Vision Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020031

K. Miyagishima, Fengyu Qiao, Steven F. Stasheff, F. Nadal-Nicolás

{"title":"Visual Deficits and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Bridging Science and Patient-Centered Care","authors":"K. Miyagishima, Fengyu Qiao, Steven F. Stasheff, F. Nadal-Nicolás","doi":"10.3390/vision8020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020031","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents characterized by multisystemic clinical manifestations. Mutations in neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the Nf1 tumor suppressor gene, result in dysregulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway leading to uncontrolled cell growth and migration. Neurofibromin is highly expressed in several cell lineages including melanocytes, glial cells, neurons, and Schwann cells. Individuals with NF1 possess a genetic predisposition to central nervous system neoplasms, particularly gliomas affecting the visual pathway, known as optic pathway gliomas (OPGs). While OPGs are typically asymptomatic and benign, they can induce visual impairment in some patients. This review provides insight into the spectrum and visual outcomes of NF1, current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions, and explores the influence of NF1-OPGS on visual abnormalities. We focus on recent advancements in preclinical animal models to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NF1 pathology and therapies targeting NF1-OPGs. Overall, our review highlights the involvement of retinal ganglion cell dysfunction and degeneration in NF1 disease, and the need for further research to transform scientific laboratory discoveries to improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Morphometric Study of the Pars Plana of the Ciliary Body in Human Cadaver Eyes 人眼睫状体旁形态计量学研究

Vision Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020030

Jaime Guedes, Bruno F. Fernandes, D. J. Mora-Paez, Rodrigo Brazuna, Alexandre Batista da Costa Neto, D. Amaral, Adriano Cypriano Faneli, Ricardo Danilo Chagas Oliveira, Adroaldo de Alencar Costa Filho, Adalmir Morterá Dantas

{"title":"A Morphometric Study of the Pars Plana of the Ciliary Body in Human Cadaver Eyes","authors":"Jaime Guedes, Bruno F. Fernandes, D. J. Mora-Paez, Rodrigo Brazuna, Alexandre Batista da Costa Neto, D. Amaral, Adriano Cypriano Faneli, Ricardo Danilo Chagas Oliveira, Adroaldo de Alencar Costa Filho, Adalmir Morterá Dantas","doi":"10.3390/vision8020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020030","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the pars plana length in postmortem human eyes using advanced morphometric techniques and correlate demographics to ocular metrics such as age, sex, ethnicity, and axial length. Between February and July 2005, we conducted a cross-sectional observational study on 46 human cadaver eyes deemed unsuitable for transplant by the SBO Eye Bank. The morphometric analysis was performed on projected images using a surgical microscope and a video-microscopy system with a 20.5:1 correction factor. The pars plana length was measured three times per quadrant, with the final value being the mean of these measurements. Of the 46 eyes collected, 9 were unsuitable for the study due to technical constraints in conducting intraocular measurements. Overall, the average axial length was 25.20 mm. The average pars plana length was 3.8 mm in all quadrants, with no measurements below 2.8 mm or above 4.9 mm. There were no statistically significant variations across quadrants or with age, sex, axial length, or laterality. Accurately defining the pars plana dimensions is crucial for safely accessing the posterior segment of the eye and minimizing complications during intraocular procedures, such as intravitreal injections and vitreoretinal surgeries.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncovering the Role of the Early Visual Cortex in Visual Mental Imagery 揭示早期视觉皮层在视觉心理想象中的作用

Vision Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020029

Nadine Dijkstra

引用次数: 0

Biological Sunglasses in a Deep-Sea Squid: Pigment Migration in the Retina of Gonatus onyx 深海乌贼的生物太阳镜：缟鳕视网膜中的色素迁移

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020026

Ryan B. Howard, Jessica Kniller, Kathrin S. R. Bolstad, Monica L. Acosta

引用次数: 0

A Pilot Study to Improve Cognitive Performance and Pupil Responses in Mild Cognitive Impaired Patients Using Gaze-Controlled Gaming 利用凝视控制游戏改善轻度认知障碍患者认知能力和瞳孔反应的试点研究

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020025

M. Solé Puig, Patricia Bustos Valenzuela, August Romeo, Hans Supèr

引用次数: 0

Features Associated with Visible Lamina Cribrosa Pores in Individuals of African Ancestry with Glaucoma: Primary Open-Angle African Ancestry Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study 与患有青光眼的非洲裔个体的可见颅底角膜孔相关的特征：原发性开角型非洲裔青光眼遗传学（POAAGG）研究

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020024

Jalin A. Jordan, Ebenezer Daniel, Yineng Chen, Rebecca J. Salowe, Yan Zhu, E. Miller-Ellis, Victoria M. Addis, P. Sankar, Di Zhu, Eli J. Smith, Roy Lee, Gui-Shuang Ying, Joan M. O’Brien

{"title":"Features Associated with Visible Lamina Cribrosa Pores in Individuals of African Ancestry with Glaucoma: Primary Open-Angle African Ancestry Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study","authors":"Jalin A. Jordan, Ebenezer Daniel, Yineng Chen, Rebecca J. Salowe, Yan Zhu, E. Miller-Ellis, Victoria M. Addis, P. Sankar, Di Zhu, Eli J. Smith, Roy Lee, Gui-Shuang Ying, Joan M. O’Brien","doi":"10.3390/vision8020024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020024","url":null,"abstract":"There are scarce data regarding the rate of the occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and visible lamina cribrosa pores (LCPs) in the eyes of individuals with African ancestry; the potential impact of these features on disease burden remains unknown. We recruited subjects with POAG to the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Through regression models, we evaluated the association between the presence of LCPs and various phenotypic features. In a multivariable analysis of 1187 glaucomatous eyes, LCPs were found to be more likely to be present in eyes with cup-to-disc ratios (CDR) of ≥0.9 (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.11, 95%CI: 1.04–1.19, p = 0.005), eyes with cylindrical-shaped (aRR 1.22, 95%CI: 1.11–1.33) and bean pot (aRR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.13–1.36) cups versus conical cups (p < 0.0001), moderate cup depth (aRR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.06–1.46) and deep cups (aRR 1.27, 95%CI: 1.07–1.50) compared to shallow cups (p = 0.01), and the nasalization of central retinal vessels (aRR 1.33, 95%CI: 1.23–1.44), p < 0.0001). Eyes with LCPs were more likely to have a higher degree of African ancestry (q0), determined by means of SNP analysis (aRR 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.005 for per 0.1 increase in q0). Our large cohort of POAG cases of people with African ancestry showed that LCPs may be an important risk factor in identifying severe disease, potentially warranting closer monitoring by physicians.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-Term Morpho-Functional Changes before and after Strabismus Surgery in Children Using Structural Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study 使用结构性光学相干断层扫描观察儿童斜视手术前后的短期形态功能变化：试点研究

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020021

Pasquale Viggiano, Marida Gaudiomonte, Ugo Procoli, Luisa Micelli Ferrari, Enrico Borrelli, Giacomo Boscia, Andrea Ferrara, Fabio De Vitis, Gemma Scalise, Valeria Albano, Giovanni Alessio, Francesco Boscia

{"title":"Short-Term Morpho-Functional Changes before and after Strabismus Surgery in Children Using Structural Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study","authors":"Pasquale Viggiano, Marida Gaudiomonte, Ugo Procoli, Luisa Micelli Ferrari, Enrico Borrelli, Giacomo Boscia, Andrea Ferrara, Fabio De Vitis, Gemma Scalise, Valeria Albano, Giovanni Alessio, Francesco Boscia","doi":"10.3390/vision8020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020021","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the immediate alterations in the thickness of the macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner retinal layer (IRL), and outer retinal layer (ORL) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) subsequent to strabismus surgery in pediatric patients diagnosed with horizontal esotropia. Methods: Twenty-eight eyes from twenty-one child patients who had undergone uncomplicated horizontal rectus muscle surgery due to strabismus were included. Measurements of RNFL, mGCL-IPL, IRL, and ORL using structural OCT were conducted both before the surgery and one month after the surgical procedure. Importantly, a control group comprising 14 healthy eyes, matched for age and significant refractive error (<3.00 diopters), was included in the current analysis. Results: Our analysis indicated no significant disparity before and after surgery in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), RNFL, IRL, and ORL. Conversely, concerning the macular ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer analysis, a substantial increase in mGCL-IPL was observed following the surgical intervention. The mean mGCL-IPL measured 60.8 ± 9.2 μm at baseline and 66.1 ± 13.2 μm one month after the surgery (p = 0.026). Notably, comparison between the strabismus group at baseline and the healthy group revealed a significant reduction in mGCL-IPL in the strabismus group (60.8 ± 9.2) compared to the healthy control group (68.3 ± 7.2; p = 0.014). Conclusions: Following strabismus surgery, our observations pointed towards a thickening of the mGCL-IPL layer, which is likely attributable to transient local inflammation. Additionally, we identified a significant differentiation in the mGCL-IPL complex between the pediatric patient group with strabismus and the control group.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":"26 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Competing Social and Symbolic Cues on Observers’ Gaze Behaviour 相互竞争的社会和符号线索对观察者注视行为的影响

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020023

Flora Ioannidou, F. Hermens

引用次数: 0

An Insight into Knowledge, Perspective, and Practices of Indian Optometrists towards Childhood Myopia 洞察印度验光师对儿童近视的认识、观点和做法

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020022

Archana Naik, Siddharth K. Karthikeyan, Jivitha Jyothi Ramesh, Shwetha Bhaskar, C. A. Ganapathi, Sayantani Biswas

{"title":"An Insight into Knowledge, Perspective, and Practices of Indian Optometrists towards Childhood Myopia","authors":"Archana Naik, Siddharth K. Karthikeyan, Jivitha Jyothi Ramesh, Shwetha Bhaskar, C. A. Ganapathi, Sayantani Biswas","doi":"10.3390/vision8020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020022","url":null,"abstract":"The current understanding of clinical approaches and barriers in managing childhood myopia among Indian optometrists is limited. This research underscores the necessity and relevance of evidence-based practice guidelines by exploring their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards childhood myopia. A self-administered internet-based 26-item survey was circulated online among practicing optometrists in India. The questions assessed the demographics, knowledge, self-reported clinical practice behavior, barriers, source of information guiding their management, and extent of adult caregiver engagement for childhood myopia. Of 393 responses, a significant proportion of respondents (32.6–92.4%) were unaware of the ocular complications associated with high myopia, with less than half (46.5%) routinely performing ocular biometry in clinical practice. Despite the growing awareness of emerging myopia management options, the uptake remains generally poor, with single-vision distance full-correction spectacles (70.3%) being the most common mode of vision correction. Barriers to adopting optimal myopia care are medicolegal concerns, absence of clinical practice guidelines, and inadequate consultation time. Own clinical experience and original research articles were the primary sources of information supporting clinical practice. Most (>70%) respondents considered involving the adult caregiver in their child’s clinical decision-making process. While practitioners’ awareness and activity of newer myopia management strategies are improving, there is plenty of scope for its enhancement. The importance of evidence-based practice guidelines and continuing education on myopia control might help practitioners enhance their clinical decision-making skills.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":"358 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Properties of Gaze Strategies Based on Eye–Head Coordination in a Ball-Catching Task 接球任务中基于眼头协调的注视策略的特性

Vision Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020020

Seiji Ono, Yusei Yoshimura, Ryosuke Shinkai, T. Kizuka

{"title":"Properties of Gaze Strategies Based on Eye–Head Coordination in a Ball-Catching Task","authors":"Seiji Ono, Yusei Yoshimura, Ryosuke Shinkai, T. Kizuka","doi":"10.3390/vision8020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020020","url":null,"abstract":"Visual motion information plays an important role in the control of movements in sports. Skilled ball players are thought to acquire accurate visual information by using an effective visual search strategy with eye and head movements. However, differences in catching ability and gaze movements due to sports experience and expertise have not been clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of gaze strategies based on eye and head movements during a ball-catching task in athlete and novice groups. Participants were softball and tennis players and college students who were not experienced in ball sports (novice). They performed a one-handed catching task using a tennis ball-shooting machine, which was placed at 9 m in front of the participants, and two conditions were set depending on the height of the ball trajectory (high and low conditions). Their head and eye velocities were detected using a gyroscope and electrooculography (EOG) during the task. Our results showed that the upward head velocity and the downward eye velocity were lower in the softball group than in the tennis and novice groups. When the head was pitched upward, the downward eye velocity was induced from the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during ball catching. Therefore, it is suggested that skilled ball players have relatively stable head and eye movements, which may lead to an effective gaze strategy. An advantage of the stationary gaze in the softball group could be to acquire visual information about the surroundings other than the ball.","PeriodicalId":23649,"journal":{"name":"Vision","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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