World journal of biological chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Profiles of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Malwina Rybicka-Ramos,&nbsp;Mirosław Markiewicz,&nbsp;Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek,&nbsp;Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz,&nbsp;Sylwia Mizia,&nbsp;Monika Dzierżak-Mietła,&nbsp;Krzysztof Białas","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i4.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i4.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may be related to the occurrence of complications, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and infections. The pathogenesis of acute GvHD is connected with T lymphocytes, which identify alloantigens on host's antigen-presenting cells, activate production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and act on the immune effector cells and damage tissues and organs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate and distinguish serum concentration profiles of IFN-gamma and IL-2 within a 30-d period after allo-HSCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 62 patients, <i>i.e.</i>, 30 (48%) male and 32 (52%) female subjects [median age 49.5 (19-68) years], after allo-HSCT from siblings (<i>n</i> = 12) or unrelated donors (<i>n</i> = 50) due to acute myeloid leukemia with myeloablative conditioning (<i>n</i> = 26; 42%) and with non-myeloablative conditioning (<i>n</i> = 36; 58%). All patients were given standard immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin-A and methotrexate and pre-transplant antithymocyte globulin in the unrelated setting. Blood samples were collected pre-transplant before and after (on day -1) the conditioning therapy and on days +2,+4, +6, +10, +20, and +30 after allo-HSCT. Serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were determined using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were divided into four groups depending on the presence of acute GvHD and clinical manifestations of infection. Group I included patients with neither acute GvHD nor infections [<i>n</i> = 15 (24%)], group II consisted of patients with infections without acute GvHD [<i>n</i> = 17 (27%)], group III was comprised of patients with acute GvHD without infections [<i>n</i> = 9 (15%)], and group IV included patients with both acute GvHD and infections [<i>n</i> = 21 (34%)]. IFN-gamma concentrations were higher in Group II than in other groups on days +20 (<i>P</i> = 0.014) and +30 (<i>P</i> = 0.008). Post-hoc tests showed lower concentrations of IFN-gamma on day +30 in groups I (<i>P</i> = 0.039) and IV (<i>P</i> = 0.017) compared to group II. The levels of IL-2 were mostly undetectable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum levels of IFN-gamma following allo-HSCT progressively escalate. High serum levels of IFN-gamma are related to infectious complications rather than acute GvHD. Serum concentrations of IL-2 in most patients are undetectable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"13 4","pages":"72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/9c/WJBC-13-72.PMC9521416.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progesterone in gender-affirming therapy of trans women.","authors":"Charalampos Milionis,&nbsp;Ioannis Ilias,&nbsp;Eftychia Koukkou","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i3.66","DOIUrl":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i3.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone with an important role for the physiology of the female reproductive system and the mammary gland. It has additional significant actions in other tissues, such as the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, and bones. The present article explores potential clinical implications from the addition of bioidentical progesterone to gender-affirming treatment of trans women. For this purpose, it provides an overview of the physiological action of progesterone in target tissues and speculates on possible benefits for gender transitioning. Progesterone is expected to exert moderate anti-androgen action through suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and inhibition of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. It may also contribute to breast maturation. In the long-term, progesterone could prevent bone loss and protect cardiovascular health. The potential benefits are mainly inferred by extrapolating evidence from biological actions in cisgender women and medical assumptions and hence, clinicians need to be cautious when applying these data into practice. Further research is needed to ascertain the efficacy and safety of progesterone in current hormonal regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"13 3","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/58/WJBC-13-66.PMC10558402.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9614858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy against COVID-19: Promising evidence from in vitro results","authors":"P. Mallis, T. Chatzistamatiou, Zetta Dimou, E. Sarri, E. Georgiou, M. Salagianni, Vasiliki Triantafyllia, E. Andreakos, C. Stavropoulos‐Giokas, E. Michalopoulos","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which was initiated in December 2019. COVID-19 is characterized by a low mortality rate (< 6%); however, this percentage is higher in elderly people and patients with underlying disorders. COVID-19 is characterized by mild to severe outcomes. Currently, several therapeutic strategies are evaluated, such as the use of anti-viral drugs, prophylactic treatment, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccination. Advanced cellular therapies are also investigated, thus representing an additional therapeutic tool for clinicians. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known for their immunoregulatory properties, may halt the induced cytokine release syndrome mediated by SARS-CoV-2, and can be considered as a potential stem cell therapy. AIM To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs, upon stimulation with COVID-19 patient serum. METHODS MSCs derived from the human Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) tissue and bone marrow (BM) were isolated, cryopreserved, expanded, and defined according to the criteria outlined by the International Society for Cellular Therapies. Then, WJ and BM-MSCs were stimulated with a culture medium containing 15% COVID-19 patient serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% L-glutamine for 48 h. The quantification of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor a (Ra), IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was performed using commercial ELISA kits. The expression of HLA-G1, G5, and G7 was evaluated in unstimulated and stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs. Finally, the interactions between MSCs and patients’ macrophages were established using co-culture experiments. RESULTS Thawed WJ and BM-MSCs exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, successfully differentiated to “osteocytes”, “adipocytes”, and “chondrocytes”, and in flow cytometric analysis were characterized by positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105 (> 95%) and negativity for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (< 2%). Moreover, stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs were characterized by increased cytoplasmic granulation, in comparison to unstimulated cells. The HLA-G isoforms (G1, G5, and G7) were successfully expressed by the unstimulated and stimulated WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, only weak expression of HLA-G1 was identified in BM-MSCs. Stimulated MSCs secreted high levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β1, FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and IDO in comparison to unstimulated cells (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. Finally, macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients successfully adapted the M2 phenotype after co-culturing with stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION WJ and BM-MSCs successfully produced high levels of immunoregulatory agents, which may efficiently modulate the over-activated immune responses of critically ill COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"38 1","pages":"47 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81316309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIN28A: A multifunctional versatile molecule with future therapeutic potential","authors":"Kenneth Wu, T. Ahmad, R. Eri","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.35","url":null,"abstract":"An RNA-binding protein, LIN28A was initially discovered in nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and regulated stem cell differentiation and proliferation. With the aid of mouse models and cancer stem cells models, LIN28A demonstrated a similar role in mammalian stem cells. Subsequent studies revealed LIN28A’s roles in regulating cell cycle and growth, tissue repair, and metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. Through regulation by pluripotency and neurotrophic factors, LIN28A performs these roles through let-7 dependent (binding to let-7) or independent (binding directly to mature mRNA) pathways. Elevated LIN28A levels are associated with cancers such as breast, colon, and ovarian cancers. Overexpressed LIN28A has been implicated in liver diseases and Rett syndrome whereas loss of LIN28A was linked to Parkinson’s disease. LIN28A inhibitors, LIN28A-specific nanobodies, and deubiquitinases targeting LIN28A could be feasible options for cancer treatments while drugs upregulating LIN28A could be used in regenerative therapy for neuropathies. We will review the upstream and downstream signalling pathways of LIN28A and its physiological functions. Then, we will examine current research and gaps in research regarding its mechanisms in conditions such as cancers, liver diseases, and neurological diseases. We will also look at the therapeutic potential of LIN28A in RNA-targeted therapies including small interfering RNAs and RNA-protein interactions.","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"80 1","pages":"35 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75828695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased monoamine oxidase activity and imidazoline binding sites in insulin-resistant adipocytes from obese Zucker rats.","authors":"Christian Carpéné,&nbsp;Luc Marti,&nbsp;Nathalie Morin","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite overt insulin resistance, adipocytes of genetically obese Zucker rats accumulate the excess of calorie intake in the form of lipids.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate whether factors can replace or reinforce insulin lipogenic action by exploring glucose uptake activation by hydrogen peroxide, since it is produced by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in adipocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>³H-2-deoxyglucose uptake (2-DG) was determined in adipocytes from obese and lean rats in response to insulin or MAO and SSAO substrates such as tyramine and benzylamine. ¹⁴C-tyramine oxidation and binding of imidazolinic radioligands [³H-Idazoxan, ³H-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline] were studied in adipocytes, the liver, and muscle. The influence of <i>in vivo</i> administration of tyramine + vanadium on glucose handling was assessed in lean and obese rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2-DG uptake and lipogenesis stimulation by insulin were dampened in adipocytes from obese rats, when compared to their lean littermates. Tyramine and benzylamine activation of hexose uptake was vanadate-dependent and was also limited, while MAO was increased and SSAO decreased. These changes were adipocyte-specific and accompanied by a greater number of imidazoline I₂ binding sites in the obese rat, when compared to the lean. <i>In vitro</i>, tyramine precluded the binding to I₂ sites, while <i>in vivo</i>, its administration together with vanadium lowered fasting plasma levels of glucose and triacylglycerols in obese rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adipocytes from obese Zucker rats exhibit increased MAO activity and imidazoline binding site number. However, probably as a consequence of SSAO down-regulation, the glucose transport stimulation by tyramine is decreased as much as that of insulin in these insulin-resistant adipocytes. The adipocyte amine oxidases deserve more studies with respect to their putative contribution to the management of glucose and lipid handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/d6/WJBC-13-15.PMC8790288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39591776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of the role of tyrosine kinase 2 signaling in immune responses.","authors":"Ryuta Muromoto,&nbsp;Kenji Oritani,&nbsp;Tadashi Matsuda","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune system is a complex network that clears pathogens, toxic substrates, and cancer cells. Distinguishing self-antigens from non-self-antigens is critical for the immune cell-mediated response against foreign antigens. The innate immune system elicits an early-phase response to various stimuli, whereas the adaptive immune response is tailored to previously encountered antigens. During immune responses, B cells differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, while naïve T cells differentiate into functionally specific effector cells [T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells]. However, enhanced or prolonged immune responses can result in autoimmune disorders, which are characterized by lymphocyte-mediated immune responses against self-antigens. Signal transduction of cytokines, which regulate the inflammatory cascades, is dependent on the members of the Janus family of protein kinases. Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) is associated with receptor subunits of immune-related cytokines, such as type I interferon, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23. Clinical studies on the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Tyk2 inhibitors in autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases are currently ongoing. This review summarizes the findings of studies examining the role of Tyk2 in immune and/or inflammatory responses using <i>Tyk2</i>-deficient cells and mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1e/26/WJBC-13-1.PMC8790287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39894370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remission is not maintained over 2 years with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Sathish Muthu,&nbsp;Madhan Jeyaraman,&nbsp;Rajni Ranjan,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar Jha","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v12.i6.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v12.i6.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is being accepted as a standard of care in various inflammatory diseases. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been closely evolving with the understanding of disease pathogenesis. With the rising resistance to the traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and targeted biological therapy, researchers are in pursuit of other methods for disease management. Since the ultimate goal of the ideal treatment of RA is to restore immune tolerance, HSCT attracts much attention considering its reparative, paracrine, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, a systematic review of studies on HSCT in RA is lacking.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the role of HSCT in the management of RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed search of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Web of Science databases was made to identify the relevant articles till September 2020 following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data including the number of patients, source of hematopoietic stem cells, their mobilization and conditioning regimens, results, and complications from the eligible studies. Results were dichotomized into success (ACR 50/70) and failure (ACR 20) based on the improvement from baseline characteristics. The methodological quality of the included studies was also assessed. Analysis was performed using OpenMeta[Analysis] software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 17 studies (1 randomized controlled trial, 11 prospective, and 5 retrospective studies) with 233 patients for analysis. HSCT provided a significantly beneficial overall improvement in the clinical grades of ACR criteria (<i>Z</i> = 11.309, <i>P <</i> 0.001). However, the remission was noted only till 24 mo and later on the significance of the result was lost (<i>Z</i> = 1.737, <i>P</i> = 0.082). A less than 1% treatment-related mortality was noted from the included studies. No major drug-related toxicities were noted in any of the included studies. All patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT received immunosuppression in the conditioning regimen to counteract the graft-<i>vs</i>-host reaction which made them vulnerable to infections. It is noted that the source of hematopoietic stem cells did not play a role in altering the functional outcome and both autologous (<i>Z</i> = 9.972, <i>P <</i> 0.001) and allogenic (<i>Z</i> = 6.978, <i>P <</i> 0.001) sources produced significant improvement in the outcome compared to the pre-operative state despite having a significant heterogeneity among the studies reporting them (<i>I</i> ² = 99.4, <i>P <</i> 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the available literature is encouraging towards the use of HSCT in refractory cases with significant improvement from baseline till 2 years, the inclusion of HSCT into the standard of care of RA needs further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"12 6","pages":"114-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/c3/WJBC-12-114.PMC8637617.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39812396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotection by dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs <i>via</i> the modulation of AKT-signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Yuka Ikeda,&nbsp;Nozomi Nagase,&nbsp;Ai Tsuji,&nbsp;Yasuko Kitagishi,&nbsp;Satoru Matsuda","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v12.i6.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v12.i6.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common reason for progressive dementia in the elderly. It has been shown that disorders of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are related to the AD. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of the neuronal impairment caused by diabetic hyperglycemia is intricate, which contains neuro-inflammation and/or neurodegeneration and dementia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is interesting as a possible link between metabolism and brain impairment. Modulation of GLP1 activity can influence amyloid-beta peptide aggregation <i>via</i> the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in AD. The GLP1 receptor agonists have been shown to have favorable actions on the brain such as the improvement of neurological deficit. They might also exert a beneficial effect with refining learning and memory on the cognitive impairment induced by diabetes. Recent experimental and clinical evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, being currently used for DM therapy, may also be effective for AD treatment. The DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotection and cognitive improvements in animal models. Although further studies for mTOR, GLP1, and DPP4 signaling pathways in humans would be intensively required, they seem to be a promising approach for innovative AD-treatments. We would like to review the characteristics of AD pathogenesis, the key roles of mTOR in AD and the preventive and/ or therapeutic suggestions of directing the mTOR signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"12 6","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/2b/WJBC-12-104.PMC8637616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39812395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics: Concepts and applications in human medicine.","authors":"Safa Al-Amrani,&nbsp;Zaaima Al-Jabri,&nbsp;Adhari Al-Zaabi,&nbsp;Jalila Alshekaili,&nbsp;Murtadha Al-Khabori","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteomics is the complete evaluation of the function and structure of proteins to understand an organism's nature. Mass spectrometry is an essential tool that is used for profiling proteins in the cell. However, biomarker discovery remains the major challenge of proteomics because of their complexity and dynamicity. Therefore, combining the proteomics approach with genomics and bioinformatics will provide an understanding of the information of biological systems and their disease alteration. However, most studies have investigated a small part of the proteins in the blood. This review highlights the types of proteomics, the available proteomic techniques, and their applications in different research fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"12 5","pages":"57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/58/WJBC-12-57.PMC8473418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39527982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholic liver disease: Current insights into cellular mechanisms.","authors":"Lucy Petagine,&nbsp;Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala,&nbsp;Vinood B Patel","doi":"10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) due to chronic alcohol consumption is a significant global disease burden and a leading cause of mortality. Alcohol abuse induces a myriad of aberrant changes in hepatocytes at both the cellular and molecular level. Although the disease spectrum of ALD is widely recognized, the precise triggers for disease progression are still to be fully elucidated. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis and altered immune system response plays an important role in disease pathogenesis, triggering the activation of inflammatory pathways and apoptosis. Despite many recent clinical studies treatment options for ALD are limited, especially at the alcoholic hepatitis stage. We have therefore reviewed some of the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ALD and highlighted current trials for treating patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23691,"journal":{"name":"World journal of biological chemistry","volume":"12 5","pages":"87-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/46/WJBC-12-87.PMC8473419.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39527984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}