Politics & Energy eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Does Quality of Government and Trust Explain the Cross-National Variation in Public Support for Climate Policies?","authors":"Dragana Davidović, Niklas Harring","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3706867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3706867","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with the Paris agreement, the signing countries have undertaken to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, implying more government intervention to steer the behaviors of different actors with climate policy measures. However, states face very different possibilities for gaining support for such interventions, especially those targeting the consumption patterns of individual citizens, due to for example the variation in economic development, the quality of political institutions, and other country covariates. While most research on climate policy support has focused on individual factors, such as ideological position, values and socio-demographic factors, there are also studies out there showing that there is quite some variation in country support for various climate change policies. Using newly published data from the European Social Survey, we explore whether variation in climate policy support is associated with levels of quality of government (QoG) and individuals’ trust in political institutions and people in general, and if these associations vary across different types of climate policies. We find that QoG and generalized trust are positively linked to support for climate taxes, but we find no associations with support for climate subsidies and climate bans. Moreover, we find that political and institutional trust are more strongly linked to support for climate taxes than to support for climate subsidies and climate bans.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134221401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sober Optimism and the Formation of International Environmental Agreements","authors":"L. Karp, H. Sakamoto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3337139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3337139","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze a dynamic model of international environmental agreements (IEAs) where countries cannot make long-term commitments or use sanctions or rewards to induce cooperation. Countries can communicate with each other to build endogenous beliefs about the random consequences of (re)opening negotiation. If countries are patient, an effective agreement can be reached after a succession of short-lived ineffective agreements. This eventual success requires sober optimism\": the understanding that cooperation is possible but not easy to achieve. Negotiations matter because beliefs are important. An empirical application illustrates the importance of sober optimism in the climate agreement.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126912589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Rural Women in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From the Niger Delta in Nigeria","authors":"J. I. Uduji, E. N. Okolo-Obasi, S. Asongu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3314694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3314694","url":null,"abstract":"Low productivity among female farmers when compared with their male counterparts is considered an outcome of limited access to agricultural land and inputs. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies’ (MOCs’) CSR on rural women access to modern agricultural inputs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total of 700 rural female farmers were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a logit model indicated that CSR recorded significant success in agricultural development generally, but has undermined equality. This implies that if a woman’s agricultural productivity is continuously hindered by unequal access to agricultural resources (or opportunities) and widespread inequality will limit poverty reduction efforts in Nigeria. The results also showed that women depended on CSR of MOCs for policy dialogue and advocacy for women’s access to agricultural land and inputs. Supporting agricultural initiatives that focus on empowering women would boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"241 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121096948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India’s Renewable Energy Potential: A Review","authors":"Kashfina Kapadia, A. Agrawal, H. Sharma, N. Malviya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3329776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3329776","url":null,"abstract":"India, with a population of 1.2 billion people, is one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. There is always a very strong demand for energy, which currently comes mainly from coal, oil and oil, is not just renewable. It is also harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is important for India to achieve the security of energy supply without affecting the booming economy, which means finding alternative sources of energy. This would mean that the country has to switch from non-renewable energy (oil and coal) to renewable energy. The Indian government has already taken several steps and launched numerous agencies to achieve its goal of becoming one of the world's leading producers of clean energy. Renewable energy is the energy of a resource that can be replaced by existing energy flows such as the sun, wind, water, biological processes and geothermal heat fluxes. These energy resources can be used directly or indirectly as forms of energy. In this paper it is discussed that the potential and technological opportunities in this direction in the context of India.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134322090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Naked Truth About US Climate Policy","authors":"R. Richels, G. Yohe, H. Jacoby","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3298322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3298322","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is in two parts. The first is a fable starring Ripley Van Winkle, an eminent Scientist; and, the Nation’s Leader, who needs no introduction. “Rip�? is disturbed about the nature and direction of current climate policy and wants to know why people are ignoring the naked truth about what is turning out to be a dire threat to the country. She discovers part of the problem when she encounters a tailor who has been tasked with making a new set of clothes for the country’s egotistical Leader. He is told that the clothes must not only be the “best�?, but the “best ever.�? The tailor makes the clothes from a see-through fabric, but the Leader is hesitant to acknowledge that he appears to be naked because to do so would be to admit that he is not the wisest Leader ever. The current state of US climate policy echoes the Leaders arrogance. It reflects an extraordinary predisposition to ignore, misinterpret, or misrepresent the data and underlying science. It risks poisoning the new global climate regime just getting underway. Rip also discovers that, in addition to the lack of political Leadership, people are confusing greenhouse gases with more conventional pollutants. Climate change is a very different type of environmental problem. Even if we were to stop emissions immediately, its impacts would be felt far into the future; and, that the risks from continuing to emit GHGs are great, both in terms of the magnitude and the nature of the damages. Thus, to do nothing would be sheer folly; persistent inaction would only court existential catastrophe. Rip proceeds to take a very long nap and will awake to one of two worlds. In the first, the nation has stayed with the status quo. In the second, the nation has aggressively pursued a more constructive path - one that not only moves toward stopping GHG emissions, but also deals with their aftermath through adaptation. The second part of the paper describes what the US can do to help put climate policy on the right path. We explain how it is in the US’ own self-interest to do so. We cannot afford to sleep, like Rip, through the critical years ahead. We must be more awake than we have ever been if we are to address the risks of climate change while we still can. Time is running out.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACE – Analytic Climate Economy (with Temperature and Uncertainty)","authors":"Christian P. Traeger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3307622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3307622","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a revised version of: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2667972. \u0000 \u0000The Analytic Climate Economy (ACE) closes a gap between analytic climate change assessments and quantitative numeric integrated assessment models (IAMs) used in policy advising. Its closed-form solution links IAM components and parametric assumptions directly to their policy impacts. Its analytic nature overcomes Bellman's curse of dimensionality for a wide range of stochastic processes. ACE shows that uncertainty flips the main drivers of the carbon tax. Uncertainty also makes IAMs even more sensitive to the discount rate and its composition. Under a recent survey's median estimate for pure time preference, uncertainty almost triples the optimal tax.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116187071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Electricity Consumption, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in India","authors":"R. Ohlan","doi":"10.1111/opec.12134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opec.12134","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the empirical relationship between electricity consumption, trade openness and economic growth in India utilising cointegration tests and Granger causality vector error correction model for the period 1971–2016. The results of ARDL model reveal that the variables are cointegrated. The robustness of the long‐run relationship between variables is confirmed by applying Hatemi‐J cointegration model. The empirical results show that electricity consumption statistically significantly stimulates economic growth in India both in long term and short term. However, the elasticity of economic growth with respect to electricity use is found to be higher in the long term than that of the short term. Furthermore, we find the existence of a long‐term Granger causality flowing from electricity use to economic growth. In addition, the electricity consumption is also commanded by economic growth in the short‐run. As a broad policy implication, India needs to focus on the development of a sustainable mode of electricity production for achieving high economic growth in the years to come.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114991044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation Issues in New Zealand's Climate Change Policy","authors":"Billie Haddleton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3449049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449049","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand is already experiencing the effects of a warming climate and needs to adapt its built, social and ecological systems to reduce vulnerability to climate impacts. Currently, there is no coordinated approach to climate change adaptation in New Zealand. There is no overarching policy or legislation provided by central government to guide adaptation action by other sectors. Amongst other issues, it is unclear how climate change adaptation will be funded. This paper evaluates some of the challenges present in New Zealand’s current adaptation framework. It argues that adaptation requires policy response from central government. Mitigation of carbon emissions can no longer be the sole focus of climate change policy. This paper proposes that climate change adaptation be addressed in legislation by requiring central government to engage with the issue through a series of policy documents. These would include a national climate change risk assessment, a national adaptation plan, and an independent adaptation progress report. These documents will be updated every five years and will thus provide for a coordinated response to adaptation that allows progress to be monitored and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114709267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Cross Country Comparison/Aggregation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data for African Countries; 1990 to 2014","authors":"Tari N. Iwueke, Hans E. Alagoa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3239134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3239134","url":null,"abstract":"Climate Change is a complex problem, which, although environment in nature, has consequences for all spheres of existence on our planet. At the very heart of the response to Climate Change lies the need to reduce emissions. Maintaining national Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories provided by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) offers the means to monitor the trend of GHG emissions worldwide. Under the UNFCCC, all Parties are required to provide national Greenhouse Gas (GHS) inventories. A perusal of available GHG data, from the UNFCCC website and from such reliable sources as the World’s Development Indicators of the World Bank, indicates that the inventories are not up-to-date. The Greenhouse Gas Information System (GHGIS) of UNFCCC’s secretariat enables inventories to be searched and presented at various levels of detail, and in different combinations. Using data from GHG inventories of African countries, this paper contains illustrations of the kinds of Cross-Country Comparison/Aggregation of GHG inventories data, which can be generated by the GHGIS.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133127162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decades of Climate Policy Failure in Canada: Can We Break the Vicious Cycle?","authors":"Meinhard Doelle","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3228743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3228743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the causes of 20 years of climate policy failure in Canada.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}