Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade最新文献

The Ottoman and Safavid silk trade. 奥斯曼和萨法维的丝绸贸易。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0021

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0

Land of punt and the incense routes. 小船之乡和香火之路。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0005

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0

The Portuguese build an empire. 葡萄牙人建立了一个帝国。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0017

J. Hancock

{"title":"The Portuguese build an empire.","authors":"J. Hancock","doi":"10.1079/9781789249743.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Albuquerque's victory in Malacca gave Portugal a major foothold in the Far Eastern pepper trade, but the Portuguese were never able to fully dominate it. The chapter summarizes the struggles of Portugal's building of its empire. It also discusses the cartaz system, where the Portuguese claimed suzerainty over the Indian Ocean and no one else was allowed to sail unless they purchased a safe conduct pass. The cartaz obliged Asian ships to call at a Portuguese-controlled port and pay customs duties before proceeding on their voyage. Ships without this document were considered fair game and their goods could be confiscated. It was, pure and simple, a protection racket. The cartaz system, plus customs duties and outright piracy, provided most of the funds defraying the costs of the Portuguese navy and its garrisons. The chapter also outlines the importance of Indian cotton in the Spice Trade and the routes of spices into Europe. Further, the chapter provides highlights of the Portuguese profits on spices. Portuguese imports of pepper held strong over most the sixteenth century. The total weight of the spice cargoes averaged 40,000 to 50,000 quintals (1 quintal = 130 pounds or 59 kilograms) annually in the first half of the century and 60,000 to 70,000 quintals later on. Records have been left of one cargo in 1518 that totalled almost 5 million pounds (2.27 million kilograms), of which 4.7 million pounds (2.13 million kilograms) was pepper, 12,000 pounds (5443 kilograms) cloves, 3000 pounds (1360 kilograms) cinnamon and 2000 pounds (907 kilograms) mace (Krondl, 2007). Most of the pepper and other spices were purchased in Malabar on the open market. Portuguese profits on the pepper trade could run as high as 500%. Lastly, the chapter briefly discusses how other European countries looked for alternative routes to the spices.","PeriodicalId":237055,"journal":{"name":"Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125302141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pan Islamica. 伊斯兰国家行动方案。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0011

James F. Hancock

引用次数: 0

Ancient Mediterranean trade links. 古代地中海的贸易联系。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0004

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0

Spice trade in the dark ages of Europe. 欧洲黑暗时代的香料贸易。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0012

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0

Golden age of Byzantium. 拜占庭的黄金时代。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0010

J. Hancock

{"title":"Golden age of Byzantium.","authors":"J. Hancock","doi":"10.1079/9781789249743.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter discusses the reign of the Eastern Roman Empire as well as the state of the international trade during its golden era. It consists of thirteen subchapters which are about the Shift of Roman Power, the rule of Constantine, the drastic transition of world trade after the fall of the West Roman Empire, the exotic luxuries of Byzantium, the golden age of the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinian, Byzantine attitudes about trade. Trade in the Byzantine world was highly regulated by the state, the empire was essentially a huge trading organization. It continues with the subchapters, The Dollar of the Middle Ages, Trading with the Enemy, Aksum and Byzantium's Indian Ocean Connections, Christians Surrounded by Muslims, The Secret of Silk Escapes, which is about the mid-sixth century when most silk found its way to Europe through the Silk Routes across China and the northern steppes of Central Asia, the Justinian's Plague that spread along the great trade routes, emerging first in China and north-east India, travelling to Ethiopia, moving up the Nile to Alexandria and then east to Palestine and across the entire Mediterranean region, and lastly, The End of the Red Sea Portal. Some 1000 years of Greek and Roman rule over Egypt had ended and with it the Red Sea link of Europe with the Asian spice trade.","PeriodicalId":237055,"journal":{"name":"Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127399835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silk route connections. 丝绸之路连接。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0008

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0

The eastern Roman Empire and the rise of Venice. 东罗马帝国和威尼斯的崛起。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0013

J. Hancock

{"title":"The eastern Roman Empire and the rise of Venice.","authors":"J. Hancock","doi":"10.1079/9781789249743.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Providing a situation of the eastern Roman Empire after Emperor Justinian died, the chapters also gives summary of the economic growth of various European countries in the middle ages. There were many other maritime republics that arose in Italy during the Middle Ages other than Venice. These included Genoa, Pisa, Ragusa (now Dubrovnik), Gaeta, Ancona and Noli. The most powerful were Genoa, Pisa and Amalfi, who carried on extensive trade across the Mediterranean and built strong navies for protection and conquest. Venice came to dominate Adriatic trade, while Pisa and Genoa focused their trade more heavily on Western Europe. Aside from these, it was also high time for the western maritime trade since the Black Sea area was particularly important to Constantinople as a source of grain, fish and salt, and to a much lesser extent spices and silks. Its importance as a source of spices and silk had been greatly diminished over the last century due to the unrest in Central Asia leading to the breakup of the Silk Routes and the shift in the spice trade from the Persian Gulf to the Red Sea resulting from the political instability of the Abbasid Caliphate. The chapters also gave a summary how the economic relations between Venice and the Byzantine Empire led to war and the sacking of Constantinople.","PeriodicalId":237055,"journal":{"name":"Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128424000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exotic luxuries in antiquity. 古代的异国奢侈品。

Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789249743.0003

J. Hancock

引用次数: 0