World journal of methodology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and western blot method in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.","authors":"Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek,&nbsp;Ljubo Barbic,&nbsp;Vladimir Stevanovic,&nbsp;Vladimir Savic,&nbsp;Anna Mrzljak,&nbsp;Maja Bogdanic,&nbsp;Irena Tabain","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i6.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i6.294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and western blot (WB) in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala (PUUV) and Dobrava (DOBV) orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed. Serology was performed using commercial tests (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using IFA, 49.5% of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV, while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses. The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G (IgG) (50.0%) than for immunoglobulin M (IgM) (25.5%). PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan (12.3%/31.5%), Seoul (7.5%/17.8%), DOBV (5.4%/ 28.1%), and Saaremaa (4.8%/15.7%). Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan (76.2%/95.2%), Saaremaa (80.9%/83.3%), and Seoul (78.6%/85.7%) and moderate with PUUV (28.5%/38.1%). Using a WB, serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples (89.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections, confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 6","pages":"294-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/32/WJM-11-294.PMC8613714.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcomes.","authors":"Alyson Margaret Skinner,&nbsp;Hassib Narchi","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i6.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i6.278","url":null,"abstract":"Survival of preterm infants has been steadily improving in recent years because of many recent advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine. Despite these advances, the growth of survivors does not reach the ideal target level of the normal fetus of the same gestational age. Postnatal weight gain is often not achieved because extrauterine growth has higher energy requirements than intrauterine growth, due to the intensive care environment, illness and inadequate nutrition. Although many other factors influence infant brain development, including family socioeconomic and educational background, the role of nutrition is considerable and fortunately, amenable to intervention. In the preterm neonate, the brain is the most metabolically demanding organ, consuming the largest proportions of energy and nutrient intake for its function and programmed growth and maturation. Weight gain, linear and head circumference growth are all markers of nutritional status and are independently associated with long-term neurodevelopment. Brain development is not only the result of nutrients intake, but in addition, of the interaction with growth factors which depend on adequate nutrient supply and overall health status. This explains why conditions such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and chronic lung disease alter the distribution and accretion of nutrients thereby suppressing growth factor synthesis. In this review, we will focus on the direct role of nutrition on neurodevelopment, emphasizing why it should be started without delay. The nutritional requirements of the preterm infant will be discussed, followed by the effects of general nutritional interventions and specific nutrients, as well as the role of nutritional supplements on neurodevelopment. The primordial role of human breast milk, breast milk fortifiers and human milk oligosaccharides will be discussed in detail. We will also examine the role of nutrition in preventing neonatal complications which can affect neurodevelopment in their own right.","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 6","pages":"278-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/33/WJM-11-278.PMC8613713.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician.","authors":"Aspasia Toli, Asli Perente, Georgios Labiris","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.263","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Red reflex test (RRT) is a simple, non-invasive method that can be performed easily by pediatricians during the clinical examination in neonatal period, infancy and childhood. Abnormal reflexes can lead to prompt diagnosis of several ocular disorders, with potentially severe consequences on patient's vision, cognitive function and even life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To underline the contribution of pediatricians to early detection of vision and life threatening diseases by using RRT effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the present systematic review, PubMed searches were performed using the key words \"red reflex and newborn\"; \"red reflex and neonate\"; \"red reflex and complications\"; \"red reflex and necessity\"; \"red reflex and retinoblastoma\"; \"red reflex and congenital cataract\"; \"red reflex and glaucoma\"; \"red reflex and prematurity\"; \"red reflex and leukocoria\"; \"red reflex and blindness\"; \"red reflex sensitivity and specificity\"; \"red reflex and differential diagnosis\"; \"red reflex and guidelines\". The relevant articles were selected without language restrictions. When a full-text publication was not available, their English abstracts were used. In some cases, studies from the reference lists of the selected articles provided useful information. The research took place in September 2020, in the Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Alexandroupolis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 articles were selected according to the used key words. After reviewing data from these articles, it is supported that red reflex remains an effective tool of undeniable importance for early detection of severe eye conditions, such as cataract, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity and glaucoma. Although literature reports some limitations of RRT, including a notable percentage of false positive tests, the inability to detect small, peripheral retinoblastomas and the lower sensitivity for posterior segment pathology, it is widely accepted that the benefits from the regular evaluation of the test on public health are significant. Therefore, RRT has been established by international guidelines and should be an essential component of pediatricians clinical practice. Red reflex implementation should be incorporated in pediatricians educational programs, so that they would be able to provide quality services and safe diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of RRT should be encouraged in all neonatal/pediatric departments. Prompt education of pediatricians should be empowered in order to achieve careful vision screening, according to current guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 5","pages":"263-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/c1/WJM-11-263.PMC8472546.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39503829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgY technology: Methods for developing and evaluating avian immunoglobulins for the <i>in vitro</i> detection of biomolecules.","authors":"Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou,&nbsp;Vyronia Vassilakopoulou,&nbsp;Evangelia Livaniou","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"IgY technology\" was introduced in the literature in the mid 1990s to describe a procedure involving immunization of avian species, mainly laying hens and consequent isolation of the polyclonal IgYs from the \"immune\" egg yolk (thus avoiding bleeding and animal stress). IgYs have been applied to various fields of medicine and biotechnology. The present article will deal with specific aspects of IgY technology, focusing on the currently reported methods for developing, isolating, evaluating and storing polyclonal IgYs. Other topics such as current information on isolation protocols or evaluation of IgYs from different avian species are also discussed. Specific advantages of IgY technology (<i>e.g.</i>, novel antibody specificities that may emerge <i>via</i> the avian immune system) will also be discussed. Recent <i>in vitro</i> applications of polyclonal egg yolk-derived IgYs to the field of disease diagnosis in human and veterinary medicine through <i>in vitro</i> immunodetection of target biomolecules will be presented. Moreover, ethical aspects associated with animal well-being as well as new promising approaches that are relevant to the original IgY technology (<i>e.g.</i>, development of monoclonal IgYs and IgY-like antibodies through the phage display technique or in transgenic chickens) and future prospects in the area will also be mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 5","pages":"243-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/71/WJM-11-243.PMC8472547.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39503830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomics in medicine: A new era in medicine.","authors":"Vishwanath Pattan,&nbsp;Rahul Kashyap,&nbsp;Vikas Bansal,&nbsp;Narsimha Candula,&nbsp;Thoyaja Koritala,&nbsp;Salim Surani","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sequencing of complete human genome revolutionized the genomic medicine. However, the complex interplay of gene-environment-lifestyle and influence of non-coding genomic regions on human health remain largely unexplored. Genomic medicine has great potential for diagnoses or disease prediction, disease prevention and, targeted treatment. However, many of the promising tools of genomic medicine are still in their infancy and their application may be limited because of the limited knowledge we have that precludes its use in many clinical settings. In this review article, we have reviewed the evolution of genomic methodologies/tools, their limitations, and scope, for current and future clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 5","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/8c/WJM-11-231.PMC8472545.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development.","authors":"Renee J Dufault,&nbsp;Mesay M Wolle,&nbsp;H M Skip Kingston,&nbsp;Steven G Gilbert,&nbsp;Joseph A Murray","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-natal and post-natal chemical exposures and co-exposures from a variety of sources including contaminated air, water, soil, and food are common and associated with poorer birth and child health outcomes. Poor diet is a contributing factor in the development of child behavioral disorders. Child behavior and learning can be adversely impacted when gene expression is altered by dietary transcription factors such as zinc insufficiency or deficiency or by exposure to toxic substances permitted in our food supply such as mercury, lead, or organophosphate pesticide residue. Children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders exhibit decreased or impaired <i>PON1</i> gene activity which is needed by the body to metabolize and excrete neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides. In this current review we present an updated macroepigenetic model that explains how dietary inorganic mercury and lead exposures from unhealthy diet may lead to elevated blood mercury and/or lead levels and the development of symptoms associated with the autism and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders. <i>PON1</i> gene activity may be suppressed by inadequate dietary calcium, selenium, and fatty acid intake or exposures to lead or mercury. The model may assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating the symptoms associated with these childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Recommendations for future research are provided based on the updated model and review of recently published literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 4","pages":"144-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/2f/WJM-11-144.PMC8299913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence based review of management of cardiorenal syndrome type 1.","authors":"Leong Tung Ong","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 is the development of acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. CRS often results in prolonged hospitalization, a higher rate of rehospitalization, high morbidity, and high mortality. The pathophysiology of CRS is complex and involves hemodynamic changes, neurohormonal activation, hypothalamic-pituitary stress reaction, inflammation, and infection. However, there is limited evidence or guideline in managing CRS type 1, and the established therapeutic strategies mainly target the symptomatic relief of heart failure. This review will discuss the strategies in the management of CRS type 1. Six clinical studies have been included in this review that include different treatment strategies such as nesiritide, dopamine, levosimendan, tolvaptan, dobutamine, and ultrafiltration. Treatment strategies for CRS type 1 are derived based on the current literature. Early recognition and treatment of CRS can improve the outcomes of the patients significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 4","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4f/a0/WJM-11-187.PMC8299910.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections.","authors":"Marios Papadakis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound irrigation (<i>i.e.</i> washing out a wound before wound closure) aims to reduce the microbial burden by removing tissue debris, metabolic waste, and tissue exudate from the surgical field before site closure. Although it is a popular procedure in every day surgical practice, the lack of procedure standardization, leads to studies with high heterogeneity and often controversial results. Thus, there are studies that advocate its use, while others discourage its implementation in clinical practice to reduce the risk of surgical site infection. The present article reviews the current literature on wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections. Several irrigants are presented. Chlorexidine is generally considered to be less effective than povidone-iodine, while antibiotics are not that common nowadays, as they require prolonged exposure with the target to act. Hydrogen peroxide has several potential complications, which eliminate its use. Any differences in the incidence of surgical site infections between different irrigants, especially between antibacterial and non-bacterial ones, should be viewed sceptically. More randomized controlled studies are needed to provide better quality of evidence regarding the irrigants' effectiveness and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 4","pages":"222-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/5d/WJM-11-222.PMC8299912.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-day seminar for residents for implementing abdominal pocket-sized ultrasound.","authors":"Hiroko Naganuma,&nbsp;Hideaki Ishida","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its proven high utility, integration of pocked-sized portable ultrasound (US) into internal medicine residency training remains inconsistent. For 10 years, we have held a 1-d seminar biannually, consisting of lecture (half-day) and hands-on training (half-day) on pocket-sized US of the abdomen and lungs. The lecture consists of training on US physics and clinical applications of pocket-sized US, followed by a lecture covering the basic anatomy of the abdomen and lungs and introducing the systemic scanning method. Given the simple structure of pocket-sized US devices, understanding the basic physics is sufficient yet necessary to operate the pocket-sized US device. It is important to understand the selection of probes, adjustment of B mode gain, adjustment of color gain, and acoustic impedance. Basic comprehension may have a significant positive impact on the overall utilization of pocket-sized US devices. The easiest and most reliable way to observe the whole abdomen and lungs is a combination of transverse, sagittal, and oblique scanning, pursuing the main vascular system from the center to the periphery of the organ in the abdomen and systemic scanning of the pleura. There is usually a marked change in knowledge and attitudes among the program participants, although skill gaps remain among them. We discuss the limitations and problems to this education system as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 4","pages":"208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/35/WJM-11-208.PMC8299907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of lymphocytes from the human gastric mucosa.","authors":"Masaya Iwamuro,&nbsp;Takahide Takahashi,&nbsp;Natsuki Watanabe,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Okada","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flow cytometry is widely used for lymphocyte immunophenotyping in clinical settings. However, few studies have applied it for analyzing lymphocytes of the gastric mucosa. This review offers an overview of methodologies for isolating lymphocytes from the human stomach. Previously reported articles were reviewed, focusing on procedures for isolating human gastric mucosal lymphocytes. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-associated peptic diseases and gastric cancer are two major subjects of research in this field. Enzymatic dissociation, mechanical dissociation, or a combination of the two have been used to isolate lymphocytes from the stomach. Intra-epithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were separately isolated in several studies. We also summarize the history and present trends in analyzing lymphocytes in patients with gastric disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"11 4","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/f4/WJM-11-199.PMC8299908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}