Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa最新文献_第8页

Eliminating malaria from the margins of transmission in Southern Africa through the Elimination 8 Initiative 通过消除疟疾行动在南部非洲消除疟疾的传播边缘

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410

J. Raman, P. Fakudze, C. Sikaala, J. Chimumbwa, D. Moonasar

{"title":"Eliminating malaria from the margins of transmission in Southern Africa through the Elimination 8 Initiative","authors":"J. Raman, P. Fakudze, C. Sikaala, J. Chimumbwa, D. Moonasar","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","url":null,"abstract":"Four southern Africa countries, namely, Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South Africa, were identified by the World Health Organization as having the potential to eliminate malaria in the near future. However, the extreme interconnectedness of southern African countries facilitates the constant movement of malaria parasites across country-borders, predominately from higher-burden “source” countries to lower-burden “sink” countries, reinforcing the notion that malaria elimination in any southern African country would not be possible without regional cooperation and collaboration. The Elimination 8 initiative (E8) was therefore, created by Health Ministers from eight countries (Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) to coordinate the implementation of a regional malaria elimination strategy. The E8 supported the implementation of five cross-border malaria control initiatives and the deployment of malaria health units at strategic points along shared borders. These units have contributed to a 30% and 46% reduction in malaria incidence and mortality, respectively, in the E8 border regions. The Situation Room, a novel data sharing platform developed and supported by the E8, has allowed for the early detection of and prompt response to malaria outbreaks. This platform played a vital role in identifying resources gaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite advancing the elimination agenda, the E8 region faces challenges which include, significant increases in malaria in certain member states, limited domestic funding and health system bottlenecks. These must be urgently addressed if the gains made through the E8 are to be sustained and malaria elimination is to be achieved across southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"137 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Obituary: Robert John (Bob) Scholes (28 October 1957–28 April 2021) 讣告:罗伯特·约翰(鲍勃)斯科尔斯(1957年10月28日- 2021年4月28日)

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1934285

B. V. van Wilgen

引用次数: 0

Correction 修正

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1940574

引用次数: 0

The effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) 幼虫吸烟对主要疟疾媒介阿拉伯按蚊生活史的影响（直翅目：蚊科）

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004

S. Oliver

{"title":"The effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"S. Oliver","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","url":null,"abstract":"Anopheles arabiensis typically breeds in clean, temporary bodies of water. This species, however, is adapting to breeding in polluted water. This has the effect of pollutants being non-insecticidal forms of selection pressure driving insecticide resistance. Cigarette butts are common plastic pollutants which are complex toxicants that would include nicotine pollutants. This is of concern as the neonicotinoid clothianidin is suggested as a potential vector control insecticide. As such, there is a risk that larval exposure to cigarette pollution could alter the efficacy of this insecticide. This study aimed to examine the effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of laboratory-reared An. arabiensis, as well as elucidate the role of nicotine in these effects. Two laboratory strains of An. arabiensis were used, the insecticide susceptible SENN and the resistant SENN-DDT strain. The effects of cigarette and nicotine exposure on key life history traits were assessed. SENN-DDT laid more eggs in cigarette-polluted water than SENN but developed significantly slower in polluted water. Larval cigarette selection increased adult longevity in SENN-DDT, but reduced longevity in SENN. Larval selection did not alter neonicotinoid tolerance in males of either strain, or female SENN. Nicotine selection increased tolerance to both neonicotinoids, but cigarette selection only increased clothianidin tolerance in SENN-DDT females. Insecticide resistant An. arabiensis therefore had an advantage in cigarette polluted environments. Selection for cigarette tolerance only increased neonicotinoid tolerance where insecticide resistance was already present. Therefore, larval cigarette exposure may only have a limited effect on neonicotinoid efficacy for malaria control.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44117774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo, South Africa 利用旅游业促进南非林波波穆西纳市社区生计的前景

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912847

A. Ramaano

{"title":"Prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo, South Africa","authors":"A. Ramaano","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912847","url":null,"abstract":"Musina municipality is one of the driest municipality in the far North of Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is plainly constituted by poor livelihoods of rural communities, as extensively does most rural communities elsewhere. Nevertheless, the Municipality represents some of the most tourism-based areas in the Vhembe district of Limpopo. The matters of tourism, community livelihoods and sustainable development have been increasingly coming to the forefront. Nonetheless, numerous studies fail to properly assume the integral significances and the comprehensive roles of various forms of tourism in community development within many rural areas; such being a special contribution to the academic knowledge from this investigation. This study evaluates “prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo South Africa”. In order to adequately comprehend the dynamics of tourism in Musina municipality, data were ultimately gathered through the use questionnaire surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, document reviews and field observations. Thus, Microsoft Excel, Spread sheet and Manual sorting of data contributed to both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. The study discovered that there are vast tourism potentials, attributed by poor tourism impacts and benefits on local community’s livelihoods improvement. The implications and contributory factors leading to the actual and potential tourism statuses in Musina municipality were essentially scrutinised. The study resolves that Musina municipality is well endowed with tourism potentials that require a proper tourism strategy to afford the benefits to the locals.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"201 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48224468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Progress, challenges and priorities for malaria elimination in South Africa 南非消除疟疾的进展、挑战和优先事项

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274

D. Moonasar, C. Davies, R. Balawanth, E. Misiani, M. Shandukani, J. Raman, Y. Pillay

{"title":"Progress, challenges and priorities for malaria elimination in South Africa","authors":"D. Moonasar, C. Davies, R. Balawanth, E. Misiani, M. Shandukani, J. Raman, Y. Pillay","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","url":null,"abstract":"Low incidence rates of malaria (<1/1000 population at risk) in South Africa led the World Health Organization to recommend that the country pursue malaria elimination (zero local cases). The first elimination strategy published in 2012, targeted elimination by 2018. Unfortunately, this goal was not realised. This paper explores the challenges faced and lessons learnt during the implementation of the country’s first elimination strategy and makes recommendations for accelerating towards malaria elimination using the revised elimination strategy (2019–2023). Secondary descriptive data analysis was used to gauge progress and identify challenges and lessons learnt. Data were sourced from the WHO malaria end term programme review reports (2012–2018), a WHO malaria elimination certification checklist report and the National Malaria DHIS2 malaria elimination database. Malaria cases in South Africa increased from 5255 in 2012 to 15,554 in 2018, with an outbreak in 2017 where 28,264 cases were reported. Local transmission occurred in 11 of the 52 districts but with varying transmission intensities. Sub-optimal coverage of essential vector control and surveillance interventions were noted in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Case notification within 24 h, and accurate case classification remain challenges. The National Malaria Control Programme mobilised additional financial resources from government to address the challenges identified – particularly, in terms of vector control intervention coverage, surveillance activities (parasitological and entomological) and employment of an appropriately skilled workforce. Districts with close to zero local cases will be supported for sub-national malaria elimination. This phased approached will advance elimination of malaria in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"105 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44185568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

On the invariance and conservation laws of differential equations 微分方程的不变性和守恒定律

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2020.1850541

A. Kara

引用次数: 3

Politics of fossils and the Royal Society: two letters from Robert Broom to Alexander du Toit (1941–1942) 化石政治与皇家学会:罗伯特·布鲁姆写给亚历山大·杜·托伊特的两封信(1941-1942)

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2020.1856214

S. Master

引用次数: 2

Challenges of effective management of medical waste in low-resource settings: perception of healthcare workers in Vhembe district healthcare facilities, South Africa 在低资源环境中有效管理医疗废物的挑战：南非Vhembe区医疗机构医护人员的看法

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949

F. C. Olaniyi, J. Ogola, T. Tshitangano

{"title":"Challenges of effective management of medical waste in low-resource settings: perception of healthcare workers in Vhembe district healthcare facilities, South Africa","authors":"F. C. Olaniyi, J. Ogola, T. Tshitangano","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","url":null,"abstract":"Many developing countries face various challenges in managing medical waste properly, and most of these challenges lie within the healthcare facilities. This study was conducted to investigate the challenges of effective management of medical waste in Vhembe District from the perspective of healthcare workers. The convergent parallel approach of mixed-method design was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers, infection prevention and control coordinators and environmental health practitioners of 15 public healthcare facilities in the district to gain insight into the challenges they identify in their respective healthcare facilities. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain data from medical waste generators and handlers. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyse the quantitative data. The challenges identified by healthcare workers include poor understanding of medical waste management guidelines and poor compliance; lack of regular training; poor attitudes of medical waste generators; insufficiency of waste management equipment and sub-standard central storage rooms. Most of the challenges were found to be linked to inadequate training of healthcare workers. For effective management of medical waste, efforts should be intensified towards adequate training of healthcare workers and provision of necessary equipment.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"81 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Bats of Central and Southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis 非洲中部和南部的蝙蝠:生物地理学和分类学的综合

Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887005

M. Moir

引用次数: 7