World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Study of the Resistance Pattern of Antimicrobials Used in Septicemia Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73297693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Therapy Problem and its Contributing Factors among Pediatric patients with Infectious Diseases admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: Prospective observational study","authors":"Desalegn Feyissa, Tsegaye Melaku, Dula Dessalegn","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.11292/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11292/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Drug therapy problem is a significant challenge to provide high quality health care service for the patients. It is associated with morbidity, mortality, increased hospital stay and reduced quality of life. Moreover, pediatric patients are quite susceptible to drug therapy problems.Thus this study aimed to assess drug therapy problem and its contributing factors among pediatric patients diagnosed with infectious disease admitted to pediatric ward of Jimma university medical center, from April ,2018 to June 30, 2018.\u0000Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted among pediatric patients with infectious disease admitted to Jimma university medical center from April 01,2018 to June 30, 2018. Drug therapy problems were identified by using Cipolle’s and strand’s drug therapy problem classification method. Patient’s written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study. Patient’s specific data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi data version 4.0.2 and then exported to statistical software package version 21.0 for analysis. To identify predictors of drug therapy problems occurrence, multiple stepwise backward logistic regression analysis were done. The 95% CI was used to show the accuracy of data analysis and statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05.\u0000Results: A total of 304 pediatric patients were included in the study. Of these, 226(74.3%) patients had at least one drug therapy problem during their hospital stay. A total of 356 drug therapy problems were identified among two hundred twenty six patients. Non-compliance (28.65%) and dose too low (27.53%) were the most common type of drug therapy problems while disease comorbidity [AOR=3.39, 95% CI= (1.89-6.08)], Polypharmacy [AOR=3.16, 95% CI= (1.61-6.20)] and more than six days stay in hospital [AOR=3.37, 95% CI= (1.71-6.64) were independent predictors of drug therapy problem occurrence.\u0000Conclusion and recommendation: Drug therapy problems were common in pediatric patients with infectious disease in the study area. Presence of comorbidity, Polypharmacy and Prolonged hospital stay were the predictors of drug therapy problem in this finding. Therefore, to overcome the significant gaps in pediatric pharmaceutical care, clinical pharmacists, Pediatricians and other health care professional have to work in collaboration.\u0000Keywords: Drug therapy problem, Pediatric, infectious disease, Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77302382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Thermal Characterization of Ascorbic Acid: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment","authors":"G. Nayak, M. Trivedi, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, S. Jana","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100078","url":null,"abstract":"Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in maintaining good health. The study was designed with the aim to determine the influence of the Trivedi Effect® on the various properties of ascorbic acid by using the modern analytical techniques. The study sample was divided into two parts. The first part was considered as control (no treatment), while the second part was termed as the Biofield Energy Treated sample and it was treated with the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The PXRD peak intensities and the crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -67.75% to 1059.21% and -29.41% to 271.10% respectively, whereas the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 50.67% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The particle size analysis of the treated ascorbic acid was reduced by 8.23% (d10), 22.07% (d50), 11.64% (d90), and 15.81% {D(4,3)} and the surface area was increased by 15.38% as compared to the untreated sample. The weight loss was 20.57%; however, the residue amount was significantly increased by 573.99% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The maximum thermal degradation temperatures were increased by 0.58% and 4.93%, respectively, of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The decomposition temperature was decreased by 4.17%; however, the ΔHfusion and ΔHdecomposition were increased by 9.13% and 110.60%, respectively of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment showed the possible formation of a new polymorph of ascorbic acid that may show better solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability, as well as more thermally stable compared to the control sample. Hence, it might be advantageous to use the Biofield Energy Treated ascorbic acid in various nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations to improve their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85715647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Effect of Biofield Energy Treated DMEM On Mitochondrial Biogenesis Using Myoblasts Cell Line, C2C12","authors":"A. Branton, S. Jana","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100077","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria, a signaling organelles are responsible for energy metabolism within the cell, while its dysfunction in any form could results in the cell death due to an increased oxidative stress and that leads to various metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based DMEM medium on murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells to evaluate the mitochondrial mass content using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) dye assay. The test item, DMEM was divided into three parts. First part did not receive any sort of treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The second and third parts were treated with the one-time and two-times Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and coded as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-I) and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-II) groups, respectively. Cell viability of the test items using MTT assay showed 72.32%, 97.89%, and 104.96% viable cells in the untreated DMEM, BT-I, and BT-II groups, respectively suggested that the test items were nontoxic and safe in murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells. Further, the mitochondrial mass content in terms of Fluorescence Unit (FU) was significantly (p≤0.05) increased by 43.11% and 64.52% in the BT-I and BT-II groups, respectively in C2C12 cells compared to the untreated DMEM group. Thus, overall experimental data suggested that two-times blessed DMEM showed a significant improvement of mitochondrial mass content and results in better thermogenesis. In the present study, results demonstrated that an increased mitochondrial mass content in the cells, when treated with The Trivedi Effect®. This indicates that the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM has the great potential to improve thermogenesis, which can be used against various metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90943938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Impact of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Characteristic Properties of Sulfamethoxazole","authors":"G. Nayak, M. Trivedi, A. Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, S. Jana","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100079","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfamethoxazole is the sulfonamide class of antibiotic that acts as a bacteriostatic agent against various bacteria. The current study was aimed to analyze the impact of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) on various properties of sulfamethoxazole by using different modern analytical techniques. For this, the sample was first divided into two parts, followed by considering one part as a control sample (no treatment was given). The second part was named as the Biofield Energy Treated sample that was remotely given the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The particle size values were reduced by 14.35%(d10), 8.93%(d50), 7.84%(d90), and 9.24%{D(4,3)}; therefore, the specific surface area was increased by 9.68% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -68.71% to 40.38% and -31.58% to 169.60%, respectively; however, the average crystallite size was significantly increased by 9.49% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The residue weight and maximum thermal degradation temperature were increased by 2.12% and 3.25%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The decomposition temperature, latent heat of fusion, and latent heat of decomposition were significantly increased by 11.44%, 48.27%, and 22.59%, respectively in the treated sample compared to the control sample. Thus, the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treated sulfamethoxazole might have formed a new polymorph with reduced particle size and improved surface area and thermal stability. Hence, the use of the treated sulfamethoxazole might be more beneficial in terms of improved solubility, absorption, bioavailability, stability and also for designing the more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment and prevention of various bacterial diseases, i.e., ear infections, urinary tract infections, shigellosis, traveler’s diarrhea, bronchitis, and pneumocystis-type of pneumonia, etc.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84628581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihypertensive Drug Regimen for High Blood Pressure Associated with Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Campus Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo, West Africa","authors":"Y. Potchoo, E. Goeh-Akue, F. Damorou, Stéphane Lolognier, Barima Massoka, D. Redah, I. Guissou","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present prospective study was aimed to target the antihypertensive drug regimen for HBP associated with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as stressful and sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and chronic ethylism among hypertensive patients. Material and Method: This study was conducted among outpatients and inpatients attending the department of cardiology of Campus Teaching Hospital for hypertension conditions associated with comorbidities (stressful, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and ethylism) and placed on antihypertensive drug therapy. Results: Of the 112 patients treated for HBP, 43 (38.39%) received an ambulatory treatment and 69 (61.61%) were hospitalized. Of 43 outpatients, 37.21% and 18.60% vs 24.64%, 34.78% and 23.19% of 69 inpatients presented respectively 2, 3 and ≥ 4 concomitant modifiable risk factors. Regarding the antihypertensive drug regimens received and concomitant risk factor profile of patients, significant reduction of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) among patients with 3 risk factors and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) among patients with at least, together with chronic ethylism, another risk factor among stressful, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and diabetes, was observed. In cases of complicated HBP, outpatients with 3 concomitant risk factors against inpatients with high stress, sedentary lifestyle and obesity were placed on diuretic (D), Calcium Channel Antagonist (CCA) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) as first choice in monotherapy or in addition to Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Drug (CAAD) in suitable combinations in 2/3 of total combinations prescribed. Conclusion: antihypertensive drug regimens from mono to quadruple therapy allowed to control significantly SBP in patients with 3 concomitant modifiable risk factors and DBP among patients with at least, together with chronic ethylism, another risk factor among stress, sedentarity, obesity and diabetes. In complicated HBP with concomitant modifiable risk factors, D or CCA or ACEI or in suitable combinations in addition to CAAD were the favorite pharmacological groups prescribed. Citation: Potchoo Y, Goeh-Akue E, Damorou F, Lolognier S, Massoka B, et al. (2018) Antihypertensive Drug Regimen for High Blood Pressure Associated with Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Campus Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo, West Africa. J Pharma Pharma Sci: JPPS-176. DOI: 10.29011/2574-7711. 100076 2 Volume 2018; Issue 03 J Pharma Phamra Sci, an open access journal ISSN: 2474-7711","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90348923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse Analysis of Clinical Trial Test of Oshadi Oral Insulin","authors":"S. Mavrodiev, S. Efrati, H. Levy, A. Vol, O. Gribova","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83516830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Medication Among Children Under 15 Years, At the Teaching Hospitals of Lomé, Togo","authors":"Y. Potchoo, Anéwédom Awizoba","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100069","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present study was aims to identify the causes, the categories of medicines used and the outcomes of self-medi-cation in hospitalized children under 15 years. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study from June 18 to July 18, 2016 in two Teaching Hospitals in Lomé. Parents/relatives of inpatient pediatric department were interviewed, using a questionnaire on self-medication. The data was ana-lyzed on the basis of frequencies (%) of parameters investigated. Results: We interviewed 204 informants. The self-medication prevalence was 85.8% (n=175) and mostly imputed to the mothers. Children’s pathological histories were asthma and sickle cell disease (16.0%). The sources of self-medication drugs were pharmacies (60%), itinerant sellers of medicines (49.7%) and left-over prescribed medicines stored at home (21.1%). Fever (85.1%), headaches (49.7%), abdominal pain (28%), cough and cold (14.3%) and diarrhea (12.6%) were the main symptoms responsible for self-medication. Analgesics and antipyretics were used in 92.6 % of cases. Anti-microbial (antibiotics, antimalarial, and other antiparasitics) was auto-administered in approximately 47.4%. Herbal medicine and other local products represented 41.7%. The outcomes of self-medication in children are multiple, including nausea and/or vomiting (89.7%), anaemia requiring transfusion (39.9%), allergic skin reactions and so on. Conclusion: Parental self-medication is common in Togolese children. In view of previous outcomes, the use of self-medication for children is a practice that must be controlled and reasoned.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77897800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH): Its Biology and Therapeutic Aspects","authors":"Liting Zheng","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100074","url":null,"abstract":"GHRH, (also known somatocrinin; Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (GRF); Growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) and somatorelin) is a 44-amino acid peptide which synthesized in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in Central Nervous System (CNS) and subsequently released into hypothalamic-pituitary portal vascular system. By binding with GHRH receptors at anterior pituitary gland, GHRH stimulates synthesis and release of Growth Hormone (GH). After Schally, AV et al made his discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain [1-3], in 1982, GHRH was isolated and sequenced its full length by two groups Rivier, J et al and Guillemin, R et al. from two pancreatic tumors patients beared with acromegaly [4,5], All these discoveries made GHRH knowledge more rapidly acquired by scientists in the following decades. The important roles GHRH played in different biological process, such as energetic metabolism [6], cancer initiation and progression [7], sleep process [8], pituitary hypoplasia and dwarfism [9], also gradually recognized by researchers.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79051788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and Clinical Risk Factors of Hiccups","authors":"Ryuichiro Hosoya, Ippei Tanaka, R. Ishii‐Nozawa, T. Amino, T. Kamata, Seiichi Hino, H. Kagaya, Y. Uesawa","doi":"10.29011/2574-7711.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7711.100067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The hiccup is a common somatic side effect of medication. Although hiccups rarely influence disease prognosis, they can reduce tolerance to medication regimens and decrease quality of life. Our previous analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database identified male sex and height as factors related to hiccup risk. While the clinical features and pathogenesis of hiccups have been partially elucidated, there has been no analysis of the relation between hiccups and clinical variables, and to this end, we examined the relation among hiccups, patients’ demographics and clinical risk factors. Methods: In the present study, we conducted a more extensive examination of patient demographics, physical characteristics, primary disease, and other clinical characteristics to identify additional risk factors for medication-induced hiccups in patients hospitalized at Musashino Red Cross Hospital between April 2014 and December 2014. We conducted a statistical analysis of patient demographics, physical characteristics, and other clinical characteristics in patients with and without hiccups hospitalized at Musashino Red Cross Hospital between April 2014 and December 2014. In total, 7603 patients (> 40 years) and 2343 patients (≤ 40 years) were enrolled in the present study. Results: In the patients > 40 years, 228 exhibited hiccups. Univariate analysis indicated that male sex, tall stature, low BMI, chemotherapy, and death within 24 hours of hospitalization were related to hiccup risk. Furthermore, a multivariable analysis identified male sex, chemotherapy, low BMI, and death within 24 hours of hospitalization as independent risk factors for hiccups. Neurovascular diseases and neoplasms (of renal pelvis, brain, bile duct, bladder, esophagus, and lung/bronchus) were also identified as independent risk factors in the patients > 40 years. In the patients ≤ 40 years, most with neonatal diseases, 28 exhibited hiccups. Sex was not a significant risk factor in the patients ≤ 40 years old. Conclusions: We suggest that low BMI is a reliable physical index related to hiccup risk, while chemotherapy and certain malignant tumors are clinical risk factors. These results may assist in elucidating the underlying mechanisms and guiding therapy to reduce hiccup risk.","PeriodicalId":23793,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}