formation ability, and finally on climate. This is in agreement with other biologically active region observations about the presence of secondary organics even the exact fraction is also depending on the local marine life (e.g. plankton blooms, seaweeds, corals). An organic contribution is clearly needed to add to CLAW hypothesis. Keywords—Climate, marine aerosols, phytoplankton, secondary organics, CLAW hypothesis. I. INTRODUCTION ARINE biologically active regions (e.g., coasts, ice edges, frontal regions and open water areas with plankton blooms) are known to produce a range of compounds that interact with atmosphere affecting directly and indirectly particle production, composition, and wider properties of the marine atmosphere. Whilst the CLAW (Charlson, Lovelock, Andreae and Warren) hypothesis (1) supports the idea of the importance of marine biological activity on ultrafine (d<100nm) particle composition and effects through secondary sulphate production via DMS, this hypothesis does not take into account the secondary organic fraction in the composition of the ultrafine particles even though the aerosols are elsewhere typically known to consist of both organic and inorganic compounds whose relative ratios strongly depend on the environmental conditions, where the emissions of various gases and particles define the overall compositions and properties of ultrafine particles. So far, recent observations about the presence of a remarkable marine-origin secondary organic fraction in","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"725-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90751772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Fuel Properties of Six Tropical Hardwood Timber Species for Briquettes","authors":"S. J. Mitchual, K. Frimpong-Mensah, N. Darkwa","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2014.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2014.41001","url":null,"abstract":"The fuel potential of six tropical hardwood \u0000species namely: Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra, Aningeria \u0000robusta, Terminalia superba, Celtis mildbreadii and Piptadenia africana were studied. \u0000Properties studied included species density, gross calorific value, volatile \u0000matter, ash content, organic carbon and elemental composition. Fuel properties \u0000were determined using standard laboratory methods. The result indicates \u0000that the gross calorific value (GCV) of the species ranged from 20.16 to 22.22 \u0000MJ/kg and they slightly varied from each other. Additionally, the GCV of the \u0000biomass materials were higher than that of other biomass materials like; wheat \u0000straw, rice straw, maize straw and sugar cane. The ash and volatile matter \u0000content varied from 0.6075 to 5.0407%, and 75.23% to 83.70% respectively. The \u0000overall rating of the properties of the six biomass materials suggested that Piptadenia africana has the best fuel \u0000property to be used as briquettes and Aningeria robusta the worse. This study therefore suggests that a holistic \u0000assessment of a biomass material needs to be done before selecting it for fuel \u0000purpose.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84032639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and Kinetic Analysis during Vermicomposting of Sewage Sludge","authors":"A. Nayak, Kondusamy Dhamodharan, A. Kalamdhad","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1336466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1336466","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed at alteration of sewage sludge into stable compost product using vermicomposting of sewage sludge mixed with cattle manure and saw dust in five different proportions based on C/N ratios (C/N 15 (R1), 20 (R2), 25 (R3) and 30 (R4); and control (R5)) by employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Higher reductions in C/N ratio, CO2 evolution and OUR were observed in R4 demonstrated the compost stability. In addition, R4 proved to be best combination for the growth of the earthworms. In order to observe the optimal degradation, kinetics for degradation of organic matter in vermicomposting were quantitatively evaluated. An approach model was developed by assuming that composting process is carried out in a homogeneous way and the kinetics for decomposition reaction is represented by a Monod-type equation. The results exhibit comparable variations in the kinetic constants Km and K3 under varying parameters during vermicomposting process. Results suggested that higher R value in R4, enhanced suitability towards Lineweaver-Burke plot. R4 yields higher degradability coefficient (K) reveals that the occurrence of optimal nutrient balance, which not only enhanced the affinity of enzymes towards substrate but also improved its degradation process. Therefore, it can be proved that R4 provided to be the best feed combination for vermicomposting process as compared to other reactors. Keywords—Vermicomposting, Eisenia fetida, Sewage sludge, C/N ratio, Stability, Enzyme kinetics concept.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"70 1","pages":"707-715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85062255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-Specific Approach for Seismic Design Spectra in Iran, Based On Recent Major Strong Ground Motions","authors":"D. Nourzadeh, Majid Ebad-Sichani, S. Takada","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1088968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1088968","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread use of response spectra in seismic design and evaluation of different types of structures makes them one of the most important seismic inputs. This importance urges the local design codes to adapt precise data based on updated information about the recent major earthquakes happened and also localized geotechnical data. In this regard, this paper derives the response spectra with a geotechnical approach for various scenarios coming from the recent major earthquakes happened in Iran for different types of hard soils, and compares the results to the corresponding spectra from the current seismic code. This comparison implies the need for adapting new design spectra for seismic design, because of major differences in the frequency domains and amplifications. Keywords—Earthquake engineering, response spectra, seismic design, site response.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82075382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Water Management for Lafarge Cement-Jordan","authors":"A. Hamaideh, A. Al-Omari, M. Sturm","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1088196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1088196","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at implementing integrated water resources management principles to the Lafarge Cement Jordan at Al-Fuhais plant. This was accomplished by conducting water audits at all water consuming units in the plant. Based on the findings of the water audit, an action plan to improve water use efficiency in the plant was proposed. The main elements of which are installing water saving devices, re-use of the treated wastewater, water harvesting, raising the awareness of the employees, and linking the plant to the water demand management unit at the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The analysis showed that by implementing the proposed action plan, it is expected that the industrial water demand can be satisfied from non-conventional resources including treated wastewater and harvested water. As a consequence, fresh water can be used to increase the supply to Al-Fuhais city which is expected to reflect positively on the relationship between the factory and the city. Keywords—Integrated water resources management, nonconventional water resources, water awareness, water demand management, water harvesting, water saving devices.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"661-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Batch and Continuous Packed Column Studies Biosorption by Yeast Supported onto Granular Pozzolana","authors":"A. Djafer, S. K. Moustefai, A. Idou, M. Douani","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1088208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1088208","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of chromium by living yeast biomass immobilized onto pozzolana was studied. The results obtained in batch experiments indicate that the immobilized yeast on to pozzolana is a excellent biosorbent of Cr(V) with a good removal rates of 85–90%. The initial concentration solution and agitation speed affected Cr(V) removal. The batch studies data were described using the Freundlich and Langmuir models, but the best fit was obtained with Langmuir model. The breakthrough curve from the continuous flow studies shows that immobilized yeast in the fixedbed column is capable of decreasing Cr(VI) concentration from 15mg/l to a adequate level. Keywords—Biosorption, yeast, chromium, kinetic biosorption, fixed biomass.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"665-670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86348866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscosity Model for Predicting the Power Output from Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC) Part 1: Theoretical Formulation","authors":"A. S. A. Hamid, Shu Kim Lee, J. Dayou, Rubena Yusoff, F. Sulaiman","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1088528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1088528","url":null,"abstract":"The mixture between two fluids of different salinity has been proven to capable of producing electricity in an ocean salinity energy conversion system known as hydrocratic generator. The system relies on the difference between the salinity of the incoming fresh water and the surrounding sea water in the generator. In this investigation, additional parameter is introduced which is the temperature difference between the two fluids; hence the system is known as Ocean Salinity and Temperature Energy Conversion System (OSTEC). The investigation is divided into two papers. This first paper of Part 1 presents the theoretical formulation by considering the effect of fluid dynamic viscosity known as Viscosity Model and later compares with the conventional formulation which is Density Model. The dynamic viscosity model is used to predict the dynamic of the fluids in the system which in turns gives the analytical formulation of the potential power output that can be harvested.","PeriodicalId":23826,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"699-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}