Translational gastroenterology and hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of prognostic germline polymorphisms in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Michael Herman, Benjamin H. Lok, Steven Gallinger, Laura Dawson, Raymond Kim, Dangxiao Cheng, Tara Paton, Roxana Bucur, Devalben Patel, Rouhi Fazelzad, Katrina Hueniken, Geoffrey Liu","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-22","url":null,"abstract":"Background The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is influenced by both tumor and patient specific factors. Current therapies of advanced HCC target angiogenesis and immune evasion, however there are no clinically useful biomarkers to guide clinicians. Methods Our aim in this retrospective cohort study was to validate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prognostic of outcome in advanced HCC from the literature, and to analyze exploratory SNPs chosen from evaluation of the HCC tumor immune microenvironment. Using a database of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib, blood samples were genotyped, clinical variables were retrospectively collected, and SNPs were analyzed for association with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A subsequent analysis was conducted to determine if identified SNPs were prognostic in trans arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treated patients. Results Literature review identified 7 SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), eNOS, angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), however none were externally validated in our dataset. Of the 35 exploratory immunomodulatory SNPs, the following were associated with PFS or OS: CCL2 C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) (rs1024611), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (rs1800896), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (rs231775) and NFKB1 (rs28362491). Conclusions SNPs identified by literature review to be prognostic in sorafenib treated patients with advanced HCC were not validated in our dataset. Our findings suggest potentially important prognostic implications of SNPs in VEGFR2, CCL2, IL-10, CTLA-4 and NFKB1 that deserve further study.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and effectiveness of an improved endoscopically guided nasojejunal tube placement technique in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Wei-Ling Liang, Ming-Zhe Ma, Xiao-Hui Min, Xia Ouyang, Jie Liu, Hai-Hua Wu, Chun-Xia Zhan, Xiao-Mei Li","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-87","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The endoscopic nasojejunal (NJ) placement plays a pivotal role in the nutritional support of critically ill patients. However, the conventional endoscopy-guided tube insertion method presents issues of excessive procedural duration. We have enhanced the traditional endoscopy-guided catheter placement method, enabling a faster and more convenient catheter insertion.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening—what does the recent NordICC trial mean for the U.S. population?","authors":"Taranika Sarkar Das, Jessica Rauch, Aasma Shaukat","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-20","url":null,"abstract":": The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has declined over time, though it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. It has the third highest incidence in incidence among all cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Screening reduces the incidence and mortality from CRC. There are several modalities for CRC screening, but the most common ones are a choice between a non-invasive stool-based test, such as fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or an invasive endoscopic modality, such as colonoscopy. In the U.S. colonoscopy is the predominant CRC screening modality, with observational studies reporting large reductions in CRC incidence and mortality. Recently, a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) on effectiveness of colonoscopy reported smaller than expected reduction in CRC incidence and no reduction in CRC mortality with colonoscopy screening. Explanations of the lower than expected benefit include low uptake of colonoscopy, short follow-up for mortality endpoints and quality indicators (QIs) for some of the endoscopists participating in the screening colonoscopies. The findings of the study need to be taken in context with other literature on effectiveness of colonoscopy, with the overall message of reassuring patients of the benefits of screening, and colonoscopy. Here, we discuss the latest evidence on colonoscopy screening and it in the context of other screening modalities and the landscape.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in acute cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","authors":"Anurag Singh, Mandeep Kaur, Christie Swaminathan, Atreya Subramanian, Krishna K. Singh, Muhammad S. Sajid","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-48","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients admitted with acute cholecystitis is considered the preferred, feasible and safe mode of managing gallstone disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of single-dose pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing emergency LC for mild to moderate acute cholecystitis.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term impact of sarcopenia in older patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Masayoshi Terayama, Manabu Ohashi, Motonari Ri, Rie Makuuchi, Masaru Hayami, Satoshi Ida, Koshi Kumagai, Takeshi Sano, Souya Nunobe","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-34","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sarcopenia is an inevitable problem in older patients. After gastrectomy, patients often have an inadequate dietary intake and easily fall into sarcopenia. However, the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on long-term outcomes after gastrectomy has not been analyzed. Methods A systematic review was conducted for all relevant articles identified on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov until April 2023. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed or random effects model according to the heterogeneity. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to quantify study quality. Results Seven studies involving 1,831 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were analyzed. Four hundred twelve patients (22.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The analysis showed that preoperative sarcopenia was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR =1.93; 95% CI:1.60–2.34; P<0.001). Two of the included studies also showed that preoperative sarcopenia was significantly correlated with disease-related survival: one with disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR =4.00; 95% CI: 1.20–13.3, P=0.024) and the other with non-cancer specific survival (HR =3.27; 95% CI: 1.61–6.67; P=0.001). Furthermore, sarcopenic patients experienced more severe complications than non-sarcopenic patients (OR =1.80; 95% CI: 1.10–2.95; P=0.019). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that preoperative sarcopenia is useful as a prognostic factor of impaired OS in older patients after gastrectomy. Preoperative evaluation and intervention for skeletal muscle loss should be considered. Further studies of sarcopenic impact on disease-related survival are required.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136159846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fucoidan plant drink reduces Helicobacter pylori load in the stomach: a real-world study","authors":"Qing-Liang Teng, Shu-Jing Sui, Zhen Zhu, Qing Gao, Hui Ge, Ke-Qiang Wang, Leonardo S. Lino-Silva, Michael Sigal, Jonathan R. White, Qi-Hui Peng, You-Zhen Wei","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-63","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is highly prevalent globally and is predominantly managed by antibiotics. Recently, the anti-adhesive, antioxidant, antitoxin, immunomodulatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-infective activities of fucoidan, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds, have been widely studied, and the results showed promise. Fucoidan has the potential to be utilized in Hp eradication therapy. Our present clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of Lewuyou®, a fucoidan plant drink (FPD) in eradicating Hp in humans.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The real efficacy of microbiota restoration following standard of care antimicrobial in patients with recurrent Clostridiodes difficile","authors":"Kanika Sehgal, Paul Feuerstadt","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic advancement in inflammatory bowel disease by incorporating plant-based diet","authors":"Mitsuro Chiba, Tsuyotoshi Tsuji, Masafumi Komatsu","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-6","url":null,"abstract":": Identification and recognition of the ubiquitous environmental factor are prerequisite for treatment and prevention of the disease. The biggest problem with current practice in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the lack of a widely appreciated ubiquitous environmental factor for the disease. The incidence of IBD is associated with dietary transition from a traditional diet to the current (westernized) diet. Prospective cohort studies and case-control studies indicate that the current diet is a risk factor for IBD. The current diet tends to cause gut microbial dysbiosis resulting in a pro-inflammatory state. Therefore, we regard our current diet as this factor. Even nutritionally balanced meals are unable to suppress relapse, particularly in Crohn’s disease (CD). Therefore, we developed a plant-based diet (PBD) (lacto-ovo-semi-vegetarian diet) to counter the current diet. By incorporating the PBD into practice, we achieved far better outcomes in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD in both the induction and quiescent phases compared to the current standard therapy. All patients were treated on an inpatient basis and provided with a PBD. CD is far more untenable than UC and is destined to follow a disabling course. Therefore, infliximab was indicated in all patients with CD, but only in severe cases with UC. This infliximab and PBD as first-line (IPF) therapy broke the barrier of primary nonresponders to biologics (around 30%): the remission rate was 96% (44/46) in CD and 76% (13/17) in severe UC. A PBD can induce remission without medication in approximately one-third of mild cases of UC. All patients were advised to adhere PBD after discharge. In CD, a relapse-free outcome was achieved in nearly a half of patients (52%) at 10-year follow-up without biologics or immunosuppressants. Cumulative relapse rates for 51 initial episode cases of UC (18 mild, 30 moderate, 3 severe) at 1 and 5 years were 14% and 27%, respectively. We believe our assertion that the current diet is the ubiquitous environmental factor underlying IBD is correct and a PBD is right diet for the disease.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of second cancer in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma survivors: a population-based analysis in SEER dataset","authors":"Xiaona Qi, Xiaoying Su, Changhong Wang, Qiang Yao, Yuying Fan","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous studies have reported increased risk of second cancer in both esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) survivors. This study aimed to examine the risk and influential factors of second cancer in ESCC and EAC patients.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial resection during operative management of pancreatic head and uncinate process adenocarcinoma: a systematic review","authors":"Alexander A. Dermanis, James Halle-Smith, Sarah Powell-Brett, J. Keith Roberts, Robert P. Sutcliffe, Nikolaos Chatzizacharias","doi":"10.21037/tgh-23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh-23-33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical resection is a part of the treatment pathways for the management of pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement. Arterial resection in this context is however not widely supported due to the paucity and diversity of the reported evidence in the literature. The aim of this systematic review is the presentation and analysis of the current evidence in the field.","PeriodicalId":23267,"journal":{"name":"Translational gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}