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On the Whirl Dynamics of Hydrodynamic Bearing Spindle in Information Storage Systems 信息存储系统中流体动力轴承主轴的旋转动力学研究
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1069
Y. Zang, M. Hatch
{"title":"On the Whirl Dynamics of Hydrodynamic Bearing Spindle in Information Storage Systems","authors":"Y. Zang, M. Hatch","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrodynamic bearing (HDB) spindles currently being developed for information storage systems such as hard disk drives (HDDs) typically consist of two journal bearings with herringbone grooves. In this work, translational and conical motions of lightly loaded herringbone groove journal bearings are analyzed. For translational motion, the full eigenvalue solution for a typical HDB in a small form factor HDD may be simplified using scaling analysis. Perturbation equations for the stiffness and damping coefficients are derived from the Reynolds equation and solved for the lightly loaded herringbone groove bearing. The resulting analysis shows that the translational motion consists of a forward whirl mode and a backward whirl mode. The whirl frequencies of the two modes have the same magnitude but opposite sign. In addition, a simplified analysis shows that for a no-load herringbone groove journal bearing the in-line stiffness is not trivial while the cross coupling damping vanishes. On the other hand, for the conical mode eigenvalues, the same scaling analysis only applies when the bearing span is large. For typical HDB in HDDs, the conical whirl frequencies depend strongly on bearing and rotor geometries. Numerical calculations were carried out to demonstrate the validity and limitation of the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123263020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Inserting Arm Blockage on Heat Transfer in a Corotating Disk Assembly 插入臂堵塞对旋转盘组件传热的影响
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1083
M. Chyu, Y. Hsing
{"title":"Effects of Inserting Arm Blockage on Heat Transfer in a Corotating Disk Assembly","authors":"M. Chyu, Y. Hsing","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To advance disk drive design for increased performance and reliability, a thorough understanding of flow and thermal transport in the disk file is essential. The primary objective of this study is to examine the effects of slider arm blockage on the convective characteristics in a 3.5-inch corotating disk stack. Using an analogous mass transfer system based on naphthalene sublimation, the detailed distribution of local mass transfer coefficient over the disk surface is determined by an automated micropositioning system. By analogy, the mass transfer coefficient can be transformed to the corresponding heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient. All the transport coefficients reveal strong variation with the arm blockage in the radial direction. However, overall average transfer coefficient obtained by integrating their corresponding local values are rather insensitive to the extent of arm protrusion.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125094185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control System Design for High-Speed Low-Tension Tape Transport 高速低压胶带输送控制系统设计
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1072
P. Mathur, W. Messner
{"title":"Control System Design for High-Speed Low-Tension Tape Transport","authors":"P. Mathur, W. Messner","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes the entire process of control system design for a prototype high-speed, low-tension tape transport system. The speed and tension of the tape are regulated by controlling the relative displacement of the supply and take-up reels. The system is slowly time varying from changing reel packs, and is difficult to model because the spring constant of the tape depends on the operating speed and tension due to air entrainment in the take-up reel. In this paper, an iterative multi-input multi-output controller design approach is presented where a low performance controller is first designed to enable system identification around the desired operating speed and tension of the transport. The frequency response data is then used to design a fast settling controller. An adaptive ripple cancellation scheme for better tension regulation is demonstrated. Failure detection mechanisms and recovery algorithms that reduce the probability of tape damage are described.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127595441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flow Past Large Obstructions Between Corotating Disks in Fixed Cylindrical Enclosures 在固定的圆柱形外壳中旋转圆盘之间流过大的障碍物
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/1.2819272
Hiroshi Suzuki, J. Humphrey
{"title":"Flow Past Large Obstructions Between Corotating Disks in Fixed Cylindrical Enclosures","authors":"Hiroshi Suzuki, J. Humphrey","doi":"10.1115/1.2819272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2819272","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Numerical calculations have been performed for isothermal, laminar, three-dimensional flow past one or two fixed obstructions radially aligned and symmetrically located between a pair of disks corotating in a fixed cylindrical enclosure. The single-obstruction cases respectively model the influence on the flow of (a) a magnetic head arm support and (b) an air lock. The dual-obstruction cases model the simultaneous presence of these two objects. The air lock produces an interdisk cross-stream plane blockage of 62% while the two head arm supports produce blockages of 31% and 62%, respectively. For the cases with the air lock and arm support simultaneously present, the circumferential angle between them is fixed to 40° or 80°. Velocity, pressure, shear stress and the disk torque coefficient are predicted mostly for a Reynolds number (Re = Ω R22/v) corresponding to 10,000, approximately, where R2, Ω, and v are the disk radius, the disk angular velocity in rad/s, and the kinematic viscosity of air at 300 K, respectively. The calculations show that a large blockage significantly alters the interdisk flow characteristics by markedly raising the pressure ahead of an obstruction and accelerating the flow through the empty space around it. This induces a detached reversed flow region ahead of the obstruction quite distinct from that in its wake. The disk surface pressure distributions point to a potential source of dynamical instability in rotating disk flows with obstructions. The variations of the disk torque coefficient with Re and geometry generally agree with the theoretical expression of Humphrey et al. (1992). It is shown that the bulk of the drag on an obstruction is form drag as opposed to friction drag.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"2169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130069885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Flat Heads for High-Speed, Contact Tape Recording: Experimental Evaluation and Theoretical Analysis 用于高速、接触式磁带记录的平头:实验评价和理论分析
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1066
Sinan Müftü, H. Hinteregger
{"title":"Flat Heads for High-Speed, Contact Tape Recording: Experimental Evaluation and Theoretical Analysis","authors":"Sinan Müftü, H. Hinteregger","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We report on an investigation of the mechanics and tribology of a flat head for high-speed, contact tape recording. We found that a self-acting negative air-bearing (suction) created near the leading wrapped corner is responsible for stable low-pressure contact over a wide range of speed, wrap angle, tension and tape thickness. This suction is caused by the expansion of air into the diverging gap on the upstream side of the head-tape interface which is unique to this wrap geometry. Experiments performed on a “row-bar” of thin film disk heads where the tape is wrapped only on the edge opposite to the heads showed the gap spacing to be stable in the 0.5–8m/s speed range with less than 4nm of wear on the read elements. A bi-directional version of a flat head geometry is analyzed via a model and suggestions are made for that design.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132091725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Characterization of Air Entrainment During High Speed Web Winding 高速卷筒网卷绕过程中夹带气流的实验表征
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1065
M. Keshavan, J. Wickert
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Air Entrainment During High Speed Web Winding","authors":"M. Keshavan, J. Wickert","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a web is wound at speed onto a spool or roll, a thin layer of air becomes entrapped between the incoming web stream and the roll. The spiral-shaped air bearing which results separates adjacent web layers and can extend many wraps into the roll. The air entrained during the winding process increases the propensity for interlayer slippage, stack shifting, damage to the edges of the web, and non-uniform internal stresses. A new technique is discussed for measuring the film thickness of the entrained air layers during the winding process, and parameter studies quantify the effects of such winding variables as tension, transport speed, and surface roughness. With a view towards evaluating different web transport designs and operating conditions, three measures of air entrainment are discussed: (i) the cumulative thickness of all air layers, (ii) the thickness of the outermost air layer at the nip, and (iii) the rate at which air bleeds from the wound roll once it is brought to rest.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125876370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite Element Analysis of the Advanced Photo System Bubble Spring Head/Film Interface 先进照相系统气泡弹簧头/薄膜界面的有限元分析
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1063
Donald J. Haugh, A. Brewen
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of the Advanced Photo System Bubble Spring Head/Film Interface","authors":"Donald J. Haugh, A. Brewen","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the finite element model used to predict the spacing and contact pressure in an Advanced Photo System head/film interface. The particular interface analyzed was developed for use in photofinishing applications and is commonly referred to as a bubble spring interface, named after the flexure-like thin metal strip used to push the film against the magnetic head. The model results are validated by comparing predictions to measurements of the spring load-deflection profile and interferometrically measured head-to-film spacing contours. In addition, the model’s capability is demonstrated by using it to assess performance sensitivity to variations in spring load, head/film penetration, and film curl.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Modeling of Hard Disk Drives 硬盘驱动器的热建模
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/imece1996-1081
Neal B. Schirle, David J. Lew
{"title":"Thermal Modeling of Hard Disk Drives","authors":"Neal B. Schirle, David J. Lew","doi":"10.1115/imece1996-1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A methodology for thermal modeling of hard disk drives (HDD) using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program that solves the conjugate (conduction and convection) heat transfer problem is presented. The methodology addresses assumptions, model construction, and boundary conditions, as well as measurement methods for determining key model inputs such as HDD component power. Computed results are compared to measurements at a range of heat input conditions, volumetric flow rates, and HDD sizes. It is shown that the model does well in predicting temperature trends. It is also shown that for first order approximations, to predict average base casting temperatures, the total HDD power with an average convective heat transfer coefficient can be used. Also noted is the importance of considering the heat path through the air gap between the brushless d.c. motor stator and rotor.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132762664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency Domain Characterization of Take-Up Reel Air-Entrainment in Low-Tension and High-Speed Tape Transport 低张力高速输送卷筒卷气的频域特性研究
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.1115/1.2834586
P. Mathur, W. Messner
{"title":"Frequency Domain Characterization of Take-Up Reel Air-Entrainment in Low-Tension and High-Speed Tape Transport","authors":"P. Mathur, W. Messner","doi":"10.1115/1.2834586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2834586","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Air entrainment in tape spooling is important in determining tape stacking quality and in modeling the transport system for control purposes. Accurate estimates are difficult to obtain by direct measurement. In this paper, the length of the entrained air film is estimated by determining the spring constant of the unsupported tape span. Using multi-input single-output (MISO) frequency based system identification, the resonant frequency of the system associated with the longitudinal mode of the tape is derived. This data is compared to predictions from the well known nip equation. The utility of these equations is discussed.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Study on Vibrational Damping of Microcantilevers 微悬臂梁的振动阻尼研究
7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems Pub Date : 1996-11-17 DOI: 10.2493/JJSPE.62.742
S. Kuroda, H. Hosaka, S. Shimazu, K. Itao
{"title":"Study on Vibrational Damping of Microcantilevers","authors":"S. Kuroda, H. Hosaka, S. Shimazu, K. Itao","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.62.742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.62.742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The damping characteristics of microcantilevers were clarified analytically and experimentally as a step towards developing next-generation information systems that use micromechanical devices. First, an approximate formula of airflow damping is derived using the Navier-Stokes equation and the total damping is obtained by combining this with internal friction and support loss. Precise measurement apparatus was then developed to verify the theory. The damping ratio of cantilevers ranging from 0.1 mm to 100 mm in length was measured and the effects of beam size, vibrational mode number, and vibrational amplitude on damping ratio were studied. Finally the relationship between vibrational damping and mechanical design parameters were summarized so that the results can be utilized in the actual design.","PeriodicalId":231650,"journal":{"name":"7th International Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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