Water intelligence online最新文献

{"title":"Chemical Exposure and Effects in Freshwater Aquatic Species","authors":"D. Haffner","doi":"10.2166/9781780403922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403922","url":null,"abstract":"To protect aquatic ecosystems from stresses induced by toxic chemicals, risk models must be developed, calibrated and verified for feral populations. Although risk models require good estimates of chemical exposure (dose) and quantitative measures of effects (response), few models, if any, have been appropriately calibrated for linking dose and response in situ. It is this lack of knowledge that limits the development of strong cause-effect relationships for aquatic species.\u0000\u0000Exposure models, using quantitative biomonitoring techniques, have been developed independently from bioassay and/or biomarker systems that are used to quantify stress. The present research integrated these two approaches by comprehensively calibrating the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) as an appropriate bioindicator of toxicological stress in aquatic ecosystems. This was achieved by integrating quantitative biomonitoring techniques with a novel, sensitive assay for genotoxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).\u0000\u0000At four sites along the river, chemical exposures and the incidence of dermal papillomas and neoplastic lesions in liver tissue were quantified, along with the measurement of PAH metabolites in bile, quantification of DNA damage in erythrocytes using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay), and the quantification of changes in apoptotic processes in dermal and liver tissues of exposed fish. Field studies on metabolite formation and apoptosis were compared to laboratory investigations in order to quantify the link between PAH metabolites and genotoxicity. Bullheads were exposed to Detroit River bottom sediment and environmentally-relevant levels of a major genotoxic PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and dose-response models of metabolite formation were developed in order to determine the mass of PAH chemicals that are converted to DNA active metabolites. Genotoxicity was assessed in these laboratory populations using the comet assay on erythrocytes and liver cells. We assessed the link between DNA damage and the down-regulation of apoptosis, which is characterized as one of the key initial steps of tumorogenesis.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397540 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403922 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"42 1","pages":"9781780403922-9781780403922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83665555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management","authors":"D. Thévenot","doi":"10.2166/9781780401928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780401928","url":null,"abstract":"The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. It includes: \u0000* A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes, \u0000* A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype, \u0000* The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden, \u0000* The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. \u0000The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, \"road maps\" and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools. As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781780401928-9781780401928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83796044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Methods for Evaluating the Safety of Reclaimed Water","authors":"D. Schlenk","doi":"10.2166/9781780403878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403878","url":null,"abstract":"The Santa Ana River (SAR) is the primary source of groundwater recharge for the Orange County Groundwater Basin. Approximately 85% of the baseflow in the SAR comes from wastewater treatment facilities operated by three dischargers. Treated effluent or surface water impacted by wastewater discharge contains a range of chemicals. Suitable toxicological information exists for only a small percentage of these chemicals, and toxicological data for individual compounds are not adequate for predicting risk posed by a mixture of compounds (most of which are unknown).\u0000\u0000The National Research Council recommended that biomonitoring systems be specifically developed for application to water problems employing on-line, flow-through bioassays as a means of more easily judging public health impacts. To implement such a system, fish were employed in an investigative mode to evaluate the water quality of shallow ground water originating from the SAR and allow a better evaluation of risk due to the consumption of recycled water.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397632 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403878 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"236 1","pages":"9781780403878-9781780403878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89125648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Investigation of an Anaerobic Membrane Separation Process for Treatment of Low-Strength Wastewaters","authors":"D. Stensel","doi":"10.2166/9781843397298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397298","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of an evaluation of biomass reduction technologies, anaerobic treatment was found to have potential for the lowest level of biomass production in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. A limitation of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes for dilute wastewaters and at cold temperatures is the ability to maintain a significant level of methanogenic organisms in the reactor to sustain efficient treatment. A process consisting of an anaerobic baffled reactor followed by membrane separation was proposed for the treatment of low strength wastewaters at colder temperatures. A 4 gpm pilot plant facility was assembled and installed at the West Point wastewater treatment plant in Seattle, to test the feasibility of the anaerobic/membrane separation treatment system. During a 7 month period, 3 different attempts were made for system start up with the result of little methanogenic activity in the anaerobic baffled reactor system. The temperatures during the start up ranged from 10 to 15°C and may have been a significant factor in the inability to generate a significant methanogenic population within the time available.\u0000\u0000Another aspect of this continuing study to investigate biomass reduction was a cost analysis to evaluate the potential for an anaerobic/membrane process for biomass reduction. The cost analysis showed that the significant capital expenditure for adding a membrane reactor to retrofit an existing secondary treatment system resulted in a greater annual amortization costs than the significant operational cost savings realized by less sludge production, less aeration hp, and excess methane gas production. Because the membrane separation system represented about 90% of the retrofit costs, the cost analysis suggests that a less expensive method be pursued for liquid solids separation after anaerobic treatment of low strength wastewaters.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397298 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"21 1","pages":"9781843397298-9781843397298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89237349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosolids Processing Modifications for Cake Odor Reduction (Phase 3 of Identifying and Controlling the Municipal Wastewater Environment)","authors":"G. Adams, J. Witherspoon, Z. Erdal, B. Forbes, D. Mcewen, Ron Hargreaves, M. Higgins, J. Novak","doi":"10.2166/9781780403694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403694","url":null,"abstract":"Phase 3 of the overall WERF project was developed to study eight Phase 2 hypotheses in more depth, beginning in the laboratory (bench-scale) studies and continuing on to targeted investigations where the WERF team manipulated plant parameters at full scale to identify the best means of reducing biosolids cake odors. The Phase 3 research specifically sought ways to enhance anaerobicly digested and dewatered biosolids to reduce the odor levels in the biosolids end product, thereby reducing negatively perceived impacts on the environment or to the public when beneficially used on land.\u0000\u0000The goal of the Phase 3 study was to provide a general application of findings to WERF subscribers who are seeking ways to reduce odors produced by anaerobicly-digested biosolids. The Phase 3 options summary present a general roadmap for wastewater treatment plant operators seeking to optimize biosolids processing and reduce biosolids cake odors.\u0000\u0000Biosolids cakes with minimal odors lead to better public acceptance near biosolids management sites and in neighborhoods adjacent to WWTPs. Reduced odors also could open the WWTP dewatered biosolids cake to other recycling or disposal opportunities that are currently not used due to odor and other concerns (including on-plant site composting or storage). Additionally, significant cost savings could be realized by not requiring extensive odor control or other expensive options for containment and management of biosolids.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403694 (eBook)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397908 (Print)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"28 1","pages":"9781780403694-9781780403694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87970550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical modelling and estimation in wastewater treatment processes.","authors":"D. Dochain, P. Vanrolleghem","doi":"10.2166/9781780403045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403045","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamical Modelling Dynamical Mass Balance Model Building and Analysis Structure Characterisation (SC) Structural Identifiability Practical Identifiability and Optimal Experiment Design for Parameter Estimation (OED/PE) Estimation of Model Parameters Recursive State and Parameter Estimation Glossary Nomenclature","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"9781780403045-9781780403045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90807893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing water demand: policies, practices and lessons from the Middle East and North Africa forums.","authors":"E. Baroudy, A. Lahlou, B. Attia","doi":"10.2166/9781780402628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402628","url":null,"abstract":"The vast arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) constitute 85% of the region's land area and are home to approximately 60% of the region's population. Limited water resources pose severe constraints on people's economic and social progress, testing their resilience and threatening their livelihoods. Rainfall is not only scarce and unpredictable, but the region is also subject to frequent and severe droughts. Available surface water is declining and the over-pumping of groundwater beyond natural recharge rates is occurring, lowering the water table and causing an increase in groundwater salinity and ecological degradation.\u0000\u0000Water Demand Management (WDM) is about governance and tools that motivate people and their activities to regulate the amount and manner in which they access, use and dispose of water to alleviate pressure on freshwater supplies. It is also about protecting water quality. The development and promotion of such WDM practices, primarily for governments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, have constituted the core objectives supported by Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and its partners through the Water Demand Management Forums.\u0000\u0000Managing Water Demand provides a comprehensive account of the tools used to manage water demand in the MENA region. A critical review is presented of the efficacy of WDM techniques in the areas of wastewater reuse, water valuation, public-private partnerships and decentralization, and participatory irrigation management.\u0000\u0000This book will provide some of the necessary knowledge required to further promote WDM in the MENA region, while providing insight into the work required for much needed change to improve water governance.\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843391043 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402628 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"28 1","pages":"9781780402628-9781780402628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84441214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic Surveillance and Investigation of Symptoms of Illness by Neighbors of Biosolids Land Application Sites","authors":"W. Steve","doi":"10.2166/9781843397922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397922","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewaters from homes, businesses and public facilities require treatment to protect human and environmental health. In the process of cleaning water for release to the environment, treatment plants separate solids (sludge), which contain nutrients useful in agriculture as well as microbes and chemicals from the wastewater stream. Treated sludges are referred to as biosolids. A majority of biosolids produced in the United States are applied to agricultural land as a fertilizer or soil amendment. While this practice is regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the public has expressed concerns about its potential effects on human health, and the National Academy of Sciences has recommended establishing a framework for human health investigations.\u0000\u0000The primary goal of this project is to develop an investigation protocol to assist environmental and public health officials in responding to citizens and medical providers who report symptoms that they attribute to land application of biosolids. Data resulting from citizen and provider reports and subsequent investigations will be compiled into a database that will be used to advance research into the safety of current biosolids land application practices.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397922 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781843397922-9781843397922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89200825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Range Planning for Decentralized Wastewater and Stormwater Treatment Research: Workshop Summary and Literature Review","authors":"C. Etnier","doi":"10.2166/9781780404523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780404523","url":null,"abstract":"This document summarizes research related to the environmental science and engineering (ES&E) of decentralized stormwater and wastewater that has taken place since the National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project's (NDWRCDP's) 2002-2003 Training, Research, and Development Plan (2002) was published. A number of earlier publications were also reviewed to provide context.\u0000\u0000The 2002-2003 Plan identified 22 research priorities within the field of wastewater environmental science and engineering. This publication presents an overview of some of the research done in those areas since then, and also provides a summary of research conducted between 2000 and early 2006 in ES&E related to decentralized stormwater.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780404523 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"39 1","pages":"9781780404523-9781780404523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Biological Treatment Processes for Industrial Wastewaters - Principles & Applications","authors":"F. Cervantes, S. Pavlostathis, A. V. Haandel","doi":"10.2166/9781780402345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402345","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Biological Treatment Processes for Industrial Wastewaters provides unique information relative to both the principles and applications of biological wastewater treatment systems for industrial effluents. Case studies document the application of biological wastewater treatment systems in different industrial sectors such as chemical, petrochemical, food-processing, mining, textile and fermentation.\u0000\u0000With more than 70 tables, 100 figures, 200 equations and several illustrations, the book provides a broad and deep understanding of the main aspects to consider during the design and operation of industrial wastewater treatment plants.\u0000\u0000Students, researchers and practitioners dealing with the design and application of biological systems for industrial wastewater treatment will find this book invaluable.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to Integrated Environmental Technology Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843391142 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402345 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"22 1","pages":"9781780402345-9781780402345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80383326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}