Xie Zhou, Fangjie Li, Min Liu, Dongye Yang, Qin Shen, Jun Zheng, Changhong Xiong, Yan Zhang
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Tribological Properties of SiCp/Al–Mg–Mn–Cu Aluminum Matrix Composites","authors":"Xie Zhou, Fangjie Li, Min Liu, Dongye Yang, Qin Shen, Jun Zheng, Changhong Xiong, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03366-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tribological behaviors of SiCp/Al–Mg–Mn–Cu aluminum matrix composites under solid solution (labeled as SS sample) and aging treatment (labeled as SA sample) were systematically investigated. The microstructures, tribological properties and wear mechanisms of worn surfaces were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wear testing machine, respectively. The microscopy study showed the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the SiCp/Al–Mg–Mn–Cu composites. And a large number of fine CuMgAl<sub>2</sub> phases were observed in the untreated sample but dissolved in the SS sample to some extent. It can be confirmed that the size and number of some new precipitates and CuMgAl<sub>2</sub> phases were in the suitable state for the SA sample resulting from its excellent integrated mechanical properties. A good combination of strength and plasticity in SA sample was corresponding well with its much lower coefficient of friction (COF) and well abrasion resistance, with a COF of 0.25. The wear mechanisms of the untreated and SS samples have found to be the combination of abrasive and adhesive indicated by the presence of some wear debris and delaminated flakes, whereas the wear mechanism is changed to adhesive dominantly with slight delamination in case of SA sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Release Analysis by Combining Different Reagents and Choosing Best Reagent in Batch Type Froth Flotation Process for Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) Karma Coal","authors":"Subha Ranjan Paul, Ashish Kumar Dash, Satyajeet Parida, Sanjay Bhargav","doi":"10.1007/s12666-023-03140-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-03140-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Froth flotation is a widely used technique for the beneficiation of fine coals, specifically those whose size less than 0.5 mm. In this study, the flotation performance of Karma coal samples from Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) was analysed using the release analysis technique. The experimental samples had a size range of − 0.15 to + 0.074 mm. Various operational parameters such as collector dosage (kg/tonne), frother dosage (kg/tonne), and pulp density (%) were modified to assess their impact on flotation performance. Release curves were plotted to determine the cumulative product percentage and the product ash percentage for different operating parameters. The highest yield achieved was 92.33% with a combination of diesel oil and pine oil at dosages of 0.75 kg/tonne and 0.5 kg/tonne, respectively. This yield had an ash level of 30.65% at a pulp density of 15%. Conversely, the lowest yield of 53.26% was obtained using a single MIBC frother at a dosage of 0.15 kg/tonne.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Leaching Conditions and Leaching Kinetics of Oxidized Copper Ore Malachite at Atmospheric Pressure Using Tartaric Acid Solution","authors":"Feride N. Türk, Hasan Arslanoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03358-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03358-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the dissolution conditions and dissolution kinetics of copper from malachite in the presence of organic acid (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) as an organic leaching reagent were examined. The effects of particle size, acid concentration, time, solid/liquid ratio, temperature, and mixing speed on the dissolution process of copper were investigated. According to the test results, optimum dissolution conditions are as follows: particle size was 74 µm; organic acid concentration was 0.2 mol/L; duration was 60 min; solid/liquid ratio was 1/10; the temperature was determined as 25 °C and the stirring speed was 300 rpm; and the copper extraction value was obtained as 73.18% under optimum experimental conditions. Kinetic models were applied to the dissolution efficiencies obtained to determine the dissolution kinetics of copper in the presence of organic acid, and it was found that the dissolution process was controlled by the film diffusion model. In light of the data obtained, it can be said that organic acid, which is an economical and environmentally friendly leaching reagent, can be used in the dissolution of copper from malachite <span>((text{Cu}(text{OH}{)}_{2}{text{CuCO}}_{3}))</span>, as well as in the leaching of other precious metals such as copper, zinc, and cobalt from oxide and carbonate ores.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Double Rotating Shoulder Friction Stir Welding","authors":"Jianhui Wu, Tao Sun, Zhenkui Liang, Yongqi Yang, Xiaomei Feng, Yifu Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03356-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03356-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, a new Double Rotating Shoulder (DRS) tool is designed to create a preheating effect and promote material flow in the shoulder-affected area during friction stir welding (FSW). A comparative study of the temperature field, strain field and material flow of AA 6061 aluminium alloy during FSW using a DRS tool and a conventional tool was carried out using numerical simulation. The model was verified according to the actual temperature field in both cases. Further, the macroscopic morphology and mechanical properties of both joints were investigated. The results showed that the simulated temperature field during FSW using a DRS tool has a good correlation with the actual temperature field. The DRS tool does lead to different macroscopic profiles but has almost no impact on mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Artificial Neural Network Method for Magnetic Hysteresis Loop Prediction of Polyvinyl Alcohol@CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites","authors":"Sharareh Mirzaee, Kamran Sabahi","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03349-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03349-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the magnetic hysteresis loop of the polyvinyl alcohol@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite has been predicted and simulated using a deep artificial neural network (ANN) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods. To increase the capability of the traditional neural networks in modeling and forecasting problems, the proposed deep ANN has two hidden layers that benefit from deep learning techniques to overcome well-known issues such as overfitting and gradient vanishing. The deep ANN predicted results were compared with the simulated and experimental hysteresis loops of the synthesized polyvinyl alcohol@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites obtained from the vibrating sample magnetometer and MC method. The interaction between polymer and nanoparticles, their structure, and morphology were analyzed employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Comparison between the hysteresis loops revealed that the deep ANN method that has been trained with the previous published data was successful in the prediction of the shape and coercive field of particles in a polymer matrix relative to the MC method, which considered only the uniaxial anisotropy and Zeeman energy of the nanoparticles. The coercivity and remanence magnetization measured with the accuracy of about 93.33% and 62.23% for deep ANN method and 80.76% and 66.66% for MC method, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Welding Parameters on Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Fiber Laser Oscillation Welded Dissimilar TWIP/304L Steel Joints","authors":"Fatih Özen","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03353-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03353-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dissimilar TWIP/304L joint was produced using oscillation fiber laser welding with welding speeds of 80 mm/s and 120 mm/s, as well as different power levels. Tensile tests, hardness measurements, and SEM/EDS/EBSD analyses were conducted to reveal the characterization of dissimilar TWIP/304L steel joint. Oscillation of the laser beam resulted in layered marks in the fusion zone. These layered marks contain primary austenitic dendrites and inertinitic secondary austenite. Both steels exhibited narrow heat-affected zones. An interlayer of an unmixed zone was formed between the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone of 304L due to differences in their liquidus points. Some intergranular gaps were observed in the heat-affected zone of the TWIP steel. The maximum tensile strength, 561.3 MPa, was achieved at a laser power of 3600 W and a welding speed of 80 mm/s. All specimens failed from the fusion zone of the dissimilar joint due to high hardness difference and underfill induced notch effect. The hardness difference reached 51.4 Hv10 due to the heterogeneous composition of the fusion zone. This variation in the microstructure resulted in both ductile and brittle fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of TiC- and Ni-Reinforced AA6061 Matrix Composite Fabricated Through Stir Casting","authors":"Chandan Prasad, A. Gali","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03345-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03345-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aluminum matrix composites incorporating titanium carbide (TiC) and nickel (Ni) were fabricated through the ultrasonic-assisted stir-casting technique. Micrographs revealed the uniform dispersion of TiC particles within the matrix, while Ni reacted with aluminum, forming the intermetallic compound Al<sub>3</sub>Ni, dispersed along the grain boundaries. The incorporation of TiC and Ni resulted in a considerable decrease in grain size from ~ 130 to ~ 49 µm. Notably, the incorporation of 3 wt% TiC and 6 wt% Ni (sample S(3,6)) exhibited a substantial increase in yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and hardness by 51.11%, 32.57%, and 46.96%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced sample S(0,0). The observed improvements in these properties can be ascribed to a mix of factors, including grain refinement, Al<sub>3</sub>Ni precipitate hardening, and dispersion hardening facilitated by the TiC particles. The increase in reinforcement weight percentage results in a decrease in the wear rate of reinforced composites, while wear rates for these composites exhibit a linear increase with a change in load from 10 to 20 N.</p>","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction Between Hot-Dip Aluminized Coating on Fe–Cr–B Cast Steel and Molten ZnCl2 Salt","authors":"Xianman Zhang, Qi Hu, Zhenhai Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03342-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03342-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reaction between MoAlB MAB phase and molten ZnCl<sub>2</sub> salt resulted in the formation of metastable Mo<sub>2</sub>AlB<sub>2</sub> MAB phase. In our previous work, it was first discovered by us that the periodic layered structure (PLS) was formed at the solid (Cr, Fe)<sub>2</sub>B/molten Al interface during hot-dip aluminizing and subsequent thermal diffusion treatment of Fe–Cr–B cast steel. The interaction between PLS form in situ, especially the Cr–Al–B MAB phase contained in the PLS, and molten ZnCl<sub>2</sub> salt was studied for the first time in this work. There were complex reactions between the PLS and molten ZnCl<sub>2</sub>. Specially, the Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the molten ZnCl<sub>2</sub> salt could partially occupy the positions of Al atoms in the Cr–Al–B MAB phase contained in the PLS through the A-site replacement reaction. The topochemical reaction was: Cr<sub>3</sub>AlB<sub>4</sub>(s) + ZnCl<sub>2</sub>(l) → Cr<sub>3</sub>(Al, Zn)B<sub>4</sub>(s) + Zn(l) + AlCl<sub>3</sub>(g).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Calcium and Barium on Non-metallic Inclusions Modification and Improvement in Steel Cleanliness","authors":"Somnath Kumar, Ratnesh Gupta, Bimal Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03351-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03351-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Liu, Ning Song, Xiaowei Fan, Binghu Lu, Dashuang Li, Lijuan Wang, Zhen Sun, Yunzhi Tang
{"title":"Preparation of Ultra-thin Copper Foil with Low Profile and High Tensile Strength on Surface of 18-µm Carrier Copper Foil","authors":"Yao Liu, Ning Song, Xiaowei Fan, Binghu Lu, Dashuang Li, Lijuan Wang, Zhen Sun, Yunzhi Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12666-024-03337-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-024-03337-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23224,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}