Urologiia最新文献

{"title":"[Methods for Improving the Safety of Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy: Current State of the Problem].","authors":"D Kim V, M Yakubova A, V Vovdenko S, V Olefir Yu, K H Ali S, A A Bezrukov E","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the growing popularity and expanding indications for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of urolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) remains the method of choice for removing large kidney stones due to its high efficiency and safety. Modern approaches, such as tubeless or totally tubeless PCNL, allow faster recovery and improve patients postoperative quality of life. However, successful implementation of these procedures requires strict patient selection. The primary criterion is atraumatic nature, an absence of urinary tract infection and residual fragments. To analyze modern instrumental techniques and technologies potentially capable of reducing the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications during tubeless PCNL, we carried out a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and eLibrary. The review included articles in Russian and English published between 1973 and 2024. According to the literature, the frequency of tubeless PCNL can be increased by precise, atraumatic transpapillary puncture through the avascular zone. These conditions can be achieved not only by the surgeons experience, but also through the use of new atraumatic instruments for puncturing the collecting system and creating percutaneous access, such as the MG puncture needle, as well as imaging technologies that significantly improve puncture accuracy. To obtain more reliable evidence, prospective randomized studies including patients undergoing tubeless and totally tubeless PCNL are required. CONCLUSION: The use of additional imaging technologies and atraumatic instruments for percutaneous access may reduce the complication rate after tubeless and totally tubeless PCNL. However, further prospective randomized studies are necessary in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tuberculosis of the urinary bladder: a literature review. Part 2].","authors":"V Protoshchak V, Kh Chibirov K, G Karpushchenko E, V Paronnikov M, A Babkin P, P Kushnirenko N, A Gorelova A, A Galyuk D","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Issues of etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostics of tuberculous bladder lesions were discussed in the first part of the review. The presence of a \"small contracted\" bladder, regardless of etiology, is an indication for surgical treatment, including tuberculous microcystis. The surgeons main task is to select the optimal surgical approach in each case. An ileal segment is considered the best material for urinary reservoir reconstruction. Supratrigonal cystectomy with augmentation and radical cystectomy with orthotopic reconstruction are the most common procedures for tuberculous microcystis. In the postoperative period, assessment of quality of life and urodynamic parameters are key factors for successful outcomes. To summarize current data on surgical treatment of tuberculous bladder microcystis and to evaluate quality of life and urodynamic parameters after surgery, the publications from Elibrary.ru, PubMed, and Google Scholar were reviewed. This second part of the review highlights surgical treatment options for tuberculous microcystis and presents available data on quality of life and urodynamic outcomes after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cefixime in urinary tract infections in women].","authors":"Yu Nesterova O","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain one of the most common bacterial infections in outpatient practice, particularly among women of reproductive age and pregnant patients. One of the therapeutic options for UTIs is cefixime, a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin. Cefixime demonstrates high antimicrobial activity with a minimal number of adverse effects, which explains the absence of contraindications for its use during pregnancy. Cefixime has high oral bioavailability, is often resistant to -lactamases, and ensures sufficient urinary concentration when administered at 400 mg once daily. Pharmacokinetic parameters remain stable during pregnancy, while preclinical studies indicate extremely low penetration into fetal tissues and breast milk (<1% of the dose). The dispersible formulation Cefixime EXPRESS provides additional benefits for pregnant women due to ease of administration, improved tolerability and adherence. Cefixime EXPRESS in dispersible form represents a modern drug for the treatment of both acute uncomplicated cystitis and acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, particularly in outpatient settings. It combines proven efficacy with convenient dosing, good tolerability, and a rapid clinical response, making it a reasonable treatment choice, especially when first-line drugs are contraindicated or in cases of resistance to other antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of the results of morphological examination of hyperplastic prostate tissue in patients with and without testosterone deficiency].","authors":"S Ibishev Kh, I Lemeshko S, M H Uzhakhov M, I Kogan M","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an important and urgent public health problem. Prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by epithelial, stromal, and muscular proliferation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a comparative analysis of the results of morphological examination of resected prostate tissue in patients with prostatic hyperplasia with and without testosterone deficiency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The results of morphological examination of the resected prostate tissue of 188 men with BPH were analyzed, who were divided into two groups: Group I - 71 patients with testosterone deficiency, group II (control) - 117 patients with testosterone levels above 12.1 nmol/L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with testosterone deficiency, during morphological examination of resected pancreatic tissue samples, prostate hyperplasia had a diffuse stromal character, combined with cystic deformity of the acinuses, with flattened and unclassifying epithelium, against the background of basal cell hyperplasia. In patients with normal Tc levels during morphological examination, during morphological examination of resected pancreatic tissue samples, the hyperplasia in all patients was glandular (epithelial), and the epithelial cells of the acinuses were tall cylindrical, with signs of active secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In hypogonadal men, stromal hyperplasia was detected in most cases (76.1%) in the resected prostate tissue, and in normogonadal patients, hyperplasia was glandular in all cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Destruction of the protein matrix of kidney stones by solutions of non-toxic complexons with surfactant properties].","authors":"A Kamalov A, Yu Nesterova O, Yu Tsivadze A, Ya Fridman A, A Shiryaev A, K Novikov A, S Panferov A, S Yastrebov V","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the effects of solutions composed of molecules with both chelating and surfactant properties on kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Kidney stones and their fragments were obtained during ureteroscopy and retrograde intrarenal surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and stone extraction from the kidney performed in patients with urolithiasis. For the experiment, a solution was prepared based on a composition of iminodiacetate derivatives of fatty acid glycerides and iminodiacetate derivatives of polysaccharides. Stones of known mass were processed with this solution, dried, and examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Qualitative protein analysis (biuret test) was performed on the solution and washout fluid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Struvite stones (MgNH4PO46H2O) swelled in the solution and disintegrated into small fragments. Proteins and phosphate ions were detected in the prepared solution. Stones composed of crystalline uric acid or its hydrate, as well as hydrated calcium oxalates (whewellite and weddellite), also swelled, with occasional changes in surface structure and color. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a decrease in the amorphous, presumably protein, component and changes in the relative proportions of crystallohydrates. The presumed mechanism of stone destruction was leaching of the amorphous protein binder between crystalline grains, together with alterations in the crystalline phases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complexons with emulsifying properties from the prepared solution penetrate the protein matrix of kidney stones and, together with enhanced water diffusion, cause partial protein extraction, swelling of amorphous and some crystalline phases, and subsequent stone disintegration. These findings highlight the potential of such hybrid compounds for the development of novel methods of treating urolithiasis and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antioxidants and micronutrients for the prevention and correction of reproductive dysfunction in men, the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of studies].","authors":"A Korneyev I","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review article reflects current opinion in oxidative stress impact on male fertility, as well as the possibilities of restoring redox balance and normalizing reproductive function by administration of substances with antioxidant properties and products containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. The review covers Russian studies of antioxidant complexes \"BESTFertil\", which includes L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, Vitamin C and E, Folic Acid, Zinc, Selenium, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10 and Ginseng Root Extract, as well as \"BESTFertil-DHA\", supplemented with capsules with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These studies resulted in increase of basic semen parameters - concentration, motility and proportion of normal forms of spermatozoa, as well as in decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[First experience with the Visus MG optical videoendoscopic urethral catheter for safe bladder drainage in various urethral injuries].","authors":"A Yandiev S, A Gazimiev M, V Protoshchak V, G Karpushchenko E, N Akopyan G, V Chinenov D, V Shpot E, M Rapoport L, V Glybochko P","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Despite the widespread use of bladder catheterization in both inpatient and outpatient practice, the procedure carries a risk of serious complications, including urethral trauma, strictures, and the development of false passages. According to published data, their incidence ranges from 10.2% to 17.7%. The most common causes of unsuccessful bladder catheterization are anatomical or pathological changes in the urethra, as well as insufficient experience of medical personnel. Repeated attempts at catheterization increase the risk of iatrogenic injuries. In military medicine and emergency care, the problem is aggravated by the high frequency of urethral trauma. Despite the availability of alternative imaging techniques (ultrasound, retrograde urethrography), the choice of the optimal drainage method remains unresolved, particularly in settings with limited access to advanced endoscopic equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the efficiency and safety of the Visus MG optical urethral catheter with a portable endoscopic system (PES) in various types of urethral injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective study was conducted at the Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, and at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. Eighty-five patients were included (60 and 25 from each institution, respectively). The efficacy and safety of bladder catheterization using the Visus MG optical urethral catheter with PES were assessed after unsuccessful attempts at standard catheterization, and in some cases without prior standard attempts. Indications included acute urinary retention, urethral trauma (combat or iatrogenic), preoperative drainage, and approximation of urethral edges before urethroplasty. The optical catheter provided visual control of urethral passage and enabled successful drainage in the presence of anatomical obstructions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Patient age ranged from 20 to 86 years (mean: 59.8). The mean prostate volume among non-prostatectomy patients was 33.7 cc, most often between 20-39 cc (42.1%). Bladder catheterization was performed primarily in the operating room (43.5%) or in procedure rooms (37.6%), most commonly under local anesthesia (61.2%). Ahistory of prior urological procedures was documented in 70% of patients. The use of the Visus MG optical urethral catheter with PES achieved successful bladder drainage in 96.5% of cases (82/85) without complications. The main causes of failed standard catheterization were strictures, urethral trauma, and other obstructive conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The Visus MG optical urethral catheter with a PES enabled safe and effective bladder drainage in 96.5% of patients after failed standard bladder catheterization. The method is minimally invasive, provides direct visual control, and reduces the risk of false passages and urethral injury. It may serve as an alternative to cystosco","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of transmission microscopy in assessing morphometric changes in spermatozoa of fertile and infertile men who have had COVID-19].","authors":"O Prokop Ya, S Ibishev Kh, A Pogozhaeva M, A Sinelnik E, I Kogan M","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As COVID-19-induced disorders wreak havoc on populations worldwide, attention to the rehabilitation of the consequences has focused mainly on vital organ systems (lungs, kidneys, and heart) that are vulnerable to the initial viral attack and contribute to the development of acute pathology associated with this disease. However, we should not lose sight of the fact that COVID-19 affects any cells in the body that express ACE2, including human sperm.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The results of transmission electron microscopy of the ejaculate of 157 men were analyzed. They were divided into four groups: Group I - 49 patients with idiopathic infertility who had COVID-19, Group II - 42 patients with idiopathic infertility who did not have COVID-19 during the study, Group III - 39 fertile men who had COVID-19, Group IV - 27 fertile men who did not have COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the role of sperm mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of male infertility associated with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to transmission microscopy of the ejaculate, men who brought COVID-19 have severe sperm disorders, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of residual cytoplasm, which were more often recorded in infertile patients, compared to fertile men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 impairs male reproductive potential and may impair male fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pain syndrome in urology: features of classification and pathogenetic aspects].","authors":"A Plekhanova O, Yu Pushkar D","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Key aspects of pain syndrome in urology, including its classification, pathogenesis, and current treatment approaches, are discussed in the article. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of chronic pelvic pain, defined as persistent pain lasting at least three months, accompanied by dysfunction of the genitourinary system and emotional disorders. The main pathogenetic mechanisms underlying pain syndrome determine its complex multisystem nature, which requires a comprehensive approach to both diagnosis and treatment. Various etiologies of urologic chronic pain syndrome are described. Particular emphasis is given on urological causes such as bacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Clinical phenotypes of IC/BPS are discussed, along with individualized treatment approaches for each phenotype. The impact of pain syndrome in bacterial cystitis on quality of life and the role of phenazopyridine in pain relief are also highlighted. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach and the combination of different therapeutic methods to achieve good outcomes in the management of pain syndrome is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of controlled normobaric hypoxia on the subjective state of patients with chronic prostatitis].","authors":"A Miziev I, Kh Makhov M, Kh Sabanchieva Zh, A Shiritova L, M Gataova I","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unlike other physiotherapy methods, hypoxic therapy has virtually no history of use in urology. We considered it important to evaluate the physiological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects in urological patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the efficacy of normobaric interval hypoxic training as an innovative approach to the correction of psychophysiological disorders in patients with chronic prostatitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 36 men divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=12) received standard drug therapy plus 10 sessions of interval normobaric hypoxic training under a \"hypoxia-normoxia\" regimen (13% O2). Group 2 (n=12) received standard drug therapy plus 10 sessions under a \"hypoxia-hyperoxia\" regimen (31% O2). Group 3 (n=12) served as the control, receiving drug therapy only. Sessions were carried out weekly, consisting of 5 cycles of 5 minutes each. The effect of hypoxic therapy on patients subjective state was assessed using an asthenic symptom questionnaire before treatment and during the 1st, 5th, and 10th sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most pronounced positive trends in the dynamics of asthenic symptoms were observed in the \"hypoxia-hyperoxia\" group: the average total number of complaints decreased almost threefold, while the average severity of complaints decreased by more than twofold. More modest positive changes were noted in the \"hypoxia-normoxia\" group, where the total number of complaints decreased by less than twofold, and the average severity decreased by about 20%. It should be emphasized that in both groups undergoing hypoxic therapy, highly significant differences were registered across all studied parameters compared with baseline. In the control group, during the same follow-up period, differences compared with baseline were insignificant. The above findings may demonstrate the insufficient efficiency of conventional measures in patients with chronic prostatitis in addressing asthenic and autonomic disorders, which are commonly observed in patients with this condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Interval hypoxic training, especially under the \"hypoxia-hyperoxia\" regimen, effectively reduces asthenic symptoms in patients with chronic prostatitis. This method is recommended as an adjunct to standard therapy to improve quality of life and psychoemotional status. The study supports the potential of hypoxic therapy in urology as a novel non-pharmacological approach with emphasis on psychosomatic aspects of men with chronic prostatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23546,"journal":{"name":"Urologiia","volume":" 4","pages":"43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}