Theriogenology最新文献

{"title":"Associations of transition cow metabolism with subsequent manifestation and intensity of estrous behavior in cyclic cows","authors":"Augusto M.L. Madureira ,&nbsp;Chantel Van Dorp ,&nbsp;Guilherme Madureira ,&nbsp;Bruna Mion ,&nbsp;Olivia Chiu ,&nbsp;Tracy A. Burnett ,&nbsp;José Felipe W. Spricigo ,&nbsp;Eduardo S. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This retrospective cohort study investigated the associations between transition cow metabolism and estrous behavior in 226 cyclic Holstein cows. Body weight, feed intake, and milk yield were monitored to calculate energy balance. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −10, −7, −3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 65 relative to calving. Following the second PGF_2α injection of a Presynch program, cows were monitored for estrous behavior over an 11-day period using activity sensors. Estrus duration, peak activity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated from raw activity data. Cows not detected in estrus were grouped as no increase in activity (NIA; n = 90). Those detected in estrus were classified based on AUC as below (moderate increase in activity or MIA; n = 68) or above (large increase in activity or LIA; n = 68) the median. By design, AUC was 147 % greater, peak was 67 % higher, and duration was 74 % longer in LIA compared with MIA cows.</div><div>Compared with NIA, cows that expressed estrus had higher body condition and lower serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 0.43 vs. 0.49 ± 0.02 mmol/L), ceruloplasmin (49.9 vs. 52.9 ± 1.0 mg/L), superoxide dismutase (2.06 vs. 2.28 ± 0.06 U/mL), and peak haptoglobin. Among cows that expressed estrus, metabolic differences during the transition were limited to higher NEFA in LIA than in MIA cows (0.46 vs. 0.40 ± 0.02 mmol/L). These findings indicate that transition metabolism may influence the subsequent manifestation of estrous behavior in cyclic cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin in mare blood and milk as indicators of subclinical mastitis","authors":"Dominika Domańska ,&nbsp;Olga Witkowska- Piłaszewicz ,&nbsp;Michał Trela ,&nbsp;Karol Pawłowski ,&nbsp;Bartosz Pawliński ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Domino","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastitis is an emerging health concern in lactating mares, particularly given the growing commercial interest in mare's milk. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of acute phase proteins (APPs), specifically serum amyloid A (SAA), milk amyloid A (MAA), and haptoglobin (Hp), measured in blood and milk as indicators of clinical and subclinical mastitis. Twenty-four Thoroughbred mares were prospectively monitored during lactation and weaning. Plasma and milk samples were collected and analyzed using commercial ELISA kits.</div><div>Plasma SAA concentrations were significantly higher in mares with clinical mastitis compared to healthy (p &lt; 0.001) and subclinically affected mares (p &lt; 0.01), particularly on day 1 postpartum. In contrast, plasma SAA concentrations remained low 181–183 days after foaling, even in mares with subclinical mastitis. Milk MAA and Hp concentrations were significantly elevated in mares with clinical (p &lt; 0.001) and subclinical mastitis (p &lt; 0.05) compared to healthy mares. MAA concentrations were higher in subclinical mastitis detected during weaning (SM II group) than postpartum (SM I group) (p &lt; 0.05).</div><div>A moderate positive correlation between MAA and plasma Hp concentrations was observed in clinical mastitis cases (r = 0.57, p &lt; 0.01), suggesting concurrent systemic and local responses, while weak correlations were found in subclinical and healthy mares.</div><div>These findings suggest that plasma SAA is a useful marker of systemic inflammation in clinical mastitis, whereas MAA and milk Hp are more sensitive markers of local mammary gland inflammation, particularly in subclinical cases. Further research with larger populations is warranted to define diagnostic thresholds and explore APP dynamics throughout lactation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 117591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen media preserves blastocyst development and quality in cattle embryos produced in vitro: a six-month evaluation","authors":"Allison A. Walsh,&nbsp;Michael Morozyuk,&nbsp;Gustavo P. Schettini,&nbsp;Vitor R.G. Mercadante,&nbsp;Alan D. Ealy,&nbsp;Fernando H. Biase","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Media preparation represents a critical source of variability in cattle in vitro embryo production (IVP), with batch-to-batch inconsistencies potentially affecting experimental outcomes. This study evaluated whether cryopreservation of IVP media could maintain embryonic developmental competence while reducing preparation-related variability. We compared the efficacy of frozen (−80 °C) versus freshly prepared synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF)-based media for producing cattle blastocysts over storage periods of one, three, and six months. Approximately 400 cumulus-oocyte complexes were allocated to each of the two replicates carried out for each month tested. We tested five groups: frozen medium containing 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), frozen fertilization medium, frozen culture medium, all frozen media, or fresh media control. Development parameters included cleavage rates at 48 h post-fertilization, blastocyst formation at 168 and 192 h, and hatching rates at 192 h. Cell counts were assessed via immunocytochemistry for trophectoderm (CDX2+) and epiblast (SOX2+) lineages. Although frozen media exhibited increased pH values compared to fresh preparations, no statistically significant differences were observed in cleavage rates, blastocyst development, or hatching rates between frozen and fresh media groups. Trophectoderm and epiblast cell numbers remained comparable across all treatment groups, indicating preserved cell differentiation and allocation. These findings demonstrate that cryopreservation of IVP media maintains embryonic developmental competence equivalent to freshly prepared media. Implementation of frozen media protocols offers substantial practical advantages, including reduced batch variability, enhanced experimental consistency, and improved laboratory efficiency due to the preparation of larger quality-controlled media volumes for extended use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor during in vitro oocyte maturation improves cattle in vitro embryo production","authors":"Annie L. Whitty ,&nbsp;Staci K. Jennings ,&nbsp;Hannah E. Lyons ,&nbsp;Jeremy G. Thompson ,&nbsp;Nicole O. Mcpherson ,&nbsp;Karen L. Kind ,&nbsp;Kylie R. Dunning ,&nbsp;Mark B. Nottle","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In vitro</em> embryo production (IVP) is a reproductive technology used in the cattle industry to increase the rate of genetic gain. The present study determined if addition of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rbGM-CSF) during <em>in vitro</em> oocyte maturation (IVM) could improve <em>in vitro</em> embryo production in cattle. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from abattoir derived ovaries and matured in the absence or presence (10 ng/ml) of rbGM-CSF. Following IVM, COCs were fertilized and cultured <em>in vitro</em>, and embryo development assessed. The effects of rbGM-CSF on mitochondrial activity, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species levels, and metabolic gene expression in COCs were examined. Compared with the control, addition of rbGM-CSF during IVM increased blastocyst development rate (+12 %; p &lt; 0.01 and hatching blastocyst rate (+24 %; p &lt; 0.05). Inclusion of rbGM-CSF also increased the number of cells within the inner cell mass (+27 %; p &lt; 0.05), and the ratio of inner cell mass to trophectoderm cells (+14 %; p &lt; 0.05) in resultant blastocyst-stage embryos. The total blastocyst cell number also tended to be higher in the rbGM-CSF group (+7 %; p &lt; 0.1). Addition of rbGM-CSF increased mitochondrial activity in oocytes (+10 %; p &lt; 0.05), and glucose uptake in both cumulus cells (+316 %; p &lt; 0.05) and oocytes (+190 %; p &lt; 0.05). There was no effect of rbGM-CSF on COC gene expression of metabolic related genes. In conclusion, we have shown that the addition of rbGM-CSF during IVM improves bovine IVP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient bovine sex selection via Toll-like receptors 7/8 agonist 24e through the GSK3α/β-hexokinase pathway","authors":"Dezheng Wang,&nbsp;Anqi Di,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jiahao Chen,&nbsp;Shan Luo,&nbsp;Dongchao Pei,&nbsp;Yuanqing Liu,&nbsp;Lishuang Song,&nbsp;Xuefei Liu,&nbsp;Chunling Bai,&nbsp;Guanghua Su,&nbsp;Guangpeng Li,&nbsp;Lei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex selection is pivotal in animal husbandry and reproductive biotechnology, critical for preferential production of male beef cattle and female dairy herds. Current bovine sex selection via flow cytometry is limited by high costs, low efficiency, and sperm motility damage. This study revealed X sperm-specific Toll-like receptors 7/8 (TLR7/8) expression. Pharmacological activation by 24e induced GSK3α/β and NF-κB phosphorylation in X sperm, causing reduced motility, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP depletion. Optimized conditions (0.27 μM 24e, 60 min in HTF medium, 6 × 10⁷ sperm/mL) achieved effective separation: upper layer contained 84.07 % ± 0.95 % Y sperm, lower layer contained 82.80 % ± 1.31 % X sperm, without compromising sperm viability or function. IVF trials demonstrated precise sex ratio control, yielding 77.0 % ± 2.08 % male embryos from Y sperm and 85.32 % ± 1.45 % female embryos from X sperm. Mechanistically, 24e suppressed X sperm motility via the GSK3α/β-NF-κB/hexokinase axis. These findings suggest that 24e can effectively achieve sperm sex sorting by inhibiting the motility of X sperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 117590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum CA15-3, CEA, Ki-67, PDL-1 and VEGF as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary tumors","authors":"H.E. Çolakoğlu ,&nbsp;Ç. Fidan ,&nbsp;M.E. Alçığır ,&nbsp;A. Esen Göbekçi ,&nbsp;E. Devrim ,&nbsp;T. Anteplioğlu ,&nbsp;M.O. Yazlık ,&nbsp;Ö. Özmen ,&nbsp;T. Reçber ,&nbsp;E. Nemutlu ,&nbsp;U. Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine mammary tumors are the most common tumor type among all cancer types. The study aims to evaluate the presence of tumor and early metastasis by comparing CEA, CA15-3, Ki-67, VEGF, and PD-L1 profiles in canine mammary tumors with and without metastasis and in healthy dogs, and to understand the effectiveness of the parameters in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.</div><div>Female dogs with mammary tumors were divided into two groups as metastatic (n = 20) and non-metastatic (n = 20) according to anamnesis, physical examination, blood analysis, imaging methods, and histopathology. Dogs without active complaints and applied to the clinic with a request for routine neutering constituted the healthy group (n = 20). Serum samples were taken from dogs in all groups, and serum CA15-3, CEA, VEGF, Ki-67, and PD-L1 levels were measured with ELISA.</div><div>The levels of CEA and CA15-3 were significantly higher in the serum of dogs with mammary tumors (metastatic and non-metastatic) compared to healthy ones. Serum VEGF levels were found to be highest in dogs with metastatic mammary tumors. Dogs with non-metastatic mammary tumors were found to exhibit the highest serum levels of Ki-67. There were no significant differences in PD-L1 among groups. A strong positive correlation was detected between all serum parameters. CEA, CA15-3, VEGF, and Ki-67 could be a useful diagnostic tool for canine mammary tumors with the AUC values of 0.770, 0.693, 0.696, and 0.902, respectively. In addition, Ki-67 was the best predictor of metastasis in dogs with mammary tumors, with an AUC value of 0.902.</div><div>In conclusion, serum CEA, CA15-3, VEGF, and Ki-67 parameters can be applied to increase the efficiency of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in canine mammary tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional insights into spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell plasticity in adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Angel Andrés Arias Vigoya ,&nbsp;Marcos Antonio Oliveira ,&nbsp;Arno Juliano Butzge ,&nbsp;Lucas B. Doretto ,&nbsp;Amanda de Oliveira Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Adriana Carvalho Natal de Moraes ,&nbsp;Juliana M.B. Ricci ,&nbsp;Maira da Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ivana Felipe Rosa ,&nbsp;Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva ,&nbsp;Rafael Henrique Nóbrega","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spermatogenesis in teleost fishes is organized into highly specialized cystic units, wherein Sertoli cells encapsulate and support cohorts of synchronously developing germ cells—a structural and functional arrangement that contrasts markedly with the non-cystic seminiferous epithelium of amniotes, in which Sertoli cells simultaneously interact with multiple germ cell stages. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological and stereological analysis of spermatogenesis in the common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>), a species of considerable economic relevance to aquaculture. Our investigation delineated the progression of germ cell development across the proliferative, meiotic, and spermiogenic phases, identifying nine distinct spermatogonial generations. The Sertoli cell support capacity, reflected in a germ-to-Sertoli cell ratio of approximately 94:1, underscores the efficiency of somatic investment in this cystic system. Using a 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse-chase approach, we estimated the combined duration of meiotic and spermiogenic processes to be around seven days. Additionally, long-term BrdU-retaining cells (LRCs) were detected within both type An undifferentiated spermatogonia and Sertoli cell populations, indicating the presence of slow-cycling cells with extended label retention. Spatial analyses further suggested that some spermatogonia may localize near the intertubular compartment, consistent with previously described niche-like regions. Importantly, we identified a subpopulation of Sertoli cell-like nuclei that were not associated with germ cell cysts—herein referred to as “non-cyst-associated” or “free” Sertoli cells. Although their precise role remains to be clarified, their morphological features and retention of BrdU labeling suggest that they may participate in structural remodeling or cyst reassembly during the spermatogenic cycle. These observations contribute to an emerging view of somatic cell plasticity in the teleost testis. Taken together, our findings reinforce the conserved principles of cystic spermatogenesis in teleosts and provide new insights into the dynamic interactions between germ cells and their somatic environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental impacts on industry-relevant offspring performance traits using blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840), cryopreserved sperm","authors":"Kyle R. Wood ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;V. MacKenzie Tackett ,&nbsp;Kaylan A. Martin ,&nbsp;Samitha S.N. Liyanage ,&nbsp;Benjamin H. Beck ,&nbsp;Jason W. Abernathy ,&nbsp;Rex A. Dunham ,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Ian A.E. Butts","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catfish accounts for ∼70 % of U.S. finfish aquaculture production with the channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>) female by blue catfish (<em>I. furcatus</em>) male hybrid constituting the majority of the harvest. Issues in hatcheries persist with blue catfish due to late sexual maturity, lethal sperm collection procedures, and variable sperm quality. Our objectives were to (i) relate male morphometrics, hormones, and sperm parameters to offspring traits (i.e., hatch, survival, weight, morphometrics), and (ii) examine parental contributions to offspring traits using cryopreserved sperm. Sperm were collected from 44 males and quality indices quantified post-cryopreservation. Collected sperm were used to fertilize 3 channel catfish females, creating 44 families. Fifty offspring were reared in triplicate tanks per family from 0 to 40 days post-hatching (DPH) and offspring traits quantified. Larger males produced larger offspring at 40 DPH (R² ≥ 0.32, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.03) with higher survival (R² ≥ 0.23, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), while males with a higher gonadosomatic index produced significantly smaller offspring expressing lower hatch and survival (R² ≥ 0.26). Sperm quality significantly correlated to offspring performance, where higher lipid peroxidation created offspring with lower survival (R² = 0.34). Sperm kinematics were positively correlated to hatch (R² ≥ 0.26) and significant maternal (VC = 23.2 %) and paternal(maternal) (VC = 32.1 %) variance components (VC) were detected for hatch. Maternity significantly impacted most morphometric traits (VC ≥ 20.8 %), while paternal effects increased (VC = 2.7–3.4 %) throughout early development. To conclude, paternal body measurements and sperm traits can be used to predict hatch and offspring performance. Hatcheries should account for maternal/paternal variation to select the best broodstock for reproduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexmedetomidine and alfaxalone intravenous co-administration for the induction of general anaesthesia in bitches undergoing C-section: impact on newborn viability and pharmacokinetics","authors":"Federica Di Cesare ,&nbsp;Federica Alessandra Brioschi ,&nbsp;Giuliano Ravasio ,&nbsp;Debora Groppetti ,&nbsp;Martina Amari ,&nbsp;Elisa Giussani ,&nbsp;Susanna Draghi ,&nbsp;Giulia Sala ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pecile ,&nbsp;Petra Cagnardi","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to evaluate the impact of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and alfaxalone (AFX) on the viability of pups and to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of both drugs following intravenous (IV) co-administration for general anaesthesia induction in bitches undergoing cesarean section (C-section).</div><div>Fourteen client-owned bitches, scheduled for elective or emergency C-section, received IV co-administration of AFX (1.2 mg/kg) and DEX (2 μg/kg) for anaesthesia induction. Newborns were assessed within 5 min after birth using the Apgar score (range 0–14). Quantification of drugs from maternal serum and placental tissue was performed with mass spectrometry analysis. Associations between Apgar scores and either placental/serum drug concentrations or clinical variables were evaluated using separate univariate regression models. The pharmacokinetic profiles of DEX and AFX were determined in bitches.</div><div>Of the 68 pups delivered, 88.2 % were vigorous at birth (Apgar score 10–14), and no stillbirths occurred. Placental concentrations of DEX (range 1.12–7.79 ng/g) and AFX (range 91.12–583.14 ng/g) were positively correlated and significantly influenced by the timing of pups’ delivery (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Higher AFX placental concentrations were associated with increased neonatal body temperature (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). For DEX, C_max was 0.37 ± 0.14 ng/mL, at a T_max of 16 ± 8 min; AFX showed a C_max of 187.84 ± 154.42 ng/mL at a T_max of 18 ± 10 min. The half-lives λ_z were 47.36 ± 30.61 min for DEX and 55.82 ± 33.06 min for AFX.</div><div>The IV co-administration of DEX and AFX appeared to be safe for anaesthesia induction in dogs undergoing C-sections, yielding favorable neonatal clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of R848, a TLR 7/8 agonist to separate X and Y spermatozoa in buffalo: effects on cleavage rates, blastocyst production, and the ratio of male to female embryos","authors":"Mamta Meel ,&nbsp;Mitesh Gaur ,&nbsp;Meeti Punetha ,&nbsp;Priya Dahiya ,&nbsp;Manu Mangal ,&nbsp;Renu Bala ,&nbsp;Priyanka Ghanghas ,&nbsp;Krishna Bansal ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Kumar ,&nbsp;R.K. Sharma ,&nbsp;T.K. Datta ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to separate X and Y buffalo sperm using R848, a TLR7/8 agonist. Semen from three Murrah buffalo bulls were collected and divided into aliquots for swim-up in modified human tubal fluid (mHTF) medium with varying concentrations of R848 (0, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 μM). After the treatments and swim-up, the uppermost and lowermost layers of semen were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analyser (CASA) and flow cytometry. TLR7/8 receptors were found present in approximately 50 % of sperm as determined by immunofluorescence assay. Sperm velocities (VCL, VAP, VSL) decreased with increasing R848 concentrations, whereas mitochondrial health (mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide production) remained unaffected. Based on sperm velocity, sperm treated with 0.3 μM R848 was selected for in vitro fertilization. The cleavage and blastocyst production rates were normal across the groups, ranging from 69 % to 76 % and 21 %–26 %, respectively, indicating the treatment does not affect cleavage and blastocyst production rates. In this study, the efficiency of separating X and Y sperm was determined using embryo sexing. The blastocysts produced from the uppermost and lowermost layers of semen through IVF resulted in 75 % male and 75 % female, respectively. Thus, the study develops a simple new method for efficiently separating X and Y sperm in buffalo, enabling the selective production of male or female progeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 117576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}