2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Switching and Conduction Losses of Uni- and Bidirectional SiC Semiconductor Switches for AC Applications","authors":"D. Goldmann, Sebastian Mayer, S. Schramm, H. Herzog","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570496","url":null,"abstract":"The presented research elaborates on the increase in conduction and switching losses when combining two regular SiC MosFETs to one bidirectional switch. The conduction losses are expected to double due to two semiconductors conducting the current while the switching losses should increase since the loop inductance is increased. Both effects are directly investigated through extensive double pulse tests and conduction loss measurements. The measured conduction losses are significantly lower than expected while no increase in switching losses can be measured. These directly measured losses are further verified through efficiency measurements with a 15 kW dc-dc converter prototype.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116983863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converter Meets Distance Protection: A Good Match?","authors":"M. Kleemann, Nathan Baeckeland","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570424","url":null,"abstract":"State of the art distance protection can misoperate in electricity grids fed by power electronic converters. This paper investigates how these converters should inject fault currents to mitigate such misoperations. Three fault current injection strategies are investigated in a transient simulation. Findings are validated in a laboratory setup with a commercial distance protection relay. The main result is that injecting positive and negative fault current to balance the converters’ voltages in conjunction with an adapted quadrilateral characteristics can render distance protection effective.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127077873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third phase solutions for compensation of second order harmonics in single-phase grid connected medium voltage converters","authors":"Stefan Schönewolf, A. Nagel, M. Bakran","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570494","url":null,"abstract":"To eliminate bulky passive components used for the compensation of pulsating power flow in applications supplied from single phase AC grids, many solutions employing power electronics have been presented in the pertinent literature. One subclass of these solutions attaches an additional phase to an existing four-quadrant converter (4QC), to control a compensating power flow to a fully AC rated capacitor used as energy storage element. In this paper, it is shown that in medium voltage applications like railway traction, DC biased film capacitors reach significantly higher energy density compared to fully AC rated devices. For this reason, the existing topology is converted to a multilevel structure employing a DC biased capacitor as energy storage element, providing additional degrees of freedom for the current to be injected into the four-quadrant converter. By using an optimized current shape, the ratings for the passive components can be decreased at nearly constant semiconductor switch power compared to the original solution. Simulations results are shown to prove that the compensation works with the proposed solutions.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127174860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant Switched Capacitor DC-DC converter for Data Center applications","authors":"Haitao Chen, Waqar Ahmad, Zheng-yan He, Xingzhong Zhang, Zhengdong Jiang","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570539","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid technological advancement and huge consumer requirements for cloud complex computing, Internet of things, big data storage and owing to various other increased consumer needs there comes more and more strain on the data centers. Furthermore, data centers too, have undergone through significant evolution in the recent years which has led their power losses to grow enormous and the CO2 emission as well has become significant. To provide a solution to an evergrowing stress on data centers and their huge power losses, in this paper a non-isolated, non-regulated, fixed voltage conversion ratio (4:1) step-down, DC-DC converter i.e. Resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter (RSCC) for data center applications are proposed, presented and designed for achieving high efficiency and high-power density. Simulation validation and hardware design is done for the production of a hardware prototype. Moreover, the design methodology of resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter prototype is presented.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127500509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervised imitation learning of FS-MPC algorithm for multilevel converters","authors":"M. Novak, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570581","url":null,"abstract":"Model predictive control (MPC) applications for multilevel power electronics converters are often facing problems of a high computation burden. By using supervised imitation learning, it is possible to synthesise computationally light controllers, which can capture the behaviour of computationally heavy MPC. To obtain a high performance controller, which can do the correct control actions, training data generation and pre-processing of the data are of high importance. This paper presents guidelines for training data generation and artificial neural network (ANN) controller design for a multistep-horizon finite set FS-MPC applied to neutral point clamped (NPC) converter. A particular challenge of the selected converter topology is that some control actions are used more often than others, thus the training data will be heavy skewed i.e. it will be difficult for the controller to learn when to apply these actions due to the lack of data. A workaround for solving this challenge is discussed in the paper. The performance and the robustness of the designed controller has been validated in a hardware in the loop (HIL) system, where the limitations of the synthesised ANN controller were explored. It was observed that ANN controller performance can match the performance of the FS-MPC algorithm when operating within the span of training data values and the computational burden was much lower.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery Management System Evaluation within a Complete Electric Vehicle Model with Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Approaches","authors":"Matthieu Ponchant, An Li, C. Beckers, M. Paroha","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570477","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed battery pack model has been developed within Simcenter Amesim by Siemens Industry Software. The model illustrates the Battery Management System (BMS) control development process from Model in the Loop (MiL), Software in the Loop (SiL) to Hardware in the Loop (HiL). The battery pack model has been integrated in a validated vehicle model, which corresponds to an existing vehicle developed by Voltia, named the Voltia eVan. This originally diesel engine powered light duty trucks have been electrified. The electrified version has been tested on the roller bench at the Eindhoven University of Technology.The interest of detailing the battery pack model is to have access to a multiple virtual temperature and voltage sensors, which allows validating the balancing methodologies that could be integrated in a BMS. A real-time analysis of the model has been conducted to ensure the model is compatible with the control constraint of the BMS.Finally, the complete model has been connected to a functional BMS in order to validate the approach. For that purpose, several BMS functions have been implemented in the control model developed with MATLAB/Simulink, such as the state of charge (SOC) estimation, the cell balancing, the charge/discharging and the thermal management. Once the cosimulation in SiL environment has been validated, a test on HiL platform has been done in real-time condition in order to reproduce realistic cell balancing and to study charging strategies, which are key functions to ensure better lifetime of the battery.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125284991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small—Signal Stability Analysis of Synthetic Inertia—Based Photovoltaic Generators","authors":"Meysam Saeedian, Mobina Pouresmaeil, A. Sepehr, S. Taheri, E. Pouresmaeil","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570644","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency stability is a consequential issue in power systems dominated by inverter—based generators. To mitigate potential frequency stability problems, inertia emulation concept must be employed in the control of interfaced inverters. This study presents the small—signal state—space realization of a double—stage photovoltaic (PV) generator augmented with synthetic inertia emulator (SIE). The inertia power is provided by the inverter dc—link ultracapacitor. Synchronization of the generator with the host grid is performed using a fast but accurate frequency—locked loop (FLL). The impact of synthetic inertia loop and FLL bandwidth on the PV generator stability is scrutinized as the main contribution. The accuracy of theoretical studies and proper operation of the PV generator are examined through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125524862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control and Fault Monitoring of Modular Dual Active Bridge Converters","authors":"Samar Aidrus, Priyanka Ghosh, Philipp Joebges, R. D. De Doncker","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570446","url":null,"abstract":"Modular DC-DC converters are a promising solution for many applications due to their flexible adaption to various voltage and power levels. However, this modularization involves an increased control effort to achieve symmetrical voltage and current distribution among the converter modules. In this work, a three-phase modular Dual Active Bridge (DAB3) converter is considered, wherein the individual converters are connected in input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) configuration. In order to address the problems of unequal power distribution among the modules, a new control strategy with uniform input-voltage distribution is proposed and verified using real-time simulation. Furthermore, the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of two ISOP connected DAB3 converters is simulated for a short circuit DC fault at the output. Finally, a novel pulse pattern generator (PPG), executed in VHDL, is used to verify the modulation strategy employed for FRT.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115202643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering of electrical generators in a multirotor wind turbine with inertia emulation","authors":"Rui Alves, P. Jamieson, A. Egea-Àlvarez","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570502","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative control scheme of a multirotor wind turbine (MRWT) based on N parallel permanent magnet synchronous generators connected to a single back-to-back converter is presented, aiming at an overall cost and weight reduction of the system. This control solution is based on the MPPT mode of operation, to maximize power extraction when in below rated wind speed, together with standard vector current control. An inertia emulation controller was added to the model to provide primary frequency control to the network. Various simulations were carried out to validate the model considering five rotors. Furthermore, a comparison between the system behaviour and power extraction is performed against a MRWT with dedicated converters for each generator. Inertia emulation is also reproduced. Low voltage ride-through was validated by means of simulations. It was concluded that the clustering configuration is robust and might be a suitable solution for a MRWT.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115532509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management and ECO-strategies modeling of electric bus fleets in Barcelona city","authors":"Mohammed Mahedi Hasan, M. El Baghdadi, J. Van Mierlo, O. Hegazy","doi":"10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570530","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the development of ECO-strategies, including ECO-driving, ECO-charging, and ECO-comfort, for fleets of electric buses traveling in two routes in Barcelona, route H16 and route L33, in terms of their energy utilization, total cost of ownership and the impact on the grid. The efficacy of each ECO-strategy is evaluated with respect to the driving and climatic conditions. To evaluate the effects of climate, fleet simulations for Barcelona are run for mid-summer and mid-winter, in normal mode as well as for each of the ECO modes independently and all combined. To evaluate the effects of driving condition, two different routes with different average velocities and elevation profiles are considered. The fleet consists of four types of electric buses that are evaluated, including two 12m and two 18m buses, with different battery capacities and chemistries. Simulation results showed that the battery capacities for the 12m buses were more than sufficient to allow the buses to undertake two or three return trips before requiring charging. However, for the 18m buses the capacity was just sufficient to make one return trip in either of the routes being considered, not allowing much room for battery capacity degradation; thus, it is recommended to apply ECO-features to reduce the energy utilization rate, increase the number of charging points along the route, or increase the battery capacity. Results show that ECO-driving is more effective when the average velocity of the route is higher; thus, route H16 with an average route velocity of 2.64m/s shows no discernable energy savings, while route L33 with an average route velocity of 3.23m/s has 5% ~ 7% energy savings. Similarly, results show that ECO-comfort is optimized for cooling, with substantial energy savings of 23% during summer and 18% during winter. Finally, ECO-charging shows more energy savings for high charging c-rate; LTO batteries, with a c-rate of -5C showing 5% ~ 6% more savings than NMC battery, with a c-rate of -2.5C.","PeriodicalId":236701,"journal":{"name":"2021 23rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'21 ECCE Europe)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116115843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}