Twin Research and Human Genetics最新文献_第10页

Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Genetic Testing and Personal Insurance Products in Australia. 澳大利亚人类遗传学会立场声明:澳大利亚的基因检测和个人保险产品。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.11

Emily DeBortoli, Aideen M McInerney-Leo, Samantha Ayres, Jackie Boyle, Chris Jacobs, Ainsley J Newson

{"title":"Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Genetic Testing and Personal Insurance Products in Australia.","authors":"Emily DeBortoli, Aideen M McInerney-Leo, Samantha Ayres, Jackie Boyle, Chris Jacobs, Ainsley J Newson","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of genetic and genomic testing in clinical practice and research, and the growing market for direct-to-consumer genomic testing has led to increased awareness about the impact of this form of testing on insurance. Genetic or genomic information can be requested by providers of mutually rated insurance products, who may then use it when setting premiums or determining eligibility for cover under a particular product. Australian insurers are subject to relevant legislation and an industry led standard that was updated in 2019 to introduce a moratorium on the use of genetic test results in life insurance underwriting for policies <AU$500K. The Human Genetics Society of Australasia has updated its position statement on genetic testing and life insurance to account for these changes and to increase the scope of the statement to include a wider range of personally-rated insurance products, such as life, critical care, and income protection products. Recommendations include that: providers of professional education involving genetics should include ethical, legal, and social aspects of insurance discrimination in their curricula; the Australian Government take a more active role in regulating use of genetic information in personal insurance; that information obtained in the course of a research project be excluded; insurers seek expert advice when making underwriting decisions regarding genetic testing; and engagement between the insurance industry, regulators, and the genetics profession be improved.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 2","pages":"184-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

THG volume 26 issue 2 Cover. THG 26卷第2期封面。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.30

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational Transmission of BMI and Educational Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. 儿童和青少年BMI代际传递与教育成果。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.18

Hekmat Alrouh, Elsje van Bergen, Conor Dolan, Dorret I Boomsma

{"title":"Intergenerational Transmission of BMI and Educational Outcomes in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Hekmat Alrouh, Elsje van Bergen, Conor Dolan, Dorret I Boomsma","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Individual differences in educational attainment (EA) and physical health, as indexed by body mass index (BMI), are correlated within individuals and across generations. The aim of our study was to assess the transmission of these traits from parents to their offspring in childhood and adolescence. We analyzed BMI and EA in 13,916 families from the Netherlands. Data were available for 27,577 parents (mean age 33) and 26,855 of their offspring at 4 and 12 years of age. We employed structural equation modeling to simultaneously estimate the phenotypic transmission of BMI and EA from parents to offspring, the spousal correlations, and the residual child BMI-EA associations after accounting for intergenerational transmission and testing for gender differences therein. We found a significant intergenerational transmission of BMI to BMI in childhood (age 4; standardized regression coefficient β = .10) and adolescence (age 12; β = .20), and of EA to academic achievement in adolescence (β = .19). Cross-trait parent-to-offspring transmission was weak. All transmission effects were independent of parent or offspring gender. We observed within-person EA-BMI correlations that were negative in parents (∼-.09), positive in children (∼.05) and negative in adolescents (∼-.06). Residual EA-BMI were positive in children (∼.05) and insignificant in adolescents. Spousal correlations were .46 for EA, .21 for BMI, and ∼-.09 cross-trait. After accounting for spousal correlations, the intergenerational transmission for BMI and EA is mainly predictive within, but not across, traits. The within-person correlation between BMI and EA can change in direction between childhood and adulthood.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 2","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10150029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Century of Behavioral Genetics at the University of Minnesota - CORRIGENDUM. 明尼苏达大学行为遗传学的一个世纪 - CORRIGENDUM.

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.5

Emily A Willoughby, Alexandros Giannelis, William G Iacono, Matt McGue, Scott I Vrieze

引用次数: 0

The Concept of Resistance to Substance Use and a Research Approach: The Resist! Project. 抵制物质使用的概念和研究方法:抵制!项目。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.8

Michael M Vanyukov, Hermine H M Maes, William G Iacono, Levent Kirisci, Diana R Samek, Judy L Silberg, Emily B Zimmerman, Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley

{"title":"The Concept of Resistance to Substance Use and a Research Approach: The Resist! Project.","authors":"Michael M Vanyukov, Hermine H M Maes, William G Iacono, Levent Kirisci, Diana R Samek, Judy L Silberg, Emily B Zimmerman, Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Illicit substance use is dangerous in both acute and chronic forms, frequently resulting in lethal poisoning, addiction, and other negative consequences. Similar to research in other psychiatric conditions, whose ultimate goal is to enable effective prevention and treatment, studies in substance use are focused on factors elevating the risk for the disorder. The rapid growth of the substance use problem despite the effort invested in fighting it, however, suggests the need in changing the research approach. Instead of attempting to identify risk factors, whose neutralization is often infeasible if not impossible, it may be more promising to systematically reverse the perspective to the factors enhancing the aspect of liability to disorder that shares the same dimension but is opposite to risk, that is, resistance to substance use. Resistance factors, which enable the majority of the population to remain unaffected despite the ubiquity of psychoactive substances, may be more amenable to translation. While the resistance aspect of liability is symmetric to risk, the resistance approach requires substantial changes in sampling (high-resistance rather than high-risk) and using quantitative indices of liability. This article provides an overview and a practical approach to research in resistance to substance use/addiction, currently implemented in a NIH-funded project. The project benefits from unique opportunities afforded by the data originating from two longitudinal twin studies, the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent and Behavioral Development and the Minnesota Twin Family Study. The methodology described is also applicable to other psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363246/pdf/nihms-1882203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Level: A Chinese Twin Study. 遗传和环境对血清丙氨酸转氨酶水平的影响:一项中国双胞胎研究。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.4

Jingxian Li, Xiao Kang, Tianhao Zhang, Weijing Wang, Chunsheng Xu, Haiping Duan, Xiaocao Tian, Dongfeng Zhang

{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Influences on Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Level: A Chinese Twin Study.","authors":"Jingxian Li, Xiao Kang, Tianhao Zhang, Weijing Wang, Chunsheng Xu, Haiping Duan, Xiaocao Tian, Dongfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"An abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is predictive of disease and all-cause mortality and may indicate liver injury. Using twin modeling, the genetic and environmental factors that affect human serum ALT levels have been well studied for the populations in the different countries, and the results showed moderate-to-high heritability. However, the heritability of ALT level has not been explored in Chinese population. Thus, we recruited 369 pairs of twins (233 monozygotic and 136 dizygotic) from the Qingdao Twin Registry in China with a median age of 50 years (40-80 years). Correlation analysis and a structural equation model (SEM) were conducted to evaluate the heritability of ALT level. The data for age, gender, body mass index and alcohol consumption were set as covariates. Intrapair correlation in monozygotic twins was 0.64 (95%CI [.56, .71]) and 0.42 (95% CI [.28, .55]) in dizygotic twins. The SEM analysis indicated that 65% (95% CI [57%, 71%]) of the variation in ALT levels can be explained by additive genetics and 35% (95% CI [29%, 44%]) of the variation is attributed to unique environmental factors or residuals. Shared environmental influences were not significant. In conclusion, serum ALT variations exhibited strong genetic effects. The variation could also be explained by unique environmental factors. However, shared environmental factors have a minor impact on the serum ALT level.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9785440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Reading Measures and Genome Imputation in the National Child Development Study: Prospects for Future Reading Research. 国家儿童发展研究中的纵向阅读测量和基因组归算:未来阅读研究的展望。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.2

Elinor C Bridges, N William Rayner, Hayley S Mountford, Timothy C Bates, Michelle Luciano

{"title":"Longitudinal Reading Measures and Genome Imputation in the National Child Development Study: Prospects for Future Reading Research.","authors":"Elinor C Bridges, N William Rayner, Hayley S Mountford, Timothy C Bates, Michelle Luciano","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Reading difficulties are prevalent worldwide, including in economically developed countries, and are associated with low academic achievement and unemployment. Longitudinal studies have identified several early childhood predictors of reading ability, but studies frequently lack genotype data that would enable testing of predictors with heritable influences. The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a UK birth cohort study containing direct reading skill variables at every data collection wave from age 7 years through to adulthood with a subsample (final n = 6431) for whom modern genotype data are available. It is one of the longest running UK cohort studies for which genotyped data are currently available and is a rich dataset with excellent potential for future phenotypic and gene-by-environment interaction studies in reading. Here, we carry out imputation of the genotype data to the Haplotype Reference Panel, an updated reference panel that offers greater imputation quality. Guiding phenotype choice, we report a principal components analysis of nine reading variables, yielding a composite measure of reading ability in the genotyped sample. We include recommendations for use of composite scores and the most reliable variables for use during childhood when conducting longitudinal, genetically sensitive analyses of reading ability.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9785488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Use of Polygenic Scores in Clinical Practice and Population Health. 澳大拉西亚人类遗传学会立场声明：在临床实践和人口健康中使用多基因评分。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.10

Mary-Anne Young, Tatiane Yanes, Anne E Cust, Kate Dunlop, Sharne Limb, Ainsley J Newson, Rebecca Purvis, Lavvina Thiyagarajan, Rodney J Scott, Kunal Verma, Paul A James, Julia Steinberg

{"title":"Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Use of Polygenic Scores in Clinical Practice and Population Health.","authors":"Mary-Anne Young, Tatiane Yanes, Anne E Cust, Kate Dunlop, Sharne Limb, Ainsley J Newson, Rebecca Purvis, Lavvina Thiyagarajan, Rodney J Scott, Kunal Verma, Paul A James, Julia Steinberg","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/thg.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable progress continues to be made with regards to the value and use of disease associated polygenic scores (PGS). PGS aim to capture a person's genetic liability to a condition, disease, or a trait, combining information across many risk variants and incorporating their effect sizes. They are already available for clinicians and consumers to order in Australasia. However, debate is ongoing over the readiness of this information for integration into clinical practice and population health. This position statement provides the viewpoint of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA) regarding the clinical application of disease-associated PGS in both individual patients and population health. The statement details how PGS are calculated, highlights their breadth of possible application, and examines their current challenges and limitations. We consider fundamental lessons from Mendelian genetics and their continuing relevance to PGS, while also acknowledging the distinct elements of PGS. Use of PGS in practice should be evidence based, and the evidence for the associated benefit, while rapidly emerging, remains limited. Given that clinicians and consumers can already order PGS, their current limitations and key issues warrant consideration. PGS can be developed for most complex conditions and traits and can be used across multiple clinical settings and for population health. The HGSA's view is that further evaluation, including regulatory, implementation and health system evaluation are required before PGS can be routinely implemented in the Australasian healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9779907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Markov Chain Model for the Evolution of Sex Ratio. 性别比例演变的马尔可夫链模型。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.9

Alan E Stark, Eugene Seneta

引用次数: 0

Nature, Nurture, and the Meaning of Educational Attainment: Differences by Sex and Socioeconomic Status. 自然、养育和教育成就的意义：性别和社会经济地位的差异。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Twin Research and Human Genetics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.6

Thalida Em Arpawong, Margaret Gatz, Catalina Zavala, Tara L Gruenewald, Ellen E Walters, Carol A Prescott

{"title":"Nature, Nurture, and the Meaning of Educational Attainment: Differences by Sex and Socioeconomic Status.","authors":"Thalida Em Arpawong, Margaret Gatz, Catalina Zavala, Tara L Gruenewald, Ellen E Walters, Carol A Prescott","doi":"10.1017/thg.2023.6","DOIUrl":"10.1017/thg.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Estimated heritability of educational attainment (EA) varies widely, from 23% to 80%, with growing evidence suggesting the degree to which genetic variation contributes to individual differences in EA is highly dependent upon situational factors. We aimed to decompose EA into influences attributable to genetic propensity and to environmental context and their interplay, while considering influences of rearing household economic status (HES) and sex. We use the Project Talent Twin and Sibling Study, drawn from the population-representative cohort of high school students assessed in 1960 and followed through 2014, to ages 68-72. Data from 3552 twins and siblings from 1741 families were analyzed using multilevel regression and multiple group structural equation models. Individuals from less-advantaged backgrounds had lower EA and less variation. Genetic variance accounted for 51% of the total variance, but within women and men, 40% and 58% of the total variance respectively. Men had stable genetic variance on EA across all HES strata, whereas high HES women showed the same level of genetic influence as men, and lower HES women had constrained genetic influence on EA. Unexpectedly, middle HES women showed the largest constraints in genetic influence on EA. Shared family environment appears to make an outsized contribution to greater variability for women in this middle stratum and whether they pursue more EA. Implications are that without considering early life opportunity, genetic studies on education may mischaracterize sex differences because education reflects different degrees of genetic and environmental influences for women and men.","PeriodicalId":23446,"journal":{"name":"Twin Research and Human Genetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10601668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0