Bulletin of the Military University of Technology最新文献

{"title":"Applications of the sensor network to examine human vital signs","authors":"Rafał Nogły, M. Wnuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8574","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the currently available devices used in sensor networks to examinehuman vital signs and the available knowledge about sensors and their sensitivity to electromagneticinterference. The article contains the basic concepts describing the studied issues that allow usto understand the be-ing researched scientific field. In addition, it contains requirements for theimplementation of the sen-sor network for the requirements of the services. This will allow you toillustrate the issues related to the development of a universal sensor network that increases the securityof a soldier on the battlefield. It should also be borne in mind that with the final implementation it willalso be necessary to carry out additional tests in difficult environments due to electromagnetic radiation.Keywords: sensor network, sensors, vital signs, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic interference.","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124668765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The process of organisation of abnormal road transport on the example of Poland","authors":"Gabriel Lesiak, S. Mitkow","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8567","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to characterise the road transport of abnormal loads and theprocess of obtaining an abnormal transportation clearance as well as to present a method of supportingtransport organisation. The authors undertook to characterise road transport of abnormal loads inlight of Polish conditions. The current legal environment in Poland, foreign and domestic literaturewere used in the research for analysis. The planning process for transport of abnormal load with theanalysis of requirements specified was performed in a practical manner. In addition, the successivesteps of this process were included on a structured algorithm, showing the steps taken in the researchmethodology. A detailed analysis showed the complexity of abnormal road transport and the challengesit faces. The experience conducted shows that the process of obtaining an abnormal transportationclearance is time-consuming and involves many institutions working together. An analysis of therequirements for abnormal transport shows the process areas that are bottlenecks. Focusing effortson their proper organisation can ensure safe preparation of transport and effective management ofthe entire transportation process. The experience conducted to obtain an abnormal transportationclearance allows us to learn and understand this process, which can be a kind of signpost for thoseorganising such transport without the necessary knowledge. The authors conducted an experiment,applying for a hypothetical abnormal transportation clearance to the General Directorate of NationalRoads and Motorways.Keywords: abnormal transport, road transport, organisation of transport, transport management","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128170783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the measurement of radiation emission to recognise the device","authors":"Mateusz Gajowniczek, M. Wnuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8572","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes currently available knowledge related to the universally understoodissues of electromagnetic compatibility. It describes the basic concepts that will allow you to understandhow broad this scientific field is and how much it affects the devices we use daily. What is more, youcan also see how important it is in the work of the service and when we process classified informationin IT equipment. The article should be treated as an introduction to an attempt to create researchmethod which can indicate type of the tested device basing on its compromising emanations. For thispurpose, it is necessary to become familiar with the methods of measuring revealing transmissionand the transmission channels in which the signal can propagate.Keywords: radiated emission, compromising emanations, revealing emission channels, deviceidentification, revealing emission measurement methods, EMC","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133513616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination detection — new calls","authors":"W. Harmata","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8568","url":null,"abstract":"The overview article deals with the current issue of contamination detection. Unfortunately,the threat of the possibility of using weapons of mass destruction in a local conflict caused byRussia cannot be excluded. In addition, analysing contemporary threats, it is necessary to take intoaccount the possibility of activity of terrorists using improvised explosive devices with acetone andurotropin peroxides. The country’s contamination reconnaissance (detection) system is technicallyand procedurally outdated compared to NATO solutions. Point detectors and patrols operating in thearea of contamination domi-nate, while in NATO armies remote systems, e.g., using lidar techniques,unmanned means, etc., are used. Poland has all the elements to establish this type of contaminationreconnaissance system.Keywords: chemical sciences, improvised explosive devices, detection and monitoring of contamination.","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116906283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection and identification of samples contaminated with chemical warfare agents and their degradation products with the use of military equipment for detectingchemical contamination at the site of their occurrence","authors":"Monika Kuligowska, S. Neffe","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8573","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical warfare agents are still a real threat in the surrounding world. They canbe used in armed conflicts and as an alternative to conventional weapons for terrorist groups. The greatchallenge of today’s world is ammunition and barrels filled with deadly poisonous chemicals that aresunk or buried in many regions. The effects of time and environmental conditions have caused thesesubstances to increasingly leak into the areas used by humans, contaminating groundwater, soil, andaquatic organisms. Consequently, drinking water and food products of plant and animal origin arecontaminated. In the face of a threat, an essential element in protecting life and health is the fast detectionof contamination and its reliable identification. This paper gives an overview of the threats caused bychemical warfare agents and residues from the processes of their environmental degradation. It alsoallows us to get acquainted with the latest achievements in detecting and identifying contaminationwhen we know the equipment intended for the needs of the armed forces and stationary chemicallaboratories. The knowledge presented here and the selected data will enable our selection of appropriateequipment for the assigned tasks for members of contamination reconnaissance teams. The proceduresfor handling samples potentially containing chemical warfare agents or their degradation products areessential knowledge for members of military sampling teams. They can also support specialist staffemployed in field and stationary laboratories. The information gathered here will improve the safetyof working with samples contaminated with toxic substances at every stage. Increasing awareness ofthe scale of the threat as well as proper actions and a quick response to the existing contamination dueto the use of the latest technologies will enable us to make well-considered decisions and significantlyimprove the population’s safety.Keywords: chemical sciences, chemical weapons, detection and analysis of chemical warfare agents,CBRN","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122553961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directional link attenuation in millimeter-wave range based on empirical model modification","authors":"Dawid Pawlak, J. Kelner","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6745","url":null,"abstract":"The upcoming fifth and next generation mobile phone systems will use not only the frequencybands of sub-6 GHz but also the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands. From a practical viewpoint,this approach requires the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems. To ensure greaterenergy efficiency of the wireless link, the radio beams on the transmitting and receiving sides shouldbe aligned ones. Path loss models are commonly used for designing the radio communication systemsand networks. However, in the literature, there are no adequate methods of attenuation modellingavailable for the cases of misalignment of antenna beams. In this paper, a method of modifying the pathloss model, based on a multi-elliptical propagation model, is proposed. For this purpose, dedicatedsoftware was developed in the MATLAB environment, which was used to conduct simulation tests.In the remainder of the paper, exemplary results of the adaptation of empirical path loss models inthe range of millime-ter-waves are presented, which were obtained using the developed program.Keywords: wireless communication, radio wave propagation, path loss models, multi-ellipticalpropagation model, directional antennas, directional radio link, millimeter waves, 5G systems,simulation studies","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126331922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of the Orthogonal Smectic A Phase in Mixtures of Nematic Tolanes with Positive and Negative Dielectric Anisotropy","authors":"Paulina Zieja, Barbara Klucznik, M. Tykarska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6737","url":null,"abstract":"Induction of the orthogonal smectic A phase occurs in mixtures of nematic compounds with positive and negative dielectric anisotropy. The aim of this work is to determine influence of a molecular structure of compounds on the induction strength of this phase. Cyclohexyl tolanes with the terminal group OCF3, differing with a lateral substitution of a rigid core with fluorine atoms, were mixed with tolanes with two fluorine atoms in a lateral position and different lengths of a terminal alkoxy chain. Based on phase diagrams, obtained with the use of a polarising optical microscope, the influence of a structure of both types of compounds on the induction of the SmA phase is presented. Both, an increase in a number of fluorine atoms in a rigid core and a decrease in an alkoxy chain length cause a decrease in the strength of the SmA phase induction in the investigated systems.Keywords: chemistry, liquid crystals, smectic A phase induction, miscibility studies","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127467872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of operation and reaction time of a motorcycle braking system","authors":"Kamil Krakowiak, A. Dębowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6746","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a description and methodology of testing brake systems in single-trackvehicles. The construction of the stand, which was used to determine the value of force and pressureon a single brake caliper of the brake circuit in the tested motorcycle, was described. The followingsection pre-sents the methodology of elaborating the results of bench tests. The operation of eachcircuit was ana-lysed separately. Graphs describing the determined response times for both brakingcircuits are present-ed. The obtained results of bench tests show that the average time of activation ofthe braking system from the moment of applying force to the brake lever to reaching the full value ofthe braking force is 0.2 secondsKeywords: braking system, reaction time, motorcycle brake system testing, brake system pressure value","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133047903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated triage supporting system with a decision tree algorithm and survival function","authors":"A. P. Dobrowolski, Pawel Oskwarek, Szymon Rokicki, Paweł Wiktorzak, P. Łubkowski, P. Murawski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6743","url":null,"abstract":"Events with a large number of casualties are an element inherent in activities on the battlefield.The difference in the triage used on the battlefield in relation to the triage used in the case of masscivil accidents results directly from the specificity of the event and the assumed goals. During armedconflicts, the priority is to achieve the tasks and goals set. From the point of view of the command, themission to rescue the casualties takes place largely, so that they can be restored to further operationsas soon as possible the priority on the battlefield is to complete the mission, not to rescue all thewounded. During armed conflicts, forces and resources will always be limited, and the evacuationof the victims will have to be carried out in several stages or will be extended in time. Rescuers oftenhave to deal with prolonged care on the battlefield and they are forced to deal with the wounded muchlonger than during mass civilian incidents. The implementation of new technological solutions thatminimise potential human error, collect and automatically analyse medical data in real time, willenable us especially in the theater of war faster identification of the condition of the injured andsetting priorities. Nowadays, when war takes a completely different form, solutions should be soughtthat will give the wounded a chance to survive. The priority in the case of MASC AL events is thequickest possible assessment of vital parameters that allow for targeted assistance, which are intendedto reduce the mortality rate of the victims, give a chance to get specialist help. The use of artificialintelligence will make it possible to optimise the activities of rescuers already at the stage of reachingthe scene of the event. The article presents an innovative segregation algorithm that takes into accountthe value of the so-called function of survival chances, which is an element of the medical evacuationdecision support system, based on the integration of monitoring and analysis of soldiers vital signswith the medical security system.Keywords: vital signs, triage, support vector machine","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversy Over Chemical Weapons Dumped in the Baltic Sea","authors":"Krzysztof Świder","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6748","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to discuss and attempt to analyse the issue of chemical weaponscontaining chemical warfare agents (CWA) and conventional ammunition containing toxic chemicalsthat pose a threat to the ecological safety of the Baltic Sea waters. These substances have been dumpedin the Baltic Sea and they are a real problem, therefore, it is necessary to assess and try to determine,at least theoretically, the degree of risk to the marine environment and human health. Work ondetermining the ecological risk assessment is the subject of activities under the flagship project underthe Strategy of the Baltic Sea Region, in which the Baltic Sea Environment Protection Commission(HELCOM) and the State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) play a leading role, performing the tasksof the Chief Inspector of Environmental Protection as a government representative of the central officefor environmental protection.Keywords: chemical weapons, chemical warfare agents, ecological safety, contamination of the BalticSea, threats of the natural environment","PeriodicalId":232579,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Military University of Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132144350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}