Vrach最新文献

{"title":"Tactics of combined/complex treatment of patients with breast cancer with isolated metastatic lesions of supraclavicular or parasternal lymph nodes","authors":"P. Kupriyanov, A. Zikiryakhodzhaev, I. Reshetov, E. Rasskazova, F. Khugaeva, Yu. V. Butova, I. Duadze","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-02-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-02-14","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To evaluate the treatment tactics for patients with breast cancer (BC) with isolated metastatic lesions of the supraclavicular or parasternal lymph nodes (LNs). Material and methods. We analyzed the data of 134 patients with breast cancer, who were divided into 2 groups: 1st (n=83) – patients with lesions of the supraclavicular and parasternal lymph nodes, both isolated and in combination with lesions of any other groups of lymph nodes; 2nd (n=51) – patients with isolated or combined lesions of only subclavian or axillary lymph nodes. In group 1, lymphadenectomy was performed in 27 patients (subgroup 1A), radiation therapy of the affected lymph nodes was performed in 56 (subgroup 1B). In group 2, patients received chemotherapy for the affected lymph nodes. Results. Survival after 1 year of observation was almost the same in subgroups 1A (surgical treatment of lymph nodes) and 1B (radiation therapy of lymph nodes) – 96.3 and 96.4%, respectively; after 3 years of observation – 77.8 and 80.4%, respectively; 5-year survival rate – 33.3 and 44.6%, respectively. However, the data obtained were statistically unreliable. Conclusion. When comparing 5-year overall survival, surgical removal of metastatic supraclavicular and parasternal lymph nodes is inferior to radiation therapy. Thus, it can be assumed that excluding the surgical stage of LN treatment does not worsen the results of therapy in the group of patients with breast cancer and metastatic lesions of supraclavicular or parasternal LNs.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"225 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the gut microbiota in aging and maintenance \u0000of active longevity. Part 1","authors":"А. Ratnikova, М. Grudina, О. Dikur, Ya. Ashikhmin","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-02","url":null,"abstract":"The role of intestinal microbiota in aging and maintaining active longevity is considered. The first part of the article describes the characteristics of a healthy microbiome, its changes during aging, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome of centenarians. The importance of high microbiome biodiversity in maintaining active longevity is emphasized. The role of intestinal permeability and new biomakers that assess its condition (including zonulin) in maintaining health and in the development of intestinal dysbiosis is revealed. Separate groups of microorganisms that are associated with longevity have been identified (such as Verrucomicrobia, which includes Akkermansia), and the important role of the Bacteroidetes – Firmicutes ratio has been noted. The influence of age-associated changes in the microbiome on health, the connection between changes in the microbiome and physical activity, the possibility of using microbiome analysis to predict biological age, and the correlation of microbiome composition with biomarkers of health and disease are discussed.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"90 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern ideas about the mechanisms of development \u0000of preeclampsia","authors":"А. Dudnikova, Е. Konchakova, Е. Bedikyan, Е. Ershova, R. Agutenkov","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-07","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the two-stage model of preeclampsia has been updated. The review examines modern ideas about the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Particular attention is paid to studies of uterine artery remodeling, as well as the role of microRNAs in preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of chronic systemic inflammation in the formation of functional disorders of the biliary tract","authors":"V. Grinevich,, Yu. Kravchuk, P. Seliverstov, E. Ivanyuk, S. Petrukov, G. Bunenkova, O. Rusinova","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-14","url":null,"abstract":"Functional disorders of the biliary tract are included in the group of functional diseases of the digestive system, widespread everywhere, and represent a complex of clinical symptoms developing as a result of motor-tonic dysfunction of the gallbladder, bile ducts and sphincters. Their clinical manifestations are often quite diverse and non-specific. Therefore, the problem of verification, treatment and prevention of this pathology continues to be relevant. In our study, among 37 practically healthy volunteers, in 55% of cases, a functional disorder of the gallbladder of the hypomotor type was detected, correlations of indicators of the motor function of the gallbladder with markers of systemic inflammation were established.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"117 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of novel oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation","authors":"V. Skvortsov, В. Levitan, О. Razvalyaeva","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-12","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, which results in disability and death in the patients. The mechanisms of systemic and local atrial activation of the coagulation system provoke the risk of stroke in the presence of even short AF episodes. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), particularly rivaroxaban, have shown their efficacy in preventing stroke in patients with AF. The international ROCKET AF, XANTUS, PREFER, and RIVER studies have studied different aspects of anticoagulant therapy, on the basis of which, the use of rivaroroxaban has been approved for the prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolisms in patients with non-valvular AF; the efficacy and safety of the drug have been proven.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"88 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of a comprehensive method of rehabilitation includes transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance therapy on the severity of neurological disorders, gate function and balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy","authors":"L. Marchenkova, F. Semenova, S. Chelmakin, А. Fesyun,, О. Yurova","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-10","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of rehabilitation of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy using balance therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation against the background of a basic rehabilitation program to reduce neurological symptoms and improve the function of movement and balance.\u0000Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 34 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with a severe degree of diabetic neuropathy, distal sensorimotor form, from which 2 groups were formed by randomization: the main group (n=17) and the control group (n=17). Patients of the main group received a new rehabilitation method, including rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation, No. 10, balance therapy on a simulator with biofeedback, No. 10, whirlpool baths for the lower extremities, No. 10, physical therapy, No. 10, and massage of the lower extremities, No. 10. The rehabilitation method for the control group included magnetic therapy for the lower extremities, No. 10, whirlpool baths for the lower extremities, No. 10, physical therapy, No. 10, and massage of the lower extremities, No. 10.\u0000Results. There were revealed a decrease in NSS scale values by 33.3% (from \u00006.0 [4.0; 7.0] to 4.0 [3.0; 6.0] points, p=0.029) and DN4 questionnaire scores – \u0000by 36.4% (from 5.5 [3.0; 7.0] to 3.5 [2.5.0; 5.0] points, p=0.034, p=0.045 in comparison with control), increase in walking speed by 10.7% (from 75.0 [59.0; 88.0] to 83.0 [68.0; 103.0] steps per minute, p = 0.047), decrease in time performing the “Up and go test” from 12.0 [7.0; 15.0] to 10.0 [5.0; 11.0] sec (p=0.039) and an increase in the time of maintaining balance in the “One leg standing test” with eyes closed on the right leg from 2.0 [1.0; 3.5] to 3.5 [1.5; 6.0] sec (p=0.041, p=0.022 compared with control) in patients of the main group, after completion of rehabilitation,. In the control group, there were no reliably significant changes in any of the studied indicators (p>0.05).\u0000Conclusion. A new rehabilitation complex, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance therapy with biofeedback against the background of standard therapy, helps to significantly reduce the severity of symptoms of distal diabetic polyneuropathy, increase walking speed and improve static balance.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"425 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epicardial fat ectopy in women with different estradiol levels","authors":"M. Zimina, S. Dora, I. Lygdenova, Т. Yusipova, М. Butomo, А. Volkova, Yu. Khalimov","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To establish the early risk factors of metabolic syndrome in women with decreased ovarian reserve, premature and early menopause; to estimate the thickness of epicardial fat and the levels of estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with early estrogen deficiency and in control subjects without estrogen deficiency, to evaluate the effect of estrogen replacement hormone therapy on epicardial fat thickness and the change of arterial pressure (BP) parameters. \u0000Material and Methods. Group 1 (n=12) included patients with co-preserved menstrual cycle and AMH >1 ng/ml, Group 2 (n=10) included patients with preserved menstrual cycle and AMH <1 ng/ml, Group 3 (n=12) included patients with premature menopause, Group 4 (n=13) included patients with early menopause. The level of the studied parameters in blood serum was determined by immunochemiluminescence assay. Epicardial fat thickness was determined on VIVID E90 machine in 3 cardiac cycles with subsequent calculation of the mean value.\u0000Results. An increase in epicardial fat thickness was detected in Groups 2–4 with low estradiol levels compared to group 1 (p=0.01). Patients with normal body mass index and with estrogen deficiency also show increased epicardial fat thickness.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"521 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORY OF PATIENTS WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION \u0000AND PRETERM BIRTH","authors":"Е. Chernaya, Е. Kutefa","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study the anamnesis of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection (NCI) and preterm birth (PB).\u0000Material and methods. A retrospective study of the anamnesis of patients who underwent NCI in the second half of pregnancy and PB was carried out in the period from May 2020 to December 2021. The division into groups was carried out taking into account the timing of delivery: Group 1 (n=104) – term birth at 37 weeks of gestation and later; Group 2 (n=44) – PB from 22 to 36+6 weeks of gestation.\u0000Results. The combination of diseases such as chronic bronchitis, maxillary sinusitis and bronchial asthma increased the risk of PB against the background of NCI by 3.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI] – 2.65–4.39). Among extragenital diseases, opisthorchiasis was detected 4.7 times more often in patients with PB (95% CI – 1.308–17.097). In group 2, compared with group 1, among pregnancy complications, moderate anemia was 6.5 times more likely to be observed (95% CI – 1.2–35.1). PB were due to the severe course of COVID pneumonia and its progression, the serious condition of the woman, which required the prescription of etiotropic therapy. In this regard, the probability of cesarean section in group 2 was 12.6 times higher (95% CI – 4.2–37.8) compared to group 1.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gripmax® Nose Child effectiveness in the upper respiratory tract infections treatment","authors":"N. Geppe, V. Soboleva, О. Sukhovjova, Yu. Isaichkina, М. Tikhonova, Yu. Alieva","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-15","url":null,"abstract":"Children are highly predisposed to the respiratory tract infections. Nowadays, attention unit has been focused on the effect of herbal therapy on respiratory tract infections treatment.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"181 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological indicators as predictors of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","authors":"Z. Tatarintseva, Е. Kosmacheva, А. Shyk, А. Batchaeva","doi":"10.29296/25877305-2024-01-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-01-03","url":null,"abstract":"Newly diagnosed postoperative atrial fibrillation (NDPAF) is one of the most common complications after cardiovascular surgery, provoking early and late complications, such as cardiovascular, thromboembolic complications, cerebral circulation disorders, prolonged hospital stay and repeated hospitalizations to the intensive care unit and hospital.\u0000Objective. To identify biochemical and clinical predictors of NDPAF in patients who underwent open-heart surgery for any indication.\u0000Materials and methods. The study included patients operated in the cardiac surgery department No.2 of the Research Institute – Prof. S.V. Ochapovsky Territorial Clinical Hospital One (Krasnodar) in the period from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021. During the analyzed period of time, open heart surgery was performed in 1503 patients, of whom 158 (10.5%) had NDPAF.\u0000Results. Hematological/biochemical parameters include low levels of hemoglobin (<12.5 g/dl), hematocrit (<35%), erythrocytes (<4,2•1012/L), and high levels of lymphocytes (>3,0•109/L), bilirubin (20.5 mmol/L), creatinine \u0000(115 mmol/L), urea (8.3 mmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (>35 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (>55 U/L), C-reactive protein (>5 mg/L) were associated with an increased frequency of NDPAF in single-factor analysis (p<0.05 for all comparisons).\u0000Conclusion. Hematological indicators can predict the risk of atrial fibrillation before surgery. The study of risk factors for NDPAF will allow to effectively influence them, thereby preventing the possibility of arrhythmia and improving the prognosis for postoperative complications and survival.","PeriodicalId":23748,"journal":{"name":"Vrach","volume":"259 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}