AARN: Europe (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Flexible and Unbureaucratic Democracy Promotion by the EU? The European Endowment for Democracy between Wishful Thinking and Reality","authors":"Julia Leininger, Solveig Richter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2480309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2480309","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2012 the EU set up the European Endowment for Democracy (EED) with the aim of supporting pro-democracy actors predominantly in the European Neighbour-hood and of doing so quickly, flexibly, unbureaucratically and audaciously. But wish-ful thinking and reality are still separated by a wide gap: first, it is doubtful that the Endowment can be sure of stable, long-term financing. While showing little willingness to support the Endowment, the EU Member States nonetheless want a right to a say in how it is run. Second, what the EU is seeking to achieve with the EED, actor-centred democracy promotion in complex situations of radical change, is a highly risky ven-ture. Third, it is unclear how the EED is to complement existing EU instruments with similar tasks. To ensure that it has a positive impact, the Endowment should have the EU Member States’ financial and political backing. It is also important for the EED to avoid duplication and develop a long-term strategy with other democracy promoters in the countries in which it operates.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124931316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of Confidence and Stock Prices in EU. A Panel Data Analysis.","authors":"M. Georgiou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2459771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2459771","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that the level of confidence in EU institutions affects positively Stock Market prices. The sample covers many countries of the EU. Data are taken from Eurostat. The elaboration of these panel data is made feasible by means of the Eviews software package.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The German Part-Time Wage Gap: Bad News for Men?","authors":"Elke Wolf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2463185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2463185","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing incidence of part-time employment in Germany, the effects on wage rates are studied rarely. I therefore use SOEP panel data from 1984 to 2010 and apply different econometric approaches and definitions of part-time work to measure the socalled part-time wage gap of both, men and women in East and West Germany. A very robust finding is that part-time working men are subject to higher wage penalties than women. Accounting for all available observed as well as time-constant unobserved individual characteristics yields a wage cut of about 10 percent in East and West Germany. Furthermore, the type of contract makes a big difference. While marginal employees earn considerable lower wage rates, irrespective of region and sex, reduced working hours covered with social security do not seem to be to the detriment of women once differences in observed characteristics are taken into account. Fixed-effects panel estimates even yield slightly benefits from working part-time. Nonetheless, long part-time spells may cause financial drawbacks for women, because experience in part-time employment generates lower or even no positive returns. Another novel of my study is the look at the part-time wage gap over the years. The empirical evidence reveals that wage differentials in West-Germany increased over time. Since this trend disappears for men, as soon as individual fixed-effects are disentangled, I suppose that selection of men with progressively unfavourable labour market characteristics triggered this downward slope. In contrast, the downtrend of the female part-time wage gap seems to be caused by the increasing share of marginal employees, who exhibit a significant and larger wage cut compared to standard part-time women.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125962250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrant Diversity, Migration Motivations and Early Integration: The Case of Poles in Germany, the Netherlands, London and Dublin","authors":"R. Luthra, L. Platt, Justyna Salamońska","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2428284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2428284","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of the European Union eastwards in 2004, with an ensuing massive increase in East-West migration from the accession countries has been represented as a new migration system of a kind unique in recent migration history. As such, it provides an ideal context in which to develop understandings of 'new mobilities'. In this paper we utilise a unique, four- country data source covering over 3,500 migrants to characterise the new migration, focusing on Poles migrating to Germany, the Netherlands, London and Dublin in 2009-2011. We conduct a three-stage analysis that first employs latent class analysis to allocate the migrants to six migrant types. We then link these migrant types to pre-migration characteristics and estimate multinomial logit models for class membership. Third, controlling for these pre-migration characteristics we explore how the migrant types are associated with subjective and objective measures of wellbeing and receiving society integration.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123618453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel Poverty and the Energy Benefits System: The Italian Case","authors":"R. Miniaci, C. Scarpa, P. Valbonesi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2433441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2433441","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss a number of ways to define and measure the affordability of energy consumption, and we examine the emergence of fuel poverty in Italy in the period from 1998 to 2011. The paper examines the eligibility criteria for claiming the benefits available to support energy consumption for vulnerable families and it identifies the potential beneficiaries. The study assesses the appropriateness of the eligibility criteria by comparing the population targeted by the policy with the population actually living in fuel poverty. A simulation exercise, using the hypothetical scenario most likely to result in energy benefits being made available, shows that, regardless of the affordability index adopted, the provision of state energy benefits has little impact on fuel poverty.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126397399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Change and Wage Inequality: Evidence from German Micro Data","authors":"Philipp Henze","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2422471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2422471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper measures the impact of sectoral composition, international trade and technological progress on the rising wage gap in Germany. I find a positive effect of the increasing importance of services on the rising wage gap in Germany that is comparable to the effects of international trade and technological change. To quantify the causal relationship between the structural change of the German economy and the wage premium, I use the Establishment History Panel (in German: Betriebs-Historik-Panel - BHP), a detailed establishment-level data set provided by the German Federal Employment Office covering the period 1975-2010. This empirical work puts the focus on an important cause of the rising wage gap that so far has been largely ignored by the literature.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122744825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EU and Transnational Regulation of GMO Risks","authors":"Patrycja Dąbrowska-Kłosińska","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3085871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3085871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of the EU in shaping transnational regulation of GMOs and attempts to establish whether the EU’s system of governance prompts experimentalist solutions at the international level in this field. In order to accomplish this aim the paper analyses the relationship between the EU policy on GMOs and the growth of the international regulatory framework which addresses risks associated with modern biotechnology products. More specifically, it examines the means through which the EU has attempted to extend its own norms, standards and governance of GMO risks to third countries and at the international level. It addresses the questions. What are the distinctive features of these processes and the characteristics of the regulatory systems created? In what way does the EU participate in the development of transnational regimes on GMOs, and do the latter regimes resemble the experimentalist architecture? Does EU policy in this area have repercussions on its domestic policy?","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122401629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Relations and Cooperation","authors":"M. Meško, Vasja Roblek, Z. Štok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2356822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2356822","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to analyze intergenerational relations and cooperation in Slovenia and suggest activities that could bring together different generations. The paper discusses issues of intergenerational cooperation, which contributes substantially to solidarity, tolerance and quality of interpersonal relations, both, from a wider social viewpoint as well as from a narrower family viewpoint. Thus, the ageing of people has become a characteristic feature of demographic development in the world. \"Developments in society such as geographic mobility, divorce, and nuclear families have led to an increasing gap between the old and young and minimized the opportunities for children to interact with grandparents or other older people (Kupetz, 1993)\". As Bernard and Phillips (2000) explain \"the situation of older people is becoming an increasingly important element in social policy debates\" and the urgent need for \"an integrated social policy which addresses the broad needs of an ageing society\". With a low birth rate and the prolongation of life, the classic inter-generational relationships in Slovenia are quickly changing, therefore it is demanded from policymakers, that in cooperation with experts and civil society, they re-define them. The prevalence of the older generation is increasing more and more. Older people often encounter problems like loneliness, depression, loss of motor and functional abilities; they are also prone to various illnesses. For elderly, loneliness especially can represent a common problem which makes them past rich lives empty and unworthy. On the other hand, the fast technological development, changes in the way of living, also changes their habits which are linked to different periods of a person’s development. For this reason it comes to differences between generations and they are noticeable especially among the younger and older generation. The younger generation grows with the technology which often leads to addiction and lack of genuine contacts with people, especially with other generations (Ramovs, 2003). Changes in economic systems, the way of life itself and development in technology also leads to changes in habits, values, goals of the generation, etc., which subsequently creates differences between the older and younger generation in different periods. Every generation is, due to environmental effects, marked by events in a specific period of time that influence its behavior and values. These events are amongst others wars, crisis, moves, prolonged life span, change of lifestyle, fast technological development, globalization, etc. Periodically, the classification in the USA and Slovenia differs because of different political and economic system.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116705228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Il contrasto al lavoro non dichiarato: un'analisi comparativa di policies (Tackling Undeclared Work: A Comparative Analysis of Policies)","authors":"S. Auci, L. Mundula","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2332683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2332683","url":null,"abstract":"La forte presenza del sommerso in molti paesi europei e l'evidenza dei suoi effetti negativi sul loro sviluppo rende rilevante l’analisi di quali siano gli strumenti piu efficaci per scoraggiare l'espansione di questo fenomeno negativo per lo sviluppo e la crescita di un paese. In questo quadro, l’articolo, utilizzando l'approccio delle frontiere stocastiche, esplora quanto possa essere efficace l'attuazione di politiche di contrasto al lavoro nero nel contesto dell’Unione Europea. I nostri risultati confermano sia l'analisi delle determinanti di Schneider et al (2010) sia l'importanza delle politiche di deterrenza e di incentivo per contrastare il lavoro non dichiarato.The strong presence of the shadow economy in many European countries and the evidence of its negative effects on their development put emphasis on what are the most effective tools to discourage the expansion of this negative phenomenon for the development and the growth of a country. In this framework, the paper, using the stochastic frontier approach, explores how much could be efficient the implementation of policies to contrast undeclared work in the context of the European Union. Our results confirm both the analysis of the determinants of Schneider et al (2010) and the importance of deterrence and enabling compliance rules to contrast undeclared works.","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121040415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Design of National Fiscal Frameworks and Their Budgetary Impact","authors":"C. Nerlich, W. Reuter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2322659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2322659","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the link between fiscal frameworks and their budgetary impact. We look at different features of national numerical fiscal rules in combination with fiscal councils and medium-term budgeting frameworks. We construct our own time-varying dataset for national fiscal frameworks for the period 1990-2012 covering all 27 EU Member States and estimate a dynamic panel on aggregate and disaggregated fiscal policy variables. We find strong support that numerical fiscal rules help to improve the primary balance, and that the budgetary impact can be further strengthened when supported by independent fiscal councils and an effective medium-term budgeting framework. JEL Classification: E61, E62, H60","PeriodicalId":236925,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Europe (Topic)","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134161378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}