Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference最新文献

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Use of a variance estimator for interferometer angle accuracy 使用方差估计的干涉仪角度精度
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10948
M. Greenspan, H. Holt, B. P. Radza
{"title":"Use of a variance estimator for interferometer angle accuracy","authors":"M. Greenspan, H. Holt, B. P. Radza","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10948","url":null,"abstract":"For radar applications requiring angle measurements on ground clutter over a large range swath or large elevation-angle extent, the single-pulse clutter-to-noise power ratio can be small due to low intercept grazing angles or low reflectivity. An approach is presented for using multiple returns to derive an angle variance estimate as a direct measure of data validity, rather than an amplitude threshold to better detect the presence of angle glint prior to angle estimation. The variance estimator can be used to detect the presence of spatially distributed interference returns such as those from a rain cloud. Results of a Monte Carlo signal simulation are presented to demonstrate the expected angle accuracy performance when the variance estimator is used in a phase interferometer radar. These results are compared to angle accuracy estimates based on an amplitude discriminant. Small integration sample size and degradation due to thermal noise, clutter, and glint are considered. The results are applicable to measurements in either azimuth or elevation angle and to discrete targets with Swerling-I amplitude fluctuation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of ocean SAR images via phase history generation 通过相位历史生成模拟海洋SAR图像
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10958
J. Bennett, J. T. Clinthorne, A. O. Scheffler, J. Lyden
{"title":"Simulation of ocean SAR images via phase history generation","authors":"J. Bennett, J. T. Clinthorne, A. O. Scheffler, J. Lyden","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10958","url":null,"abstract":"A method for simulating an ocean synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image is illustrated for a simple internal wave current pattern. The method calculates both the amplitude image and the radar signal history. The simulation model used consists of six stages. In the first stage, the full wave spectrum in two spatial coordinates is calculated from the wind speed and direction using the action spectral density equation. In the second stage, the pixel size is selected and used as the basis for dividing the spectrum into large and small scale motions. Realizations for the large-scale ocean surface height and velocity are then calculated. In the third stage, the sensor wavelength and geometry are used to calculate the small scale statistics (radar cross section, coherence time, root-mean square (RMS), radial velocity and RMS slope). In the fourth stage, an autoregressive method is used to generate a realization of the surface reflectivity history that is consistent with the radial velocity and the radial velocity variance. In the fifth stage, the signal history is generated by summing the reflectivities at the proper times with the appropriate antenna weighting function for the SAR. As a consequence of this process, speckle is automatically included in the signal. In the final stage, the SAR image can be created by using any of the traditional ways to process the signal history, including variable focusing and multilook processing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125500111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intermediate frequency transmit/receive modules for low-sidelobe phased array application 低旁瓣相控阵中频发射/接收模块
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10926
H. Aumann, F.G. Willwerth
{"title":"Intermediate frequency transmit/receive modules for low-sidelobe phased array application","authors":"H. Aumann, F.G. Willwerth","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10926","url":null,"abstract":"Low sidelobe performance in a small, active phased array requires very tight amplitude and phase tolerances in the transmit/receive (T/R) modules and beamforming network. An L-band T/R module is described in which the required precision is realized through the use of 12-b, voltage-controlled attenuators and phase shifters operating at an intermediate frequency rather than at a radio frequency. All control voltages are derived from a single multiplexed 12-bit D/A converter. The modules were evaluated in a 32-element, linear array. Near-field measurements proved that the amplitude and phase of array elements could be set with errors of less than 0.02 dB and 0.2 degrees RMS. Antenna patterns were obtained with average peak sidelobes at least 35 dB below an isotropic radiator.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Waveform trade-offs for medium PRF air-to-air radar 中PRF空对空雷达的波形权衡
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10947
R. Nevin
{"title":"Waveform trade-offs for medium PRF air-to-air radar","authors":"R. Nevin","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10947","url":null,"abstract":"The author determines what drives selection of the mean pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for use in current air-to-air radar system design, and what points these factors become critical. Data are presented that indicate that the relationship between velocity blanking and PRF is the important factor; approximate minimum PRF values for the cases considered are provided. Selection of the average PRF and the transmitted pulse width control the pattern of blind zones in unambiguous range-Doppler space. In addition, selection of the compressed pulse width affects losses, signal-to-clutter ratio, and false alarm opportunities, as well as the ability to resolve range ambiguity and reject ghosts. The present study was also used to determine the effect of ground moving target (GMT) rejection by blanking of the unambiguous Doppler signal. This was shown to range from 0.2 to 1.5 dB. the effect of resolving Doppler ambiguity before declaring a target was shown to be about 1 dB. The effect of changes in range resolution on target detection was shown to be small. These last points show tradeoffs between processing complexity and increased performance. Velocity ambiguity resolution and reduced compressed pulse width cause predictable increases in processing requirements. GMT rejection based on resolved Doppler cause a less well-defined increase in the postprocessor workload.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Iterative noncoherent angular superresolution (radar) 迭代非相干角超分辨(雷达)
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10940
M. A. Richards
{"title":"Iterative noncoherent angular superresolution (radar)","authors":"M. A. Richards","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10940","url":null,"abstract":"In noncoherent scanning or imaging sensors, the angular resolution, theta , is limited by the aperture size, D, to the value theta infinity lambda /D, where lambda is the wavelength. A method is proposed for improving the effective angular resolution by three to eight times by postdetection processing of the aperture-limited signal. The technique derives from modeling the detected signal as the desired high-resolution equivalent signal degraded by convolution with the antenna pattern or point-spread function of the physical sensor. The resolution is therefore increased by deconvolving the real-aperture data. This deconvolution, or inverse filtering, approach is inherently numerically unstable. A constrained iterative deconvolution algorithm was adapted to obtain well-behaved results exhibiting true superresolution, and a fast algorithm was developed to overcome the computational burden of the iterative approach. Examples using both simulated and real millimeter-wave radar data is shown.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116166117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
SAR image quality effects of damped phase and amplitude errors 阻尼相位和振幅误差对SAR图像质量的影响
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10931
J. Zelenka, T. Falk
{"title":"SAR image quality effects of damped phase and amplitude errors","authors":"J. Zelenka, T. Falk","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10931","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of damped multiplicative, amplitude, or phase errors on the image quality of synthetic-aperture radar systems are considered. These types of errors can result from aircraft manoeuvres or the mechanical steering of an antenna. The proper treatment of damped multiplicative errors can lead to related design specifications and possibly an enhanced collection capability. Only small, high-frequency errors are considered. Expressions for the average intensity and energy associated with a damped multiplicative error are presented and used to derive graphic results. A typical example is used to show how to apply the results of this effort.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126353670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A statistical model for radar target detection in clutter 杂波条件下雷达目标检测的统计模型
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10965
C. Baker, J. M. Pink, R. Tough
{"title":"A statistical model for radar target detection in clutter","authors":"C. Baker, J. M. Pink, R. Tough","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10965","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a statistical model is reported that describes the radar backscatter characteristics of a point target located in a non-Rayleigh, correlated, sea clutter environment. The model is based on the analysis of experimental observations of forward and backscattering from the sea surface, and hence, has the attractive feature of being related to the physical mechanisms governing the scattering processes. Numerical computations involved in calculating the distribution of electric field (of the signal in clutter) are described and sets of representative results pertaining to the single pulse detection are presented. The extension of the model to include pulse-to-pulse and scan-to-scan correlation effects in both target and clutter signals is also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125710383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Advanced techniques for extending synthetic aperture radar (SAR) depth of focus under arbitrary aircraft maneuvers 在飞机任意机动情况下扩展合成孔径雷达(SAR)聚焦深度的先进技术
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10936
F. Weindling
{"title":"Advanced techniques for extending synthetic aperture radar (SAR) depth of focus under arbitrary aircraft maneuvers","authors":"F. Weindling","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10936","url":null,"abstract":"Ground mapping by synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is sensitive to the motion of the airborne radar platform. Current methods for compensation use motion compensation (i.e. correction of the phases of all radar return signals by the phase of the map reference point (MRP) echoes) estimated from inertial sensor outputs, and a variable pulse repetition frequency (PRF). These common approaches are shown to be equivalent to a special case of bifocal mapping: a mapping in which at least two points in space are in sharp focus. A method is presented which generalizes this process to a trifocal process where the use of an additional degree of freedom in the signal design permits specifying three independent focal points in the region to be mapped. The plane defined by these three foci, which need not be a horizontal plane, contains a region of improved map sharpness. The trifocal method is implemented by using inertial sensor outputs, in real time, to modify parameters of the radar signals generated by the radar exciter receiver. The subsequent processing is conventional. Results are presented and compared with performance predictions based on existing analyses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The design of SAR motion compensation systems incorporating strapdown inertial measurement units 结合捷联惯性测量单元的SAR运动补偿系统设计
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10933
T. A. Kennedy
{"title":"The design of SAR motion compensation systems incorporating strapdown inertial measurement units","authors":"T. A. Kennedy","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10933","url":null,"abstract":"A discussion is presented of several important areas in the design of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) motion compensation systems incorporating strapdown inertial measurement units (IMUs) as the motion-sensing system. A brief review of motion compensation for SAR is presented followed by a presentation of the effects of strapdown IMU sensor and system errors on SAR image quality. These errors include the following: gyro and accelerometer scale factor and bias errors, velocity error, and platform tilt, and errors induced by limited inertial sensor bandwidth. The effects of these errors on the SAR image quality are presented in terms of the SAR impulse response. A motion compensation system conceptualization is presented wherein a strapdown IMU is attached to an antenna and transfer-aligns to the aircraft's master navigator.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A VHE radar to make terrain elevation models through tropical jungle VHE雷达通过热带丛林制作地形高程模型
Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference Pub Date : 1988-04-20 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.1988.10928
R. Vickers, R. Lowry, A. Schmidt
{"title":"A VHE radar to make terrain elevation models through tropical jungle","authors":"R. Vickers, R. Lowry, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1988.10928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1988.10928","url":null,"abstract":"A radar system is described, operating at 200-400 MHz, which produces profiles of the ground in the presence of dense tropical forest cover. The profiles can be assembled to construct a contour map of the terrain at scales as large as 1:10000. The radar uses a 5-ns pulsewidth, and has achieved a total system accuracy of 2.5 m (vertical). A brief description is given of each of the major features of the radar system, including antennas, processor, and radio frequency design. Examples are given of mapping products from a recent survey in Indonesia. Possible future improvements involving the use of the Global Positioning System are mentioned.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":237192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE National Radar Conference","volume":"AES-10 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121002058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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