UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107886
Yinmin Zhu , Wenhao Li , Jing Lin , Fei Gao , Zongyang Liu
{"title":"A multi-mode coupling damage classification method for composite structures based on acoustic emission signal decomposition","authors":"Yinmin Zhu , Wenhao Li , Jing Lin , Fei Gao , Zongyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-mode damage coupling in composite structures is a key factor preventing accurate classification of different damage types. To address this, this paper presents a damage classification framework for composite structures based on acoustic emission (AE) signal decomposition. The approach begins by generating a Peak Frequency-Normalized Count Spectrum using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering. This spectrum, combined with electron microscopy observations, allows for quick identification of damage types and their frequency ranges, even with limited understanding of damage mechanisms. A customized wavelet packet decomposition filter is then created to decompose AE signals, enabling precise classification of different damage types. To validate the method, multiple tensile tests on adhesive composite joints were conducted, and the AE data were classified using both the proposed method and the K-means method. The results show that, compared to the K-means method, the energy proportions of the three types of damage classified by our method consistently remain in the range of 30%-40%, with the normalized energy proportion of adhesive debonding reaching or even exceeding 50%. Our method more accurately reflects the true damage state of the specimens. It effectively mitigates the negative impact caused by the coupling of multiple damage modes, providing a new perspective for health monitoring of composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107918
Jianrong Shi , Xuemei Ren , Yubo Shi , Boyuan Tang , Zheng Xu , Xiaojun Liu
{"title":"Acoustical particle conveyors via Bessel-beam superposition","authors":"Jianrong Shi , Xuemei Ren , Yubo Shi , Boyuan Tang , Zheng Xu , Xiaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We proposed an on-axis, multi-bottle beam by superposing two coaxial acoustic Bessel beams to produce acoustical particle conveyors. The spatial acoustic pressure distribution and source phase, determined solely by lateral wavenumber <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span> and the radius of the circular source, were derived to establish a theoretical basis for precise ultrasound field control. These conveyors exploit strong-gradient acoustic radiation forces at acoustic bottles, enabling stable trapping of micrometer-scale Rayleigh particles in free space. By fine-tuning the incident acoustic frequency, our acoustic tweezers can trap, push, and pull multiple particles along the propagation axis. We discussed the optimization of <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span>-dependent phase lens, focusing on the selection of <span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span> values and the number of simultaneously emitting Bessel beams, which improves field observation and enhances trapping stability. The system employs only a single acoustic source and a phase lens, offering potential for cell manipulation and targeted medical treatments <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107920
Haiqi Sun, Zhigang Dong, Feng Yang, Yan Bao, Renke Kang, Jiansong Sun
{"title":"Tool wear mechanism in ultrasonic-assisted grinding of SiCf/SiC composites","authors":"Haiqi Sun, Zhigang Dong, Feng Yang, Yan Bao, Renke Kang, Jiansong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under severe cooling conditions, machining SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites leads to pronounced tool wear, compromising machining efficiency. While ultrasonic-assisted grinding (UAG) demonstrates potential for enhancing surface quality, the wear characteristics of grinding tools in this process remain insufficiently characterized. This study employs tribological and kinematic analysis coupled with experimental verification to elucidate wear mechanisms. Results identify four principal wear modes: abrasive wear, fracture wear, grain detachment, and wheel clogging, involving both two-body and three-body wear. High-frequency ultrasonic vibrations induce surface microfracture of abrasive particles while sinusoidal scratch patterns form on the bond. Ultrasonic vibration substantially reduces debris adhesion, minimizing wheel clogging and extending tool life, thereby enhancing grinding performance. These findings facilitate parameter optimization for UAG in high-performance ceramic matrix composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893
Samuel M.A. Morais , Andrei B. Karpiouk , Donald J. VanderLaan , Muralidhar Padala , Stanislav Y. Emelianov
{"title":"Assessing myocardial stiffness with transient elastography using catheter-compatible miniature actuator","authors":"Samuel M.A. Morais , Andrei B. Karpiouk , Donald J. VanderLaan , Muralidhar Padala , Stanislav Y. Emelianov","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a proof-of-concept miniaturized transient elastography (TE) framework for measuring myocardial elasticity during catheter-based cardiac procedures. Recognizing that mechanical properties of myocardial tissue, particularly the shear modulus, offer valuable insight into the development and progression of cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, we propose a TE system that can be integrated into existing intracardiac catheters. A miniature (2 mm × 2 mm) piezoelectric actuator was used to generate longitudinal shear waves (LSWs) in tissue-mimicking phantoms with varying shear moduli levels and in <em>ex vivo</em> porcine heart tissue. For validation, an ultrasound array transducer was used in this study to visualize the propagation of the LSWs generated by the actuator. Spatiotemporal displacement maps were analyzed to estimate shear wave speeds and corresponding shear moduli, with TE results showing strong agreement with values obtained using conventional acoustic radiation force-based shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). The TE and SWEI measurements showed no statistically significant differences. <em>Ex vivo</em> tissue measurements performed in different orientations relative to myocardial fiber direction confirmed the system’s sensitivity to tissue anisotropy. Additionally, the technique successfully distinguished between fresh and fixed heart tissue, detecting a noticeable increase in stiffness due to preservation. These findings support the feasibility of a catheter-integrated TE device as a functional extension of existing clinical workflows, offering quantitative assessment of myocardial elasticity during routine catheterization procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107921
Andong Cao , Songli Tan , Peng Xiao , Qian Li , Wengen Li , Zhen Zhang
{"title":"Attention-Fused Dual-Stream learning for defect classification in thick aerospace CFRPs with complex microstructures using Multi-Angle ultrasonic scattering signatures","authors":"Andong Cao , Songli Tan , Peng Xiao , Qian Li , Wengen Li , Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable detection of critical defects in thick Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers, particularly delamination, is a significant challenge. This task becomes severely complicated when complex microstructures such as fiber waviness limit the effectiveness of conventional ultrasonic testing. To address this, a dual-stream deep learning framework with an efficient and interpretable AttentionFusion module is proposed, which synergistically integrates spatial-morphological information from B-scan images with physics-rich, multi-angle scattering signatures from raw Full Matrix Capture data. Through the adaptive weighing of both static B-scan and dynamic multi-angle inspection streams, the most salient features are leveraged by a YOLOv8-based detector for defect identification. When validated on a dataset consisting of 2776 samples, a 25.8% relative mAP50 improvement over a single-stream baseline was achieved, with this margin increasing to 29.9% on challenging wavy-fiber samples. The critical contribution of the AttentionFusion mechanism was confirmed via ablation studies. Furthermore, the framework’s decision-making process was elucidated through visualization of attention maps, enhancing its transparency. By leveraging raw Full Matrix Capture data often discarded in traditional pipelines, a more accurate and trustworthy solution for automated nondestructive testing in complex aerospace composites is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894
Peng Zheng , Xuan Li , Peng Xiao , Zihao Dong , Dazhi Cong , Lishuai Liu , Yanxun Xiang
{"title":"Static component of nonlinear guided wave as a Preferable indicator of creep damage in superalloys","authors":"Peng Zheng , Xuan Li , Peng Xiao , Zihao Dong , Dazhi Cong , Lishuai Liu , Yanxun Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear ultrasonic testing based on second harmonic generation has shown promise for early-stage creep damage detection. However, its practical application is constrained by a strong dependence on mode-matching conditions and signal degradation at advanced damage stages, limiting its effectiveness in complex service environments. Additionally, traditional approaches struggle to reliably characterize microstructural evolution throughout the entire creep process, affecting the accuracy of damage evaluation. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces the static component signal (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) of guided wave propagation into the creep damage assessment of superalloys. This approach broadens the characterization scope of nonlinear ultrasonic responses and enhances detection stability during later creep stages. Experimental results demonstrate that the static component is largely insensitive to mode-matching conditions, with its nonlinear parameter exhibiting a stable, linear increase throughout the creep lifetime. Compared to the second harmonic parameter—which typically exhibits a nonlinear “rise-then-fall” trend—the static component shows improved robustness and practical applicability. This method effectively addresses the limitations of conventional nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for late-stage creep damage detection, offering a valuable complementary tool for structural health monitoring and life assessment of high-temperature materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107867
Roya Paridar, Babak Mohammadzadeh Asl
{"title":"Ultrafast ultrasound imaging with a limited number of emissions based on Cantor selection pattern","authors":"Roya Paridar, Babak Mohammadzadeh Asl","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In coherent plane-wave compounding (CPWC), frame rate improvement is challenging. As the number of emissions reduces, the frame rate will increase. However, this improvement is at the cost of quality deterioration of the reconstructed image. To deal with the compromise between image quality and frame rate, we propose a novel method based on the Cantor selection pattern in this paper. In the proposed method, a set that includes a limited number of emissions (Cantor set) is sparsely selected within a specific angular interval. At this stage, the number of selected emissions is considerably reduced, and consequently, it can be promising in practical applications. Also, to prevent image quality degradation, we propose to use the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm’s output as a weighting factor. In the MUSIC algorithm, which is suitable for processing the sparse dataset, the second-order data associated with a larger number of uniformly selected emissions (called Co-emission) is constructed from the Cantor set, leading to quality improvement of the resulting image. Evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method improves the quality of the image in comparison with the delay-and-sum (DAS) method in which the emissions included in Cantor and Co-emission sets are used. In particular, for the experimental contrast phantom, and by using eight emissions, the proposed method leads to 50% and 45.45% resolution improvement compared to DAS corresponding to using the emission numbers included in Cantor set (i.e., 8) and Co-emission set (i.e., 27), respectively, while keeping the speckle preservation metric comparable to the other mentioned cases. Also, by using the proposed method, 46.49% and 0.63% contrast ratio improvement is achieved compared to DAS corresponding to using the emissions included in Cantor and Co-emission sets, respectively, for in-vivo dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 107867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107865
Huanchao Du, Zhiyu Chen, Ying Liu, Yue Zhou, Yihui Hu
{"title":"Noncontact ultrasonic materials identification based on improved frequency responses","authors":"Huanchao Du, Zhiyu Chen, Ying Liu, Yue Zhou, Yihui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with existing methods, a possible noncontact ultrasonic materials identification method is proposed by using simple ultrasonic probes off the shelf while keeping a good identification accuracy. In this method, three measures are taken to ensure the good identification effect: 1) Frequency domain filtering including bandpass and notch filtering are used to process the raw ultrasonic echo signals received. The concept of improved frequency responses (IFR) signal is proposed and used as the basis for material identification; 2) Time domain filtering by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is adopted for further signal processing. With intrinsic mode function (IMF) obtained, information entropy can be calculated as the final features extracted; 3) By repeatedly testing different samples of the same material, the obtained material’s information entropy values are then used to fit a probability density function, which is served as the characteristic template for each material. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, four aluminum alloy smooth plates of identical size are tested, and an identification accuracy of 100 % is achieved. Due to the low cost of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, our method can be applied to object identification in many different application scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 107865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145347627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107864
Zixin Guo , Yongfeng Song , Xiongbing Li
{"title":"Decoupling analysis of ultrasonic scattering characteristics in porous polycrystalline materials using phase field and finite element methods","authors":"Zixin Guo , Yongfeng Song , Xiongbing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since porous polycrystalline materials are widely encountered in various industrial applications, understanding the propagation and scattering of ultrasonic waves within these materials is crucial. We investigate the attenuation and group velocity of ultrasonic wave in porous polycrystalline models with porosities below 3 %. This work aims to decouple the contributions from grain and pore structures. The phase field method is used to generate three distinct models: porous polycrystalline models, porous models without grains, and polycrystalline models without pores. The flexibility of the phase field method allows for precise control of microstructural parameters, such as grain size, porosity, and pore size. Finite element models are then employed to assess the effects of microstructural parameters and crystal anisotropy on both attenuation and group velocity. A decoupling method is proposed to approximate the attenuation and velocity of porous polycrystalline model, using a linear combination of those of porous model and polycrystalline model. Our findings reveal that the linear combination model offers a highly accurate approximation of attenuation at lower frequencies. However, at higher frequencies, the decoupling method shows errors in attenuation predictions, particularly when the models exhibit larger microstructural parameters. In contrast, the group velocity could be well-predicted by the linear combination model. In addition, crystal anisotropy influences both attenuation and velocity, with larger Zener anisotropy indices intensifying the coupling effects. This work provides a robust methodology to decouple the effects of grain and pore structures, and it paves the way for building more precise theoretical ultrasonic scattering models in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 107864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107850
He Sun , Chunyu Lv , Linfeng Wang , Mengying Xie , Zhoumo Zeng , Yang Liu
{"title":"Flexible ultrasonic transducer array with automatic phase calibration for arteriosclerosis detection","authors":"He Sun , Chunyu Lv , Linfeng Wang , Mengying Xie , Zhoumo Zeng , Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a flexible ultrasonic transducer array with automatic phase calibration (FUT-APC) for high-resolution carotid artery imaging and continuous monitoring of vascular mechanical parameters. The transducer integrates element position sensing with real-time phase compensation, utilizing five flexible pressure sensors to reconstruct the curvature profile of the attached surface with a reconstruction error as low as 0.34 mm. The system maintains stable operation on complex curved surfaces, significantly improving imaging quality compared to conventional probes on bent or irregular geometries. A contact pressure visualization mechanism enables real-time monitoring of applied pressure, ensuring data consistency during long-term measurements. The FUT-APC has a center frequency of 4.6 MHz, a −6 dB focal width of 0.74 mm, and a bandwidth of 53 %. In phantom tests, the system achieved axial resolution better than 0.75 mm and lateral resolution better than 0.93 mm. In vivo testing successfully captured the dynamic diameter variations of the carotid arterial wall and, together with wall thickness measurements, enabled extraction of key mechanical parameters, including circumferential stress (83.1 kPa), strain (7.09 %), and static elastic modulus (1.17 MPa). The FUT-APC offers a wearable and accurate solution for early screening, risk assessment, and dynamic tracking of atherosclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 107850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}