ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies最新文献_第2页

Making Ethics at Home in Global CS Education: Provoking Stories from the Souths 在全球计算机科学教育中使伦理融入家庭:来自南方的发人深省的故事

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1145/3608113

Marisol Wong-Villacrés, C. Kutay, Shaimaa Y. Lazem, Nova Ahmed, Cristina Abad, C. Collazos, Shady Elbassuoni, Farzana Islam, Deepak Singh, T. Mayeesha, M. Ujakpa, Tariq Zaman, N. Bidwell

{"title":"Making Ethics at Home in Global CS Education: Provoking Stories from the Souths","authors":"Marisol Wong-Villacrés, C. Kutay, Shaimaa Y. Lazem, Nova Ahmed, Cristina Abad, C. Collazos, Shady Elbassuoni, Farzana Islam, Deepak Singh, T. Mayeesha, M. Ujakpa, Tariq Zaman, N. Bidwell","doi":"10.1145/3608113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608113","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increase in university courses and curricula on the ethics of computing there are few studies about how CS programs should account for the diverse ways ethical dilemmas and approaches to ethics are situated in cultural, philosophical and governance systems, religions and languages. We draw on the experiences and insights of 46 university educators and practitioners in Latin America, South-Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australian First Nations who participated in surveys and interviews. Our modest study seeks to prompt conversation about ethics and computing in the Global Souths and inform revisions to the ACM's curricular guidelines for the Society, Ethics and Professionalism knowledge area in undergraduate CS programs. Participants describe frictions between static and anticipatory approaches to ethics in globalised regulations and formal Codes of ethics and professional conduct, and local practices, values and impacts of technologies in the Global Souths. Codes and regulations are instruments for international control and their gap with local realities can cause harm, despite local efforts to compensate. However, our insights also illustrate opportunities for university teaching to link more closely to priorities, actions and experiences in the Global Souths and enrich students’ education in the Global North.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Tracking Socio-economic Development in Rural India Over Two Decades Using Satellite Imagery 利用卫星图像追踪印度农村20年来的社会经济发展

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1145/3615361

Anant Gulgulia, Aman Gupta, Akshay P. Sarashetti, Aaditya Sinha, Aaditeshwar Seth

{"title":"Tracking Socio-economic Development in Rural India Over Two Decades Using Satellite Imagery","authors":"Anant Gulgulia, Aman Gupta, Akshay P. Sarashetti, Aaditya Sinha, Aaditeshwar Seth","doi":"10.1145/3615361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3615361","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal analysis of socio-economic development at sub-national scales can reveal valuable insights about which areas tend to develop faster than others and why. Such analysis is however difficult to conduct with traditional data sources such as censuses and surveys which are not repeated frequently and may require assumptions for imputation of values at non-surveyed locations. Indicators of socio-economic development based on satellite data have emerged as a proxy to track development at fine spatial and temporal scales. We build a model using daytime and nightlights satellite data to estimate an index of socio-economic development at the village level in India. We evaluate our model for temporal robustness and use it to produce estimates at three-time points over a two-decade period. We then use these estimates to understand the effect on village-level development of factors such as the geographic distance of a village to hubs of economic activity and the inequality of development in the district. Our findings provide evidence of the possible impact that policy changes during this period have had on village development.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

VibWall: Smartphone’s Vibration Challenge-response for Wall Crack Detection VibWall:智能手机对墙体裂缝检测的振动挑战响应

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1145/3616387

Wei Sun

{"title":"VibWall: Smartphone’s Vibration Challenge-response for Wall Crack Detection","authors":"Wei Sun","doi":"10.1145/3616387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3616387","url":null,"abstract":"As the building ages, the wall structure may become deteriorated (e.g., wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion) due to the variation of the environment (i.e., temperature and humidity). Moreover, these wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion will affect the living comfort and coziness. As such, the wall health diagnostic becomes crucial for the safety and comfort of modern buildings. However, the existing wall health detection techniques (e.g., UWB radars, acoustic sensing, and sensor embedding techniques) are high-cost, not ubiquitous, and not robust to the variation of the environment. In this article, we propose VibWall, a system that can use the smartphone’s sensors (i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope, and vibrator) to detect the wall’s structural health. Specifically, the wall cracks can be detected for living safety, comfort, and coziness. Our key idea is that the smartphone’s vibration is absorbed, reflected, and propagated disparately based on the physical structure of the wall. To be specific, we employ a novel challenge-response scheme, where the challenge is a sequence of heterogeneous vibration patterns from the smartphone’s vibrator, and the responses to these vibrations are sensed by the smartphone’s gyroscope and accelerometer sensors. Then, the machine learning-based classifier (e.g., random forest classifier) will be used to discriminate between the healthy wall and the wall with cracks, discontinuities, or corrosion based on these responses. Our experimental results show good performance on the wall’s structural health detection with the wall specimen and real-world walls.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125861327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing for Educational Resilience to reduce School Dropout: A Case Study of Namibian San Learners 设计教育弹性以减少辍学率:纳米比亚San学习者的个案研究

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1145/3616389

Rosetha Kays, Naska Goagoses, H. Winschiers-Theophilus

引用次数: 0

Localised Trust in a Globalised Knot: Designing Information Privacy for Digital-ID 全球化结中的局部信任:数字身份信息隐私设计

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1145/3616024

S. Van Staden, N. Bidwell

{"title":"Localised Trust in a Globalised Knot: Designing Information Privacy for Digital-ID","authors":"S. Van Staden, N. Bidwell","doi":"10.1145/3616024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3616024","url":null,"abstract":"We designed the system to manage, verify and exchange identity information for Namibia's national Digital-ID. We applied Grounded Theory methods to five focus groups to understand experiences, expectations and practices in different contexts of legal identity verification and sharing. Local perspectives on privacy aligned with prevalent models for Digital-ID, in which people individually own and trade their personal information, yet they cannot be disentangled from specific social relationships. Thus, our design responds to the ways people establish trust with organisations over time and relate consent for information exchange and privacy control to accountability. We used Situational Analysis to consider how data governance is constructed in a policy-design-adoption ‘knot’ and relates to Namibia's sociotechnical imaginary of ‘unity in diversity’. Unequal telecommunications access and adoption contributes to systems that produce inegalitarian data relations but is not central in Namibia's data protection and privacy discourse, thus our thick analysis prompted designing to strengthen collective voice in governance through Government Gazettes and civil society activism. Our reflections also suggest that while design research of a real-world system in Africa offers important insights about combining individualist and collectivist orientations in data governance, their wider scholarly contribution is impeded by norms imposed by the Global North.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust OCR Pipeline for Automated Digitization of Mother and Child Protection Cards in India 印度用于母婴保护卡自动化数字化的强大OCR管道

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1145/3608114

D. Pant, Dibyendu Talukder, Aaditeshwar Seth, Dinesh Pant, Rohit Singh, Brejesh Dua, Rachit Pandey, Srirama Maruthi, M. Johri, Chetan Arora

{"title":"Robust OCR Pipeline for Automated Digitization of Mother and Child Protection Cards in India","authors":"D. Pant, Dibyendu Talukder, Aaditeshwar Seth, Dinesh Pant, Rohit Singh, Brejesh Dua, Rachit Pandey, Srirama Maruthi, M. Johri, Chetan Arora","doi":"10.1145/3608114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3608114","url":null,"abstract":"The Universal Immunization Programme in India has a mandate to fully vaccinate all of India’s 27 million children born annually. The vaccination doses are recorded by frontline health workers on standardized paper-based Mother and Child Protection (MCP) cards, which are manually digitized by data entry operators, resulting in poor data quality, delays, and significant time and resources. In our article, we focus on Optical Character Recognition– (OCR) based automated digitization of MCP card images captured through a smartphone application developed by us. By utilizing a standardized template for the MCP cards, which is available a priori, we register the card images and perform OCR on the extracted region of interest (ROIs). Since the cards with curvature or torn edges had poor ROIs, we built a global–local alignment technique that first approximates the ROI using global homography and then refines using a local homography resulting in improved accuracy. Our pipeline gives a character level accuracy of 98.73% on our dataset against 75.02% by Google Cloud Vision and 79.26% by Azure OCR. We also describe our field testing experience, where the digitized MCP card images were used to provide useful features on the smartphone application for health workers to conduct vaccination sessions.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"472 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129214961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Barriers and Potential Opportunities of Technology Integration in Community-Based Social Service Organizations 以社区为基础的社会服务组织技术整合的障碍与潜在机会探讨

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1145/3610720

Oghenemaro Anuyah, A. Conrado, Clinton Carlson, Hope Gilbride, Ronald Metoyer

{"title":"Exploring the Barriers and Potential Opportunities of Technology Integration in Community-Based Social Service Organizations","authors":"Oghenemaro Anuyah, A. Conrado, Clinton Carlson, Hope Gilbride, Ronald Metoyer","doi":"10.1145/3610720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610720","url":null,"abstract":"Community-based social service organizations often face multifaceted challenges, including limited resources, inadequate staffing, funding constraints, and high demand for their services. These challenges are often exacerbated when serving vulnerable communities with complex social needs. Despite these difficulties, technology holds the potential to help bridge the service gap, enabling these organizations to respond more effectively to the diverse needs of their communities. In our work, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with representatives from different community-based social service organizations in a mid-sized city in Northern Indiana. This city struggles with high rates of poverty and homelessness in several of its neighborhoods. Our findings revealed that although these organizations faced numerous technological challenges, data and knowledge management was a particularly significant issue. Based on our findings, we offer design recommendations for empowering community-based social service organizations and the people they serve through technology. By leveraging the capabilities of technology, our study aims to promote social justice by assisting community-based organizations in better serving their communities.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134306851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Viable are Energy Savings in Smart Homes? A Call to Embrace Rebound Effects in Sustainable HCI 智能家居节能可行性如何?倡导可持续人力资本的反弹效应

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1145/3608115

Christina Bremer, Harshit Gujral, Michelle Lin, Lily Hinkers, Christoph Becker, Vlad C. Coroamă

引用次数: 1

Focusing on the Unfocused: Corresponding Perspectives on Connectivity among Small-scale Non-profit Organizations Working for Street Children in Bangladesh and Their Donors 关注未被关注的群体:为孟加拉国街头儿童工作的小型非营利组织及其捐助者之间连通性的相应视角

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1145/3605150

Rudaiba Adnin, Ishita Haque, Sadia Afroz, A. Ishmam, Sakil Sarkar, Md. Kafi Khan, A. Mimi, S. Chellappan, A. B. M. A. Al Islam

{"title":"Focusing on the Unfocused: Corresponding Perspectives on Connectivity among Small-scale Non-profit Organizations Working for Street Children in Bangladesh and Their Donors","authors":"Rudaiba Adnin, Ishita Haque, Sadia Afroz, A. Ishmam, Sakil Sarkar, Md. Kafi Khan, A. Mimi, S. Chellappan, A. B. M. A. Al Islam","doi":"10.1145/3605150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605150","url":null,"abstract":"Non-profit organizations (NPOs) serve marginalized communities, such as street children. Their success highly depends on donation raising and their connections with donors, where online platforms (e.g., social media, individual websites, messaging applications, etc.) play a significant role. However, small-scale NPOs face several challenges due to their resource constraints while connecting with their donors and potential donors using existing online platforms. Therefore, we performed a mixed-method study to investigate the connectivity settings among such NPOs, donors, and potential donors. Consequently, we performed semi-structured interviews with seven NPOs working for street children and 21 current donors and conducted an online survey of 42 potential donors in a developing country (Bangladesh). The findings of our study reveal influential factors pertinent to the non-profit work contexts and gaps in connectivity among the stakeholders (small-scale NPOs, donors, and potential donors). We discover that, although having an online presence positively impacts the credibility of small-scale NPOs to the donors by introducing familiarity, possessing such an online presence is challenging for the resource-constrained small-scale NPOs. We further provide several design implications for improving the connectivity settings, especially in terms of online connectivity, among the stakeholders by focusing on their essential roles and reduction of their encountered challenges.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114841230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-based Market Intelligence Systems for Farmer Collectives: A Case Study from India 基于人工智能的农民集体市场情报系统:以印度为例

ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1145/3609262

Ronak Ladhar, Sourav Sharma, Srikant Tangirala, Nishant Gupta, Abdul Azeem, Arjav Jain, Bhuvan Chand Katakam, Bommakanti Aditya, C. Sankaraiah, Hari Prasad Piridi, Kaushalendra Yadav, Kumra Vittalrao, Matiur Rahman, Rashul Chutani, Rishi Shah, Rohan S. Katepallewar, D. Chakraborty, Aaditeshwar Seth

{"title":"AI-based Market Intelligence Systems for Farmer Collectives: A Case Study from India","authors":"Ronak Ladhar, Sourav Sharma, Srikant Tangirala, Nishant Gupta, Abdul Azeem, Arjav Jain, Bhuvan Chand Katakam, Bommakanti Aditya, C. Sankaraiah, Hari Prasad Piridi, Kaushalendra Yadav, Kumra Vittalrao, Matiur Rahman, Rashul Chutani, Rishi Shah, Rohan S. Katepallewar, D. Chakraborty, Aaditeshwar Seth","doi":"10.1145/3609262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609262","url":null,"abstract":"Small and marginal farmers are unable to get a good price for their produce, because they face several challenges in market participation. Aggregation of produce via farmer cooperatives and the ability to delay sales (for non-perishable crops) to when market prices are high has emerged as a useful strategy to improve farmer incomes. We work with a network of farmer cooperatives in India growing soyabean and explore the potential of developing a machine learning–based price forecasting and sales recommendation system that produces suggestions on the best dates when harvested soyabean crops should be sold, e.g., whether to sell right away (if prices are likely to fall in the future) or to wait (if prices are likely to rise). We present an evaluation of different methods for price forecasting and a prospect theory–based method to produce sales recommendations. Experiments on historical data indicate that we can provide modest gains to farmers, and we build and field test an Android application for this purpose. Early results indicate positive feedback. Our methods can be generalized to other agricultural commodities that can be stored for several months and help farmer cooperatives to compete effectively in agricultural markets.","PeriodicalId":238057,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0