Transactions of the Royal Historical Society最新文献

{"title":"RHT volume 29 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0080440119000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080440119000148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"f1 - f5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0080440119000148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIME AND DISTANCE: REFLECTIONS ON LOCAL AND GLOBAL HISTORY FROM EAST AFRICA","authors":"Richard J. Reid","doi":"10.1017/S0080440119000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440119000112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with East Africans’ perceptions of the intersection between their own, highly charged and contested, local histories, and the global past, as well as their place in it. The two case studies on which the paper is based – Eritrea and Uganda – have much in common in terms of recent history, not least in their experience of prolonged violence, and thus taken together they elucidate distinctive characteristics. Yet they also illustrate broader phenomena. On one level, particular interpretations of local history – both the deeper, precolonial past and the more recent, twentieth-century past – are utilised to critique the flow of global history, as well as the impositions of globalisation, and to emphasise the bitter experience of marginality and lack of agency. At the same time, the global past – conceptualised as the evolution of an intrusive, imperialist, hypocritical global order imposed by foreigners, usually Western in provenance – is seen as omnipresent and pervasive, and thus the arguments made around marginality serve to remind us, paradoxically, how central these communities are (or should be) to the framing of global history.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"253 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440119000112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROPORTIONATE MAIMING: THE ORIGINS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON'S PROVISIONS FOR FACIAL DISFIGUREMENT IN BILL 64","authors":"Emily Cock","doi":"10.1017/S0080440119000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440119000069","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1779, Thomas Jefferson proposed the use of nose-cutting to punish women convicted of specific offences, and the use of retaliation (lex talionis) for anyone who deliberately disfigured another person. These punishments were intended to replace the death penalty for these crimes, and as such formed part of Jefferson's attempt to rationalise the Virginian law code in line with eighteenth-century reform principles. Jefferson drew on British laws from the Anglo-Saxon period to the Coventry Act for his bill, but his proposals contrast strikingly with British movements away from corporal marking as punishment used against their own citizens. This article examines the origins and fates of equivalent crimes and punishments in the law codes Jefferson examined, and compares the legal and wider connotations of facial appearance and disfigurement that made these proposals coherent in Virginia when they had long ceased elsewhere. Tracing examples and discussion of these intersecting cases will greatly increase our understanding of Jefferson's proposals, and the relationships between facial difference, stigma and disability in eighteenth-century America. CRYNODEB Ym 1779, cynigiodd Thomas Jefferson y dylid cosbi menywod a oedd yn euog o droseddau penodol drwy dorri eu trwynau, a defnyddio dial (lex talionis) ar gyfer unrhyw un a anffurfiodd berson arall yn fwriadol. Bwriad y cosbau hyn oedd disodli'r gosb eithaf ar gyfer y troseddau hyn, ac felly roeddent yn rhan o ymgais Jefferson i resymoli cod cyfreithiol Virginia yn unol ag egwyddorion diwygio'r ddeunawfed ganrif. Cynlluniodd Jefferson fesur ar sail cyfreithiau Prydeinig o'r cyfnod Eingl-Sacsonaidd hyd at Ddeddf Coventry, ond roedd ei gynigion yn cyferbynnu'n drawiadol â symudiadau Prydain oddi wrth gosbi ei dinasyddion yn gorfforol. Mae'r erthygl hon yn edrych ar darddiad a thynged troseddau a chosbau cyfatebol y cyfreithiau roedd Jefferson yn eu harchwilio. Mae'n cymharu'r arwyddocâd cyfreithiol ac ehangach o ymddangosiad y wyneb ac anffurfio'r wyneb, a olygodd bod y cynigion hyn yn rhesymegol yn Virginia pan oeddent wedi dod i ben mewn mannau eraill ers amser maith. Byddwn yn cynyddu'n dealltwriaeth o gynigion Jefferson wrth olrhain enghreifftiau a thrafod yr achosion croestoriadol hyn, a'r berthynas rhwng anffurfio'r wyneb, stigma, ac anabledd yn America yn y ddeunawfed ganrif.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"127 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440119000069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUSICALISING HISTORY","authors":"M. Champion, Miranda Stanyon","doi":"10.1017/S0080440119000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440119000045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While there have been growing calls for historians to listen to the past, there are also significant barriers to integrating music in particular into broader historical practice. This article reflects on both the gains and difficulties of this integration, moving from an interrogation of the category of music to three case studies. These concern musical terms, compositional practices and cultures from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, revisiting some key debates in musicology: first, the highly charged language of sweetness deployed in the fifteenth century; second, connections discerned in nineteenth-century music history between medieval polyphony and contemporary attitudes towards time and authority; and, third, debate over the anti-Jewish implications of Handel's music, which we approach through his Dixit Dominus and a history of psalm interpretation stretching back to late antiquity. Through these case studies, we suggest the contribution of music to necessarily interdisciplinary fields including the study of temporality and emotions, but also explore how a historical hermeneutic with a long pedigree – ‘diversity of times’ (diversitas temporum) – might help to reframe arguments about musical interpretation. The article concludes by arguing that the very difficulty and slipperiness of music as a source can encourage properly reflective historical practice.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"79 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440119000045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POLITICS OF TIME AND STATE IDENTITY IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC","authors":"Marcus Colla","doi":"10.1017/S0080440119000100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440119000100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The communist regimes of Eastern Europe carried a particular set of assumptions about the way past, present and future related to one another. In the case of the German Democratic Republic (the GDR), these assumptions manifested themselves in official language and propaganda as a defence of the regime's dynamic and forward-looking historicity against the ‘ahistorical’ and ‘nostalgic’ modes of understanding that supposedly typified the historical consciousness of its West German adversary. By this view, the German Federal Republic – and the capitalist West more generally – lacked both a meaningful past and a meaningful future. This article investigates how the East German regime articulated its historicity as a direct expression of its state identity. In particular, it examines how it sought to rationalise newly emerging historical and cultural practices in the GDR within the framework of a modern and progressive socialist historicity, and how it deployed these as an argument against the ‘nostalgic’ practices of the Federal Republic.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"223 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440119000100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report from the STRAND Working Group on the 2019 STR sequence nomenclature meeting.","authors":"Katherine Butler Gettings, David Ballard, Martin Bodner, Lisa A Borsuk, Jonathan L King, Walther Parson, Christopher Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report summarizes topics discussed at the STR sequence nomenclature meeting hosted by the STRAND Working Group in April 2019. Invited attendees for this meeting included researchers known-to-us to be developing STR sequence-based nomenclature schemata, scientific representatives from vendors developing STR sequence bioinformatic methods, DNA intelligence database curators, and academic experts in STR genomics. The goal of this meeting was to provide a forum for individuals developing nomenclature schemata to present and discuss their ideas, encouraging mutual awareness, identification of differences in approaches, opposing aspects, and opportunities for parallelization while some approaches are still under development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"102165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90972201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARY WILLIAMSON'S LETTER, OR, SEEING WOMEN AND SISTERS IN THE ARCHIVES OF ATLANTIC SLAVERY","authors":"D. Paton","doi":"10.1017/s0080440119000070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080440119000070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘I was a few years back a slave on your property of Houton Tower, and as a Brown woman was fancied by a Mr Tumming unto who Mr Thomas James sold me.’ Thus begins Mary Williamson's letter, which for decades sat unexamined in an attic in Scotland until a history student became interested in her family's papers, and showed it to Diana Paton. In this article, Paton uses the letter to reflect on the history and historiography of ‘Brown’ women like Mary Williamson in Jamaica and other Atlantic slave societies. Mary Williamson's letter offers a rare perspective on the sexual encounters between white men and brown women that were pervasive in Atlantic slave societies. Yet its primary focus is on the greater importance of ties of place and family – particularly of relations between sisters – in a context in which the ‘severity’ of slavery was increasing. Mary Williamson's letter is a single and thus-far not formally archived trace in a broader archive of Atlantic slavery dominated by material left by slaveholders and government officials. Paton asks what the possibilities and limits of such a document may be for generating knowledge about the lives and experiences of those who were born into slavery.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"153 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0080440119000070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incoherence of Empire. Or, the Pitfalls of Ignoring Sovereignty in the History of the British Empire","authors":"Jon Wilson, A. Dilley","doi":"10.1017/s0080440123000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0080440123000063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article argues for an essentially political definition of empire with sovereignty at its core, which recognises that British assertions of sovereignty were multiple, mutually contradictory and thus, taken together, incoherent. Tracing the history of conflict between different archetypes of sovereign authority, we argue that imperial crises occurred when empire's different ideas were forced to speak to one another, during world war, for example. The emphasis here on sovereignty and incoherence contrasts with conceptions of the history of the British empire which assert to the contrary that empire was a coherent entity. Such coherence can, we argue, only be maintained by treating empire as a metaphor for broader conceptions of power and thus collapsing the history of empire into other totalising meta-concepts such as global capitalism or Western cultural dominance. Recognition of the incoherence of imperial sovereignty offers new, more nuanced, readings of central concerns in the literature such as imperial violence and the economics of empire.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49352090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW NATURAL IS NATURAL? HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WILDLIFE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN BRITAIN","authors":"T. Williamson","doi":"10.1017/S0080440119000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440119000136","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores some of the ways in which historians can, and should, engage with current debates about the environment. What we often think of as ‘natural’ habitats in Britain – heaths, ancient woodland, meadows and the like – are largely anthropogenic in character, and much of our most familiar wildlife, from rabbits to poppies, are alien introductions. The environments we cherish are neither natural nor timeless, but are enmeshed in human histories: even the kinds of tree most commonly found in the countryside are the consequence of human choice. The ways in which the environment was shaped by past management systems – to produce fuel, as much as food – are briefly explored; and the rise of ‘rewilding’ as a fashionable approach to nature conservation is examined, including its practical and philosophical limitations and its potential impacts on the conservation of cultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"293 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440119000136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CASTLES AND THE MILITARISATION OF URBAN SOCIETY IN IMPERIAL JAPAN","authors":"Oleg Benesch","doi":"10.1017/S0080440118000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440118000063","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Castles are some of Japan's most iconic structures and popular tourist destinations. They are prominent symbols of local, regional and national identity recognised both at home and abroad. Castles occupy large areas of land at the centre of most Japanese cities, shaping the urban space. Many castles have their roots in the period of civil war that ended in the early seventeenth century, and now house museums, parks and reconstructions of historic buildings. The current heritage status of Japan's castles obscures their troubled modern history. During the imperial period (1868–1945), the vast majority of pre-modern castles were abandoned, dismantled or destroyed before being rediscovered and reinvented as physical links to an idealised martial past. Japan's most important castles were converted to host military garrisons that dominated city centres and caused conflict with civilian groups. Various interests competed for control and access, and castles became sites of convergence between civilian and military agendas in the 1920s and 1930s. This paper argues that castles contributed both symbolically and physically to the militarisation of Japanese society in the imperial period. The study of these unique urban spaces provides new approaches to understanding militarism, continuity and change in modern Japan.","PeriodicalId":23231,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Royal Historical Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"107 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080440118000063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46463838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}