Urologiia最新文献

{"title":"[Assessment of the safety and efficacy of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy].","authors":"I Giyasov Sh, B Ziyayev I, T Mukhtarov Sh, U Safaev Y","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (mini-PCNL) depending on stone size, location, density, and the fragmentation method used.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective analysis was performed of the treatment outcomes of 232 patients with urolithiasis treated at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Urology between 2024 and 2026. The mean age of the patients was 34.3+/-15.4 years. All patients underwent mini-PCNL under fluoroscopic guidance using endourological instruments manufactured by Karl Storz (Germany) according to the standard technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With a mean stone size of 13.7+/-6.4 mm (range 6-54 mm), the stone-free rate (SFR) was 92.2%. In patients with stones less or equal 10 mm, 11-20 mm, and >21 mm, the SFR was 98.8%, 96.1%, and 47.8%, respectively (p<0.001). Intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as repeat procedures required to manage complications, were observed in patients with stones located in the renal pelvis and in those with staghorn calculi. An SFR of 100% was achieved for stones located in the middle and lower calyces. The incidence of postoperative complications and the absorbed radiation dose depended on stone density. Holmium laser lithotripsy was associated with a low absorbed radiation dose and a high SFR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Holmium laser mini-PCNL is a safe and effective treatment for renal stones up to 20 mm in size and is associated with low rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications, a low absorbed radiation dose, and a high SFR. The safety and efficacy of mini-PCNL were significantly lower in patients with renal stones >21 mm and staghorn calculi due to higher rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications, the need for additional interventions, a higher absorbed radiation dose, and a lower SFR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148970491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of chronic recurrent cystitis].","authors":"S Ibishev Kh, A Sinelnik E, S M Alkhashash A, Kh Ibishev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) remains a challenging problem in urology, despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment. Traditionally, the disease was primarily associated with bacterial infection; however, in recent years, interest in the role of viral pathogens in its development and maintenance of recurrent course has grown.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study includes the results of examinations of 11 patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Laboratory and instrumental tests were used during the examination: general clinical, cytological, bacteriological, and urine tests, cystoscopy, biopsy, morphological and immunohistochemical examination of bladder biopsies, and bladder ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urine cytological examination revealed lymphocytic infiltration in 100% of cases. In 72.7% of patients, urothelial cells demonstrated characteristic cytological changes: chromatin clearing and increased nuclear size. Cystoscopy revealed moderate vascular injection and areas of pale yellowish mucosa. Morphological examination of bladder mucosal biopsies revealed pronounced lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in all patients (100%). Immunohistochemical examination of mucosal biopsies identified EBV antigens with pronounced nuclear expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus may be involved in the etiology of chronic renal cell cystitis, requiring a targeted and therapeutic approach. The identified cytological, endoscopic morphological, and immunohistochemical markers can serve as a basis for early diagnosis and optimization of treatment in patients with EBV-associated chronic renal cell cystitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: Analysis of Efficacy, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of drug preparation].","authors":"Yu Krutskikh E, V Dutov S, S Andronov A, G Martov A","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is the optimal treatment for kidney stones of 5-20 mm, but the success of the intervention depends on providing access through the ureter. Traditional preoperative stenting is accompanied by stent-associated symptoms that worsen patients quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy, safety feasibility of using Omnic Ocas for drug preparation of the ureter for RIRS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective single-center study of 58 patients divided into groups: receiving Omnic Ocas 0.4 mg/day (n=29) and prestenting group (n=29). Intra- and postoperative parameters were evaluated. Additionally, a systematic review of 10 RCTs (n=1624) was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the local study, the frequency of successful ureteral access sheath installation was comparable between groups (87% vs 92%, p>0.05). The Omnic Ocas group showed significantly better pain scores (3.2+/-1.1 vs 5.9+/-1.6 points, p<0.001), need for analgesics and quality of life according to the USSQ questionnaire (22.5+/-5.7 vs 34.8+/-7.3 points, p<0.001). Systematic review confirmed the advantages of tamsulosin over no preparation and comparable efficacy with prestenting with better tolerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drug preparation with Omnic Ocas is not inferior to prestenting in efficacy, but superior in tolerability and economic feasibility, being a preferred alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis using the immunomodulatory drug sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione].","authors":"N Shibaev A, M Smernitsky A, A Vitkina D","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is characterized by a recurrent course caused by pathogen persistence and impaired local immunity of the prostate.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of the use of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione in the complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The prospective comparative study included 60 men aged 21-50 years with CBP (NIH category II). Patients were randomized into two groups of 30: the comparison group received levofloxacin 500 mg/day for 28 days; the main group additionally received rectal sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione. NIH-CPSI, IPSS, QoL, uroflowmetry, leukocyte and lecithin body counts in prostatic secretion, and bacteriological examination were assessed at baseline and on day 28, and the recurrence rate over 3 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By day 28, the main group showed a more pronounced decrease in the total NIH-CPSI score (8.1+/-2.1 vs 13.4+/-2.6; p<0.001), restoration of lecithin bodies (+65.1% vs +24.5%; p<0.05), normalization of uroflowmetry, and pathogen eradication in 86.7% vs 66.7% of patients (p<0.05). The 3-month recurrence rate decreased from 26.7 to 10.0% (p<0.05). No adverse events were registered.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The advantage of combinationtherapy is due to the combination of anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,antioxidantandregenerativeeffects of the drug,which is confirmed by the restoration of the secretoryfunction of the prostateepitheliumaccording to the dynamics of lecithingrains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inclusion of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione in the combination therapy of CBP increases the clinical and microbiological efficacy of treatment and reduces the recurrence rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical and economic efficiency of varicocelectomy in the treatment of male infertility].","authors":"B Shomarufov A, A Bozhedomov V, I Giyasov Sh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicocele remains the most common potentially correctable cause of male infertility. Data from clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and original studies on the clinical and economic efficiency of varicocele treatment are summarized in this review. In men with clinical varicocele and impaired spermatogenesis, surgical repair improves semen parameters, including the number of progressively motile spermatozoa, and increases the likelihood of natural pregnancy. Before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), surgery is associated with higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates and may be economically beneficial by improving ART efficacy. In men with severe oligozoospermia, microsurgery may allow some patients to proceed to intrauterine insemination or postpone IVF/ICSI. In non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), surgery may result in the appearance of spermatozoa in the ejaculate and increase the likelihood of successful sperm retrieval by micro-TESE; however, no consistent economic advantage of a \"surgery-first\" strategy over immediate micro-TESE+ICSI has been demonstrated. Antioxidant therapy moderately improves semen parameters and reduces sperm DNA fragmentation, but its effect on clinical pregnancy and live birth remains insufficiently established. Among the available techniques for varicocele repair, microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy demonstrates the most favorable profile in terms of efficacy, safety, and recurrence rates. Laparoscopic and endovascular techniques remain valid alternatives, whereas robot-assisted and exoscopic technologies require further evidence regarding their clinical and economic efficiency. Overall, the evidence base remains heterogeneous; large prospective studies with clinical pregnancy and live birth as endpoints are required to clarify the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Innovative approaches to carboxyperitoneum creation: experimental developments and clinical perspectives].","authors":"I Babaevskaya D, V Vovdenko S, S Taratkin M, A Matkovskiy I, A -S Gazimiev M","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze literature on devices for minimizing injuries to internal organs and vessels during laparoscopic access. Article search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Original English-language studies with clinical data on relevant devices were included. Nine studies on devices reducing complications during abdominal puncture or first trocar placement were analyzed. Three key approaches were identified: Veress needle modification, abdominal wall lifting devices, and needle-adjacent tissue visualization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Devices improving needle control and abdominal wall retraction successfully establish access in experiments. Prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness in reducing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative experimental evaluation of the efficacy and tissue trauma associated with puncture needles for percutaneous renal access].","authors":"S Gazimiev E, L Medvedev V, A Terman E","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of obstructive uropathy in emergency urological practice, retrograde and antegrade drainage of the urinary tract remain the main surgical treatment methods. Percutaneous nephrostomy is a minimally invasive procedure; nevertheless, it is associated with a risk of intra- and postoperative complications. A key stage of this procedure is accurate and safe puncture of the renal collecting system, which largely determines the outcome of the intervention and the incidence of possible complications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the characteristics and safety profile of the new domestically developed low-trauma MG-New puncture needle with puncture needles traditionally used in urological practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Surgical procedures were performed in two pigs. In the first series, percutaneous punctures of the renal collecting system were performed using the standard technique under ultrasound guidance with three types of needles: MG-New, Chiba, and a trocar needle (Coloplast A/S, Denmark). In the second series, punctures of the renal collecting system were performed under laparoscopic guidance through a trocar port to assess macroscopic post-puncture traumatic changes. The final stage consisted of bilateral nephrectomy followed by histological examination of the obtained tissue specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MG-New needle demonstrated greater efficacy and safety than the conventional needles. The extensive echogenic laser-marked surface improved visualization, while the distal-end design was associated with minimal tissue trauma and limited vascular injury. These findings support the potential advantages of the needle for percutaneous renal interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MG-New needle provides significant advantages over conventionally used Chiba and trocar needles during percutaneous renal puncture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Transition to personalized software mpMR/US fusion prostate biopsy: a stratified retrospective analysis of 322 patients with development of a CHAID model].","authors":"S Petov V, A Mursalov I, K Rodionova V, V Fokin I, P Danilov S, M Ganzha T, A Kiriukhina M, F Petrovsky V, M Gerasimova P, T Rzaev R, E Enikeev M, E Krupinov G, V Amosov A","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>MRI-targeted biopsy is the standard method for prostate cancer diagnosis; however, it is typically supplemented with perilesional or systematic biopsy to minimize the risk of false-negative results. Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of performing MRI-targeted biopsy alone in carefully selected patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify factors allowing MRI-targeted biopsy to be performed alone without compromising the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients who underwent transperineal software mpMR/US fusion and saturation biopsy. Inclusion criteria were PSA more or equal 2 ng/ml and/or the presence of a suspicious lesion on digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), as well as a PI-RADS v2.1 score more or equal 3. Factors included in the stratified analysis were: type of biopsy, PI-RADS score, suspicious lesion on TRUS or DRE, PSA level, PSA density, and lesion size. To formulate clinical rules, a CHAID decision tree algorithm was developed with the following variables: detection of csPCa on software mpMR/US fusion biopsy, PI-RADS score, PSA density, lesion size, age, and type of biopsy. CsPCa was defined as ISUP grade more or equal 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 322 patients were included (median age 63 years, PSA 6.7 ng/ml, prostate volume 48 cm). Primary biopsy was performed in 241 patients (74.8%) and repeat biopsy in 81 patients (25.2%). The detection rate of csPCa did not differ significantly between software mpMR/US fusion and combined biopsy (23.6% vs 30.4%; p=0.051). The additional diagnostic value of saturation biopsy for csPCa was 6.8% (range 0-28.6%). Stratified analysis showed no added value of saturation biopsy in primary biopsy patients with PI-RADS 5 lesions, PI-RADS 3-4 lesions with adverse factors, and in repeat biopsy patients with PI-RADS 5 lesions and adverse factors. The developed CHAID model demonstrated an accuracy of 80.2%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 60.7%. According to the model, saturation biopsy was considered unnecessary in patients with PI-RADS 5 lesions with adverse factors, as well as in patients with PI-RADS less or equal 4 lesions combined with PSA density less or equal 0.20 ng/ml/cm and lesion size less or equal 10-12 mm. Application of the CHAID algorithm could reduce the number of saturation biopsies by 60.5% with a missed csPCa risk of less or equal 3.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented results indicate that combined biopsy can be safely replaced by only MRI-targeted approaches in carefully selected patients without a substantial risk of missing csPCa, thereby creating a basis for the implementation of personalized prostate biopsy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Incidence and patterns of urinary incontinence following endoscopic prostate enucleation: A 7-year single-center experience].","authors":"A Meshcheriakova E, Yu Nesterova O, A Strigunov A, A Khokhlov M, D Burlakov I, M Yusupov K, Yu Nikolaev M, A Sorokin N Lee S","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endoscopic enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is currently considered a treatment of choice for patients with BPH of any volume, including those in whom discontinuation of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy is not feasible. However, urinary incontinence remains one of the most common postoperative complications, significantly affecting patients quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>to evaluate the incidence and patterns of urinary incontinence following endoscopic enucleation, as well as to compare preoperative and intraoperative characteristics among patients with different types of incontinence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-center observational cohort study included patients with BPH who underwent endoscopic enucleation between March 2019 and December 2025. Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Urinary incontinence was defined as any involuntary leakage of urine. Statistical analysis was performed using the R programming language (RStudio version 2025.05.1+513).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,094 patients, urinary incontinence (of any type) was observed in 13.7% of cases (150/1094). Of these, 48 patients (32.0%) had urge incontinence, 75 (50.0%) had stress incontinence, and 27 (18.0%) had mixed incontinence. In the majority of cases, incontinence was transient: 61 patients (40.7% of incontinent patients and 5.6% of the total cohort) experienced symptoms lasting up to 1 month, 80 patients (53.3% and 7.3%, respectively) between 1 and 3 months, and 9 patients (6.0% and 0.8%, respectively) for more than 3 months. Persistent incontinence beyond 12 months was observed in only one patient (0.091%) with myasthenia gravis. The time to continence recovery did not differ significantly between incontinence types (p = 0.95). Comparative analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters demonstrated that patients with stress urinary incontinence had a higher body mass index, less pronounced storage symptoms according to IPSS, less frequent use of antimuscarinics and beta-3-agonists prior to surgery, and a lower rate of early apical sphincter release during enucleation. Patients with mixed incontinence more commonly had cerebrovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary incontinence following endoscopic prostate enucleation occurs in 13.7% of patients and is transient in the majority of cases, resolving within the first three postoperative months. The rate of continence recovery is comparable across different types of incontinence, indicating a favorable functional prognosis in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of tolerability and cognitive safety of trospium chloride in the treatment of overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis].","authors":"V Kuzmin I, N Slesarevskaya M, Kh Al-Shukri S","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Overactive bladder (OAB) is one of the most common lower urinary tract dysfunctions, significantly impairing the quality of life of patients. Pharmacotherapy is the leading treatment for OAB; however, poor tolerability of antimuscarinic drugs prescribed for this condition hinders clinical efficacy in a significant number of patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the tolerability and cognitive safety of the anticholinergic drug trospium chloride (TCh) in the treatment of OAB in adults and children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. A search of eLibrary, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed for the period 1991-2025. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, as well as prospective observational studies, were included in the analysis. A control group was required in adult studies. A total of 23 studies (15 in adults, 8 in children) were included in the analysis. A total of 2,244 patients (1,934 adults, 310 children) received TCh.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most adverse events (AEs) with TCh were due to the drugs systemic antimuscarinic effect. The most common AEs were dry mouth (OR 3.75; 95% CI 2.83-4.97; NNH = 6.0) and constipation (OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.72-4.19; NNH = 17.1). The incidence of peripheral AEs with TCh is comparable to that with other antimuscarinic agents used to treat OAB, with the exception of oxybutynin, which is significantly less well-tolerated. Unlike other anticholinergic drugs, TCh does not affect the central nervous system or cause cognitive impairment. TCh was well tolerated in children at age-appropriate doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study demonstrate good tolerability of TCh in adults and children. A significant advantage of TCh is its cognitive safety. Along with its clinical efficacy, this allows TCh to be considered as a first-line anticholinergic therapy in adults with OAB, particularly in elderly patients and those at high risk of cognitive impairment. Further studies of the long-term safety of TCh in patients of different age groups are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}