S. Maruyama, Y. Yang, M. Sugihara, R. Pitts, B. Li, W. Li, L. Baylor, S. Combs, S. Meitner
{"title":"Fuelling and disruption mitigation in ITER","authors":"S. Maruyama, Y. Yang, M. Sugihara, R. Pitts, B. Li, W. Li, L. Baylor, S. Combs, S. Meitner","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226494","url":null,"abstract":"The ITER tokamak is to be fueled mainly by pellet injection and gas puffing to control discharge parameters. The ITER pellet injection system (PIS) will be the main plasma density control tool for fuelling ITER and also provides ELM pacing functionality. The gas injection system (GIS) provides gas fuelling for plasma and wall conditioning operation, and H2 and D2 gases to NB injectors. The fuelling system also serves the critical function of disruption mitigation, including the suppression of runaway electrons resulting from the mitigation. This paper presents an overview of the ITER fuelling system design and development, the requirements that the disruption mitigation system (DMS) must satisfy and the development strategy to ensure that a reliable DMS is in place for the start of ITER operations.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125747418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kung, R. Ellis, C. Brunkhorst, N. Greenough, E. Fredd, A. Castano, D. Miller, G. D'Amico, R. Yager, J. Hosea, J. Wilson, P. Ryan
{"title":"Simulation results for new NSTX HHFW antenna straps design by using microwave studio","authors":"C. Kung, R. Ellis, C. Brunkhorst, N. Greenough, E. Fredd, A. Castano, D. Miller, G. D'Amico, R. Yager, J. Hosea, J. Wilson, P. Ryan","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226421","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results have shown that the high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) at 30 MHz can provide substantial plasma heating and current drive for the NSTX spherical tokamak operation. However, the present antenna strap design rarely achieves the design goal of delivering the full transmitter capability of 6 MW to the plasma. In order to deliver more power to the plasma, a new antenna strap design and the associated coaxial line feeds are being constructed. This new antenna strap design features two feed-throughs to replace the old single feed-through design. In the design process, CST Microwave Studio has been used to simulate the entire new antenna strap structure including the enclosure and the Faraday shield. In this paper, the antenna strap model and the simulation results will be discussed in detail. The test results from the new antenna straps with their associated resonant loops will be presented as well.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129985114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Michling, I. Cristescu, F. Eichelhardt, S. Welte, W. Wurster
{"title":"Operation and characterization of a Water Detritiation Facility at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe","authors":"R. Michling, I. Cristescu, F. Eichelhardt, S. Welte, W. Wurster","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226511","url":null,"abstract":"For the design of the European procurement package for the ITER Water Detritiation System (WDS) an experimental WDS called TRENTA3 was installed and commissioned at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). For TRENTA3 a Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange (CECE) process has been applied. Two electrolyzer units with a total capacity of 2 (N)m3h−1 H2 and a Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange (LPCE) column equipped with packing materials and a hydrophobic catalyst along an effective length of 8 m are the two main subsystems to process tritiated water. After commission several experimental runs with feed water concentrations ranging from 0.2 GBqkg−1 to 44 GBqkg−1 and with durations up to 4 weeks of continuous operation were performed. The performance of the LPCE column was investigated primarily under the influence of different operational parameter sets. The campaigns revealed excellent results regarding the decontamination factor of the tritiated gas along the column and a high reliability of the system components under tritiated operational conditions.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121336214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust control of the poloidal magnetic flux profile in the presence of unmodeled dynamics","authors":"Y. Ou, Chao Xu, E. Schuster","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226466","url":null,"abstract":"The potential operation of a tokamak fusion reactor in a highly-efficient, steady-state mode is directly related to the achievement of certain types of radial profiles for the current flowing toroidally in the device. The evolution in time of the toroidal current profile in tokamaks is related to the evolution of the poloidal magnetic flux profile, which is modeled in normalized cylindrical coordinates using a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) usually referred to as the magnetic diffusion equation. We propose a robust control scheme to regulate the poloidal magnetic flux profile in tokamaks in the presence of model uncertainties. These uncertainties come mainly from the resistivity term of the magnetic diffusion equation. First we either simulate the magnetic diffusion equation or carry out experiments to generate data ensembles, from which we then extract the most energetic modes to obtain a reduced order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection. The obtained reduced-order model corresponds to a linear state space representation with uncertainty. Taking advantage of the structure of the state matrices, the reduced order model is reformulated into a robust control framework, with the resistivity term as an uncertain parameter. An H∞ controller is designed to minimize the regulation/tracking error. Finally, the synthesized model-based robust controller is tested in simulations.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122269386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kuehn, J. Cordier, S. Chiocchio, B. Levesy, B. Manfreo, J. Reich, G. Rigoni
{"title":"Progress in design integration and configuration control of the ITER machine baseline","authors":"I. Kuehn, J. Cordier, S. Chiocchio, B. Levesy, B. Manfreo, J. Reich, G. Rigoni","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226475","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the Configuration Management Models (CMM), the process, tools and procedures that have been developed to ensure that the design of each system is executed effectively, that the items delivered to the ITER site conform to the specifications and can be integrated, commissioned and operated.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126837350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobile tiles for inertial fusion first wall/blanket","authors":"M. Sawan, E. Marriott, C. S. Aplin, L. Snead","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226442","url":null,"abstract":"A conceptually simple first wall (FW) and blanket design for an inertial fusion system based on utilizing mobile FW tiles is presented. Using these tiles that are periodically removed, annealed, and reinstalled, tritium retention and surface erosion concerns for inertial fusion FW could be mitigated. A conceptual configuration has been developed with consideration for laser beam port accommodation and a simple tile insertion and removal scheme. Tritium self-sufficiency can be achieved with a variety of options. The current preferred design option utilizes liquid Li breeder that serves also as coolant for both the FW tiles and blanket with ferritic steel structural material. Thermal analysis for the carbon fiber composite FW tiles in the HAPL nuclear environment indicates that the maximum temperature will be ∼1300°C.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Heitzenroeder, A. Brooks, J. Chrzanowski, F. Dahlgren, R. Hawryluk, G. Loesser, C. Neumeyer, C. Mansfield, J. Cordier, D. Campbell, G. Johnson, A. Martin, P. Rebut, J. Tao, J.P. Smith, M. Schaffer, D. Humphreys, P. Fogarty, B. Nelson, R. Reed
{"title":"An overview of the iter in-vessel coil systems","authors":"P. Heitzenroeder, A. Brooks, J. Chrzanowski, F. Dahlgren, R. Hawryluk, G. Loesser, C. Neumeyer, C. Mansfield, J. Cordier, D. Campbell, G. Johnson, A. Martin, P. Rebut, J. Tao, J.P. Smith, M. Schaffer, D. Humphreys, P. Fogarty, B. Nelson, R. Reed","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226519","url":null,"abstract":"ELM mitigation is of particular importance in ITER in order to prevent rapid erosion or melting of the divertor surface, with the consequent risk of water leaks, increased plasma impurity content and disruptivity. Exploitable “natural” small or no ELM regimes might yet be found which extrapolate to ITER but this cannot be depended upon. Resonant Magnetic Perturbation has been added to pellet pacing as a tool for ITER to mitigate ELMs. Both are required, since neither method is fully developed and much work remains to be done. In addition, in-vessel coils enable vertical stabilization and RWM control. For these reasons, in-vessel coils (IVCs) are being designed for ITER to provide control of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) in addition to providing control of moderately unstable resistive wall modes (RWMs) and the vertical stability (VS) of the plasma.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High power, high voltage FETs in linear applications: A user's perspective","authors":"N. Greenough, E. Fredd, S. Depasquale","doi":"10.1109/fusion.2009.5226417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2009.5226417","url":null,"abstract":"The specifications of the current crop of high-power, high-voltage field-effect transistors (FETs) can lure a designer into employing them in high-voltage DC equipment. Devices with extremely low on-resistance and very high power ratings are available from several manufacturers. However, our experience shows that high-voltage, linear operation of these devices at near-continuous duty can present difficult reliability challenges at stress levels well-below their published specifications. This paper chronicles the design evolution of a 600 volt, 8 ampere shunt regulator for use with megawatt-class radio transmitters, and presents a final design that has met its reliability criteria.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134499015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Boehm, A. Raffray, N. Alexander, D. Frey, D. Goodin
{"title":"Numerical analysis of using a fluidized bed as a prototypic mass production device for IFE target layering","authors":"K. Boehm, A. Raffray, N. Alexander, D. Frey, D. Goodin","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226372","url":null,"abstract":"A fluidized bed has been identified as a very promising method for mass production of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) targets. While large beds could be filled with many targets to provide large-scale production, a proof of principle can be achieved by small scale laboratory experiments. The nearisothermal environment required for smooth layering to meet the specifications for the ice layer can be maintained, in principle, around each target through the random movement and spin of individual targets in a precisely controlled gas stream. Pre-experimental numerical studies have been performed to define the window of parameters, in which the layering process can be expected to work optimally. These numerical analyses address several topics, including the effect of unbalanced spheres on the bed behavior and ultimately on the target thermal environment, as well as effects of target collisions. The influence of the thermal environment around an individual target on the layer formation needs to be assessed and used as input for the fluidized bed model, as it affects the unbalance of the individual spheres.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131954898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sanchez, R. Bertizzolo, R. Chavan, A. Collazos, M. Henderson, J. Landis
{"title":"Progress on the design and manufacturing of the mirrors for the ITER electron cyclotron heating and current drive upper launcher","authors":"F. Sanchez, R. Bertizzolo, R. Chavan, A. Collazos, M. Henderson, J. Landis","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226491","url":null,"abstract":"Four of the 16 ITER upper port plugs will be devoted to electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in order to control the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132172576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}