Sports Technology最新文献

{"title":"Australian sporting innovation: patently better?","authors":"M. Lloyd","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.723714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.723714","url":null,"abstract":"Australia has an enviable track record in sport, including achieving as high as fourth position in the summer Olympics medal table. But the role of sport in Australia is greater than this, and includes hosting of major sporting events and the economic contribution of sports, both locally and globally. Underpinning the importance of sport is sporting innovation, both home-grown and imported. Australia has had a long history of innovation in sport, be it the invention of Australian Rules Football in 1859, the winged keel used in the yacht Australia II and, more recently, smart sporting garments that give direct feedback to both users and their coaches. A useful means of tracking innovation in any area of sport is through patent filings. Modern innovators tend to file patents to protect their innovations, so reviewing published patents can provide valuable insight about new developments. In this study, we look at Australian patent filing data to identify overall trends in sporting innovation. This data show that the filing of sports-related patents in Australia is trending downwards overall, but the filing of Australian sources sports patents is relatively steady. This data are supported by a series of case studies of Australian sporting innovations and their intellectual property strategies, or lack of it thereof.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132941492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of linear impact energy management and product claims of a novel American football helmet liner component","authors":"David E. Krzeminski, J. Goetz, Andrew P. Janisse, Nadine M. Lippa, Trenton E Gould, J. W. Rawlins, S. Piland","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.691508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.691508","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit to abate sport-related concussion necessitates thorough evaluation of protective technologies and product claims. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to: (i) define the linear impulse and compression behavior of the Aware-Flow shock absorber (the primary energy managing component of Xenith X1 football helmet); (ii) characterize resultant force–time curves utilizing compressive loading behavior of foam materials; and (iii) verify and define published findings and product claims. Absorbers (N = 24) from three adult X1 football helmets were impacted at predefined velocities of 1.3, 2.3, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.7 m·s− 1. Linear impulsive forces were ideally managed up to 3.0 m·s− 1 (25.4 J). The foam-filled pad improved impact energy attenuation and increased velocity-specific durability. The leptokurtic region of the 4.0 and 4.7 m·s− 1 impulse curves substantiated a third phase, defined as densification, as demonstrated by the maximum compression height approaching 90%. The adoption of elastic-plastic foam terminology was recommended based upon examination of the shock absorber design and resultant phased force-time curves. Results validated published findings on the prototype thin-walled collapsible air-filled chamber component and substantiated velocity-specific support for Aware-Flow shock absorber product claims.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115091485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality assessment of rugby lineout throw kinematics","authors":"Hayden Croft, A. Chong, B. Wilson","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.663535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.663535","url":null,"abstract":"The lineout throw in the sport of Rugby Union is a crucial component in determining whether a team wins possession of the ball. The accuracy and timing of the throw are both important factors in determining whether the opposition can intercept the ball, and these components are determined by the thrower's technique and ability to identify the target. A virtual reality environment, NuView stereo-imaging device and a digital high-definition video camera were used to capture stereoscopic video footage of players during outdoor training. The video footage was presented to eight elite rugby players in life-size stereoscopic 3D as they attempted to perform a lineout as if in a real game. A custom-built laser device measured the accuracy of the virtual throws. In addition, a 12 camera motion analysis system tracked body movements, to help determine lineout throw variables associated with accurate throwing. In the trial of the virtual reality system, statistical and practically significant differences were found between accurate and inaccurate throws for the lineout throw variables; elbow separation (accurate 5.2% greater than inaccurate), front foot step (94.5 mm longer), trunk flexion (5°greater), and follow though (17°higher). These four lineout throw variables are recommended to coaches and players as important features to concentrate on when trying to enhance lineout throw accuracy.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents Volume 4, Numbers 1–2","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2011.733081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2011.733081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114808164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent validity between a sport video game and real sport performance","authors":"M. Buns, K. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.691509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.691509","url":null,"abstract":"A challenge to expanding quality physical education programs is the expertise of teachers across many sports. In part this challenge exists because fewer experts are available to train pre-service teachers and coaches. Recent trends in instructional theory indicate that traditional forms of education represent only the tip of the iceberg regarding ways that individuals learn (VanDeventer & White, 2007). The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between a person's basketball knowledge, skills and video game performance. More specifically, does the video game distinguish between those who have played basketball and those who have not? If so, what parts of the video game do that? Fifty volunteers were recruited through flyers at a university in a Midwest community. Measurements included; questionnaire to identify participant basketball playing experience and videogame exposure; basketball knowledge test including tactical content, the AAHPERD Basketball Skill Test (1984) as an assessment of basketball shooting, passing, dribbling, and defensive skills, and three Basketball Video Gameplay sessions using a Nintendo Wii. The project was approved by the IRB, Human Subjects Review Committee. One-way ANOVA indicated that expert basketball players won significantly more video games than their novice counterparts [F (1,36) = 33.9, p < 0.001), E.S. = 0.50; expert M wins = 2.06, SD = 1.1, novice M wins = 0.44, SD = 0.51]. Basketball experience (expert or novice) was significantly related to videogame winning percentage (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and average point differential (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). Basketball video game performance (wins/losses) was significantly related to basketball knowledge (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and all four skills tests (shooting r = 0.72, p < 0.01, passing r = 0.67, p < 0.01, dribbling r = − 0.56, p < 0.01, defense r = − 0.62, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated basketball experience group was a statistically significant predictor of video game performance (r = 0.544, p = .0012). The videogame was able to distinguish expert from novice basketball players on a number of performance outcomes including; total wins, average point differential, points, rebounds, steals, fouls, field goals, and free throws. Having more knowledge and skill in real world basketball translated to videogame performance, suggesting basketball videogames require similar tactical decisions of players as does real world basketball. Nintendo Wii basketball may be a viable learning tool for teachers or children with limited knowledge of basketball.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127733522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The kick serve in tennis","authors":"R. Cross","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.663534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.663534","url":null,"abstract":"A kick serve in tennis is not only the most difficult stroke for players to master but is also the most difficult stroke to understand. The ball must be served by swinging upwards at the ball to generate topspin and the ball must be served down below the horizontal in order to land in the service court. The racquet head is already near the top of its trajectory when the ball is struck, so the angle of approach of the head on impact is much smaller than that needed to generate topspin in a forehand. The ball is almost stationary prior to impact. If a stationary ball is struck by a rising racquet, and if the string plane is vertical on impact, then the ball will rise above the horizontal after the impact. Consequently, several different effects must act simultaneously to generate the necessary spin and launch angle in a kick serve. Three additional effects are identified in this paper, one due to the ball toss, one due to tilt of the racquet head and one due to the fact that the racquet is rotating when it strikes the ball. Additional calculations are presented showing how the bounce height of the ball depends on the serve speed and angle and on the spin and inclination of the spin axis.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115494781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical work, efficiency and energy redistribution mechanisms in baseball pitching","authors":"K. Naito, Hiroyasu Takagi, T. Maruyama","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.686502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.686502","url":null,"abstract":"Though baseball pitching is assumed to achieve proper technique in which a great deal of energy is imparted from the trunk to the throwing arm, through a kinetic chain of the entire body, few studies have answered the question of how segmental energy is generated/transferred by muscles and intersegmental joint forces. The purpose of this study was to calculate the mechanical energy produced by the individual joint moments or joint forces in throwing, and further breaking down the joint moments into their muscular and non-muscular interactive moments, assessing their contribution to the generation of mechanical energy. The pitching motion of eight collegiate baseball pitchers was measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system. A model including multiple segments and joints of the throwing arm, non-throwing arm and trunk was developed to establish the relationships between causal muscle work and distributed segmental energy. Using the model, the mechanical energy of each segment was decomposed into the muscular and non-muscular interactive components. The results showed that the kinetic energy of the throwing hand and ball at the ball release were primarily produced by the trunk backward/forward tilt and counterclockwise/clockwise rotation, while the contribution of the throwing shoulder external/internal rotation to the hand kinetic energy was relatively small. The centrifugal force was identified as a more important factor in energy transfer than other interactive components (Coriolis force and gyroscopic moment). In conclusion, the trunk flexor and rotator muscle power generated in an earlier phase provides the primary source to the consequent arm acceleration, and the energy redistribution mechanism due to the centrifugal-effect that transfers energy from the proximal segment to the distal one plays a more critical role in enhancing the distal arm kinetic energy than additional muscle work produced in a later phase.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable jump detection for snow sports with low-cost MEMS inertial sensors","authors":"Fazle Sadi, R. Klukas","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.708974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.708974","url":null,"abstract":"Body-mounted devices, incorporating low-cost micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), for real-time sports performance feedback are commercially available. In sports such as skiing, snowboarding, and mountain biking, aerial jumps can be detected with these devices and performance variables including air time and jump drop can be calculated real-time. However, the performance of currently used real-time athletic jump detection algorithms using MEMS IMUs is unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy, power efficiency, and reliability. In this paper, a novel algorithm for jump detection with a head-mounted MEMS IMU is proposed. Two novel methods used in this algorithm, namely Windowed Mean Canceled Multiplication and Preceding and Following Acceleration Difference, are introduced. Field experiments are conducted and the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of algorithms used in two state-of-the-art sport performance measurement devices. Results demonstrate that the proposed jump detection algorithm comprehensively outperforms these commercial algorithms.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into a new method for monitoring snow temperature on cross-country ski tracks","authors":"W. Wagner","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.663538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.663538","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate predictions of snow surface temperature on cross-country race courses are crucial for optimal race ski preparation. This study investigates an easy and inexpensive method to monitor snow temperature at strategic locations on a racing track (e.g., southerly aspects, shaded areas and the stadium). Small self-contained temperature sensor dataloggers collect the average subsurface temperature between 1 and 2 cm, often where a skating ski rides. Temperature, temperature changes and trends are monitored the day, or days, prior to competition and examined to aid in ski preparation for upcoming events. Solar absorption of the sensors was the primary challenge and techniques to mitigate this issue were tested and are discussed. Results from a field study are presented, which give insight into the benefits and limitations for the usefulness of iButton temperature data for ski teams.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127600723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of grass leaf height on the impact behaviour of natural turf sports field surfaces","authors":"M. Caple, I. James, M. Bartlett","doi":"10.1080/19346182.2012.663537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.663537","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of three grass leaf height treatments (50 mm, 25 mm, < 1 mm) of two sports field rootzones (clay loam, sand) was assessed under controlled conditions using the 0.5 kg and 2.25 kg Clegg Impact Soil Testers (CIST) and the Dynamic Surface Tester (DST) device. Results were dependent upon the test device, impact energy, and drop number of the impact. The presence of grass was shown to be more important than specific grass heights in regulating impact behaviour, with no differences detected between 50 mm and 25 mm treatments. Peak deceleration was reduced (P < 0.05) by the presence of grass (50 mm and 25 mm treatments) for drop one, but not drop three of the 0.5 kg CIST missile, indicating grass leaves absorb some impact energy on lower energy single impacts but not when leaves are flattened under repeated loading. There was no difference in peak deceleration of the higher energy 2.25 kg CIST among leaf treatments for first drop, but was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for third drop on the < 1 mm treatment where the soil exhibited greater (P < 0.05) plastic displacement. Surface loading rate and energy absorption did not differ across treatments under athlete-specific impact stresses measured with the DST, suggesting grass leaves may not affect athlete impacts. Greater consideration is required for future impact testing to assess surfaces to specific impacts that occur in game situations through the use of appropriate test devices.","PeriodicalId":237335,"journal":{"name":"Sports Technology","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}