Veterinary and human toxicology最新文献_第2页

Cytochrome P450-mediated activation and toxicity of chlorpyrifos in male and female rats. 细胞色素p450介导毒死蜱在雌雄大鼠体内的活化及毒性作用。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Ramesh R Dalvi, Prasad S Dalvi, Candace Lane

{"title":"Cytochrome P450-mediated activation and toxicity of chlorpyrifos in male and female rats.","authors":"Ramesh R Dalvi, Prasad S Dalvi, Candace Lane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared CYP-mediated activation and toxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in male and female rats, since gender difference in CPF toxicity in rats has been reported. A dose of 50 mg/kg of CPF in corn oil was administered ip to 2 groups of male and female rats while the respective control groups received the vehicle alone. Measurement of cholinesterase activity in brain showed no difference in cholinesterase inhibition between male and female rats 3 h following CPF administration. In contrast, inhibition of plasma cholinesterase was significantly greater in females than males. The activities of microsomal CYP 1A1, 2B1, 2E1 and 3AV 2 determined whether CPF, a suicide substrate of cytochrome P450 enzymes, was metabolized by the liver CYP enzymes. The CYP 1A1 and 2B1 activities were significantly decreased in both male and female rats, with the CYP 1A1 decrease in females markedly greater than that in males. CPF produced a significant inhibition of only CYP 3A1/2 activity, but not CYP 2E1 activity, irrespective of gender effect. These results demonstrated that CYP 1A1, 2B1 and 3A1/2 were differentially involved in the metabolism of CPF to CPF-oxon in both genders and the extent of plasma cholinesterase inhibition was significantly greater in female than male rats.","PeriodicalId":23486,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and human toxicology","volume":"46 6","pages":"297-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24851586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vietnamese centipede envenomation. 越南蜈蚣中毒。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

N C Bouchard, G M Chan, R S Hoffman

引用次数: 0

Antimony toxicity from the use of tartar emetic for the treatment of alcohol abuse. 吐酒石治疗酒精滥用的锑毒性。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Asim F Tarabar, Yasmin Khan, Lewis S Nelson, Robert S Hoffman

引用次数: 0

Clinical course of a loxosceles spider bite in Turkey. 土耳其一棘足蜘蛛咬伤的临床过程。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Ridvan Atilla, Arif Alper Cevik, Ozge Duman Atilla, Sedat Yanturali

引用次数: 0

Atypical poisonings with botanicals raise suspicion of malicious activity. 非典型的植物中毒引起了对恶意活动的怀疑。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Anthony Burda, Michael Wahl, Connie Fischbein, Carol DesLauriers

引用次数: 0

Preparing for an era of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--are we there yet? Why we should all be concerned. Part II. 为大规模杀伤性武器(WMD)时代做准备——我们到了吗?为什么我们都应该担心。第二部分。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

R B McFee, J B Leikin, Kathleen Kiernan

{"title":"Preparing for an era of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--are we there yet? Why we should all be concerned. Part II.","authors":"R B McFee, J B Leikin, Kathleen Kiernan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"September 11, 2001 demonstrated dramatic voids in national preparedness, and catalyzed massive efforts to identify and remedy vulnerabilities. Since Part I of this series appeared in August 2002, significant improvements have been achieved especially in bioterrorism and chemical terrorism for first responders and emergency medicine, law enforcement, and public health (surveillance). Such efforts manifested benefits during the SARS outbreaks and monkeypox cases of 2003. Nevertheless, emerging infectious diseases will continue to pose a threat if we do not remain vigilant and continue to invest in training, surveillance, and treatments. As expected, many poison centers and toxicologists have taken leadership roles nationwide. In regions where such leadership existed, preparedness levels are strong and collaborations resulted in the development of valuable response plans and training, including the Advanced Hazardous Life Support (AHLS) and Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) courses. Early success notwithstanding, experts suggest that current national preparedness has improved slightly from \"1\" (9/11) to \"3\" out of \"10\". Increasingly it has become evident that the nuclear threat, including radiation terrorism, is significant, against which the US remains inadequately prepared. Arguably the nuclear threat-whether accidental or planned-remains our highest consequence vulnerability, and we must rapidly improve our readiness across disciplines. Special populations including the elderly and children remain marginalized in preparedness protocols. Local vulnerabilities including chemical manufacturing and transportation--not just a risk for terrorism but industrial accidents--continue unabated. Our early success is not an endpoint; much work remains and time is fleeting. This report examines vulnerabilities that must be addressed to enhance preparedness.","PeriodicalId":23486,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and human toxicology","volume":"46 6","pages":"347-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24851403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged hemolysis and methemoglobinemia following organic copper fungicide ingestion. 摄入有机铜杀菌剂后的长期溶血和高铁血红蛋白血症。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Chen-Chang Yang, Ming-Lin Wu, Jou-Fang Deng

{"title":"Prolonged hemolysis and methemoglobinemia following organic copper fungicide ingestion.","authors":"Chen-Chang Yang, Ming-Lin Wu, Jou-Fang Deng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Acute ingestion of copper sulfate has been reported to cause gastrointestinal injury, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, hepatorenal failure, shock; or even death. The toxicity of organocopper compounds, however, remains largely unknown. A 40-y-old man attempted suicide by ingesting some 50 ml of Sesamine fungicide. He immediately developed headache, vomiting and abdominal pain, followed by progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, dark urine and diarrhea. Severe methemoglobinemia and hemolysis were documented, and treatment with ascorbic acid and hydration was commenced. He was referred to our service 3 d later for methylene blue treatment. Despite the above treatment, his symptomatology persisted and it was not until 5 d post-ingestion that the implicated fungicide was identified as copper-8-hydroxyquinolate. BAL therapy and plasma exchange were instituted, which decreased his plasma hemoglobin from 1,300 mg/dL to 29.1 mg/dL, and lowered his methemoglobin level from 20.9% to 1.1%. His serum and urine copper concentration dropped from 238 microg/dL to 96 microg/dL and from 112 microg/dL to 16 microg/dL, respectively. He was discharged uneventfully 18 d post-ingestion. Pre-existing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as well as copper-induced inhibition of G6PD activity was documented during hospitalization. Organocopper compounds may cause prolonged hemolysis and methemoglobinemia through oxidative stress, especially among patients with G6PD deficiency. Antidotal therapy with methylene blue is not likely to be effective in this setting: treatment with intensive supportive measures and other therapeutic options, such as plasma exchange, should be sought.","PeriodicalId":23486,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and human toxicology","volume":"46 6","pages":"321-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24851493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute sheep poisoning from a copper sulfate footbath. 硫酸铜足浴导致绵羊急性中毒。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

Enrico Lippi Ortolani, Alexandre Coutinho Antonelli, Jorge Eduardo de Souza Sarkis

{"title":"Acute sheep poisoning from a copper sulfate footbath.","authors":"Enrico Lippi Ortolani, Alexandre Coutinho Antonelli, Jorge Eduardo de Souza Sarkis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"An outbreak of footrot occurred in a flock of Corriedale sheep; 27 animals were treated with antibiotic and footbathed in a 5% copper sulfate solution. Being deprived of water for > 17 h, many sheep drank the footbath solution. After 6 h 16 sheep became ill with acute copper poisoning, 10 animals died within 10 h; 6 were severely ill and were sent to Veterinary Hospital, and 4 had mild signs and recovered without treatment. The sick sheep had anorexia, dullness, grinding teeth, moaning, rumen atony, dehydration, dark blue-green diarrheic feces and congested membranes. They were treated with 3.4 mg tetrathiomolybdate/kg body weight and lactated Ringer's solution iv, oral molybdate, sulfate, kaolin and pectin, and drenched with antacids. Two of the 6 sheep died during hospitalization. The ingestion of copper solution caused an intense gastrointestinal injury that resulted in ulcers, petechial and echymotic hemorrhages in the mucosa, mild hemolysis detected by microscopic hemoglobinuria and a lowered packed cell volume, severe hepatic injury that raised the AST and gammaGT blood values, and moderate kidney lesions with increasing serum blood urea and nitrogen creatinine levels.","PeriodicalId":23486,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and human toxicology","volume":"46 6","pages":"315-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24851491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incubation of European yew (Taxus baccata) with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) rumen fluid reduces taxine A concentrations. 欧洲红豆杉(Taxus baccata)与白尾鹿(Odocoileus virginianus)瘤胃液孵育可降低taxine A浓度。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

J D Weaver, D L Brown

引用次数: 0

Two plant fish-poisons in Lebanon. 两种在黎巴嫩种植鱼毒。

Veterinary and human toxicology Pub Date : 2004-12-01

F Nigel Hepper

引用次数: 0