Theriogenology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the impact of follicular fluid exosomes on porcine cumulus cell and oocyte function: Regulatory network analysis based on the ENSSSCG00000042788/ssc-miR-504/PDHA1 axis","authors":"Junzheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Ji ,&nbsp;Yue Han ,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Shunfa Yao ,&nbsp;Qinglong Xu ,&nbsp;Kun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Yao ,&nbsp;Yang An ,&nbsp;Yi Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development and maturation of mammalian oocytes are crucial stages in reproduction, directly influencing embryo health and the genetic quality of offspring. Follicular fluid serves as the microenvironment for oocyte development, with exosomes playing a key role in regulating the activities of cumulus cells and oocytes. However, the mechanisms governing porcine oocyte maturation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis on cumulus cells cultured with varying exosome concentrations and identified 334 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs may be involved in cumulus cell expansion, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. Through experiments such as transfection of mimics and inhibitor, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB), we confirmed that lncRNA ENSSSCG00000042788 (lnc42788) regulates the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (<em>PDHA1</em>) by competitively binding to ssc-miR-504 (miR-504), forming a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. In summary, the lnc42788/miR-504/<em>PDHA1</em> axis plays a key role in regulating the proliferation, apoptosis of porcine cumulus cells, and oocyte maturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of trans-anethole supplementation during in vitro culture of follicles, oocytes and embryos: A meta-analysis approach","authors":"A.L. Conceição-Santos ,&nbsp;J.M.D.S. Velarde ,&nbsp;D.C. Joaquim ,&nbsp;J.R. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of <em>trans</em>-anethole supplementation on <em>in vitro</em> reproductive outcomes using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 128 records were retrieved from four major scientific databases. After screening and eligibility assessment, 6 studies were included in the final analysis. These studies reported outcomes from <em>in vitro</em> follicle culture, oocyte <em>in vitro</em> maturation, and embryo culture across multiple species and varying concentrations of <em>trans</em>-anethole. Relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and forest plots were used for visual synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's tool. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent and species-specific effect of <em>trans</em>-anethole. Moderate concentrations (30–300 μg/mL) improved oocyte maturation (MII), cleavage, and blastocyst rates—particularly in goats, where MII rates increased by up to 25.8 %. In cattle, outcomes were inconsistent, with some studies reporting benefits and others showing negative effects at high doses (≥2000 μg/mL). Cleavage and embryo development followed a similar dose-response pattern. Low concentrations generally improved cleavage and blastocyst rates, while higher concentrations reduced performance, especially in goats. Significant heterogeneity (<em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 73.7–100 %) was observed across studies, highlighting the influence of species, treatment stage, and concentration. Overall, <em>trans</em>-anethole shows promise as a supplement in ART systems, particularly at low to moderate concentrations. However, its efficacy is highly context-dependent. Further research with standardized protocols is needed to define optimal dosing strategies and clarify its mechanisms of action in reproductive biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct gonadotropin receptor profiles across follicle sizes reveal potential mechanism for follicular co-dominance in goats","authors":"Waqas Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Suleman ,&nbsp;Jawad Akhtar ,&nbsp;Amjad Riaz ,&nbsp;Khalid Javed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Rashid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the mechanistic basis of follicular co-dominance in goats by evaluating the differential expression of gonadotropin receptors and associated functional markers across follicle sizes. Granulosa (GC) and theca cells (TC) were isolated from small (&lt;5.0 mm), medium (5.1–7.0 mm), and large (&gt;7.0 mm) follicles obtained from abattoir-sourced ovaries of sub-tropical Beetal goats. Transcripts of luteinizing hormone receptor (<em>LHR</em>), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (<em>FSHR</em>), steroidogenic enzymes (<em>CYP19A1, CYP17A1</em>), growth (<em>IGF-1</em>), apoptotic (<em>BAX</em>), and anti-apoptotic (<em>Bcl-2</em>) markers were quantified using RT-qPCR. Receptor density and percentage of LHR- and FSHR-positive GC were analyzed via flow cytometry. Intrafollicular estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. <em>LHR</em> expression was significantly elevated in GC of medium follicles and in TC of small and medium follicles. <em>FSHR</em> transcripts were significantly abundant in GC of small follicles. Flow cytometry revealed that medium follicles exhibited the highest percentage and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for both FSHR and LHR, suggesting dual gonadotropin sensitivity. Estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations were also significantly higher in medium compared to small follicles, consistent with enhanced steroidogenic activity. <em>CYP19A1</em> expression peaked in GC of small follicles, while <em>CYP17A1</em> was elevated in TC of small and medium follicles. <em>Bcl-2</em> expression was higher in medium follicles than in large follicles, while <em>IGF-1</em> and <em>BAX</em> expression remained unchanged across sizes. These findings provide novel insight into goat follicular physiology, supporting the hypothesis that medium follicles co-express both gonadotropin receptors, potentially enabling co-dominance through dual hormonal responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of epigenetic differences in genomes of cloned cattle from different donor cell sources","authors":"Mingxuan Sheng ,&nbsp;Dongdong Bo ,&nbsp;Haoqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Tian Huang ,&nbsp;Chongyuan Ye ,&nbsp;Yueyu Bai ,&nbsp;Gengsheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its potential, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) remains limited by low efficiency and frequent developmental abnormalities, with donor cell selection being a key contributing factor. To address this, we investigated epigenetic differences in cloned cattle derived from fetal fibroblasts (FFBs) versus fetal oviduct epithelial cells (FOVs). Using multi-omics profiling—including Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) analysis—we systematically compared the two groups. Notably, clones derived from FOVs (FOV group) exhibited enhanced chromatin accessibility and more active gene expression patterns relative to FFB-derived clones (FFB group). Integrative omics analysis identified differential genomic regions associated with cell differentiation, embryonic development, and epigenetic regulation, along with putative transcription factor binding motifs. Intriguingly, while original FFB and FOV cells showed comparable 5mC levels, FOV-derived clones displayed significantly reduced 5mC post-SCNT, suggesting distinct epigenetic reprogramming dynamics. Furthermore, surviving FFB clones exhibited elevated 5hmC (&gt;4 ‰), whereas deceased clones had markedly lower levels (&lt;2 ‰). Together, these findings elucidate donor cell-dependent molecular mechanisms in SCNT, offering novel perspectives and valuable clues for subsequent research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of YAP1 and TAZ enhances the in vitro maturation of yak oocytes and influences subsequent embryonic development","authors":"Donglan Zhong ,&nbsp;Yangyang Pan ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruihua Xu ,&nbsp;Qiyong Zuo ,&nbsp;Tianhao Li ,&nbsp;Sijiu Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obtaining high-quality in vitro matured oocytes is the basis for in vitro embryo production. In-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of in vitro maturation of yak oocytes is crucial for the establishment of a standardized in vitro culture system. As a key transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo signaling pathway, YAP1/TAZ plays an important role by coordinating granulosa cell proliferation and estradiol synthesis, which are the core links of follicular development. However, the specific function of YAP1/TAZ in yak oocyte maturation remains unclear. Consequently, this study focuses on yaks as the research model, employing specific inhibitors and activators to modulate the activity of YAP1 and TAZ. By combining IVP, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining, we examined YAP1 and TAZ expression patterns and subcellular localization during oocyte maturation and blastocyst development. The objective is to elucidate the role of YAP1 and TAZ in regulating oocyte maturation and blastocyst quality. The results showed that YAP1 and TAZ proteins play a key role in yak oocyte maturation by changing their activity, which in turn significantly affects the expression of CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and CYP1A1, key enzymes in the CYP450 metabolic pathway. Furthermore, they modulate the expression of proteins involved in cumulus cell expansion, such as PTGS2, HAS2, and TNFAIP6, as well as oocyte-derived factors like GDF9 and BMP15 proteins. Significantly, the activity of YAP1 and TAZ influences both the total cell number and the differentiation of cell lineages in blastocysts. These results not only offer a novel perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive regulation in plateau animals but also establish a crucial theoretical foundation for optimizing IVP technology in yaks and enhancing embryo production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tssk6 is essential for the regulation of male zebrafish fertility","authors":"Xuan Ma,&nbsp;Yongmei Qi,&nbsp;Huanshan He,&nbsp;Cong Yuan,&nbsp;Dejun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein kinases are critical regulators of cellular functions and play a pivotal role in male reproduction. In this study, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanisms of the testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 6 (<em>tssk6</em>) in zebrafish. We found that <em>tssk6</em> gene is highly expressed in the testis of adult male zebrafish, with its protein sequence showing high homology to those of mice and humans, highlighting its evolutionary conservation across vertebrates and suggesting an ancient, critical role in male reproduction. By constructing <em>tssk6</em> mutants, we demonstrated that deletion of this gene leads to impaired testis development, reduced sperm quality, and decreased fertilization capacity in male zebrafish, directly linking <em>tssk6</em> to the regulation of male fertility. In addition, transcriptome analysis of testis from <em>tssk6</em> mutants further revealed significant changes in the expression of genes essential for spermatogenesis, sperm-egg recognition and fusion, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these reproductive defects. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical regulatory role of <em>tssk6</em> in male zebrafish fertility. Our study not only advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying male reproduction but also provides valuable insights into conserved reproductive pathways in vertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “FOXM1 affects oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and the DNA damage response by regulating p21 in aging oocytes” [Theriogenology 229 (2024) 66–74]","authors":"Wenjie Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshi Cai ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Peng ,&nbsp;Lingxia Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Gao ,&nbsp;Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Guangying Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan Pan ,&nbsp;Hongzhong Chu ,&nbsp;Shuang Liang ,&nbsp;Chengzhen Chen ,&nbsp;Nam-Hyung Kim ,&nbsp;Bao Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiabao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an allogenic in-ovo assay for primary chicken follicle stimulation","authors":"Sabine Klein,&nbsp;Wilfried A. Kues","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, we established an optimized co-culture for primordial and primary chicken follicles implanted into the chorioallantoic membrane of cultured eggs with growing embryos in surrogate shells (CAM-assay) for direct access during their initial growth and germline specification.</div><div>The germline specification is initiated by germ plasm accumulation in the Balbiani body of early primordial follicles directed by the maternally provided germ plasm organizer Bucky ball. To investigate the regulatory network during this initial germline specification, we developed a protocol for the <em>in-vitro</em> lipofection of separated primordial and primary follicles with interfering RNAs. The implantation of lipofected follicles in the nourishing environment of the CAM of preincubated eggs and <em>in-ovo</em> culture of these stimulated follicles for further 2–4 days could be used to investigate alterations in the resulting transcription and protein profiles. To ensure optimized developmental conditions for the implanted follicles, either preincubated eggs fenestrated with a shell opening of about one square centimeter or preincubated eggs transferred in surrogate shells through an opening of 35 mm diameter, were compared as recipients. The development of the follicles in a three-dimensional culture system using surrogate shells ensures maximum access to the surface of the CAM and an exceptionally high vitality of the recipient embryos as well as the implanted follicles. Phenotypical parameters for the vitality assessment of the follicles after 2–4 days of co-incubation are provided. First data of interference effects with siRNAs for Bucky ball and CVH are added.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR30-mediated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway promotes porcine oocyte maturation and development","authors":"Jiaxin Duan ,&nbsp;Anli Xu ,&nbsp;Junhao Xie ,&nbsp;Linghao Wang ,&nbsp;Qipin Lv ,&nbsp;Jingxian Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Bugao Li ,&nbsp;Guoqing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) exhibits specific expression in oocytes and plays a pivotal role in regulating mammalian oocyte maturation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPR30-mediated porcine oocyte maturation remain poorly characterized. This study elucidated the regulatory function of GPR30 during <em>in vitro</em> maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and its potential mechanistic basis. Western blot levels of GPR30 showed that GPR30 protein content decreased with time during oocyte development; however, the addition of 17β-estradiol for 24 h of incubation significantly increased GPR30 in porcine oocytes. At the same time, fluorescent staining results showed that the 17β-estradiol group improved the first polar body (PB1) rate, the cumulus expansion index (CEI), and the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum normal distribution rate. G15 is a specific antagonist of GPR30. We found that the 17β-estradiol + G15 groups inhibited the above facilitation. <em>In vitro</em> experiments with porcine oocytes further showed that autophagy was improved by the 17β-estradiol group, and the promotion of 17β-estradiol and the maturation of the oocyte nucleoplasm were impeded by the use of the MEK/ERK-specific inhibitors Trametinib and FR 180204, respectively. Our findings indicated that GPR30 positively regulates the occurrence of autophagy in porcine oocytes and affects oocyte maturation and development via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In summary, the study provides a theoretical foundation for the further understanding of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway as a regulatory mechanism for mammalian oocyte maturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifications in media composition and antioxidant support influences in vitro produced bovine blastocyst inner cell mass and trophectoderm numbers","authors":"Jessica A. Keane ,&nbsp;Lydia K. Wooldridge ,&nbsp;Mary A. Oliver ,&nbsp;Savannah L. Speckhart ,&nbsp;Kayla J. Alward ,&nbsp;Jada L. Nix ,&nbsp;Fernando H. Biase ,&nbsp;Alan D. Ealy","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the in vitro bovine embryo production work completed over the past several decades has relied on using a medium formulation developed based on the chemical composition of sheep oviduct fluid (SOFBE1). This work explored how changes in the composition of this medium (modSOFBE1) and the inclusion of five antioxidant molecules (5AO) affect in vitro bovine embryo development. Studies used cumulus oocyte complexes collected from abattoir-derived ovaries that underwent in vitro maturation and fertilization, then presumptive zygotes were placed into the various media formulations. No medium type or 5AO supplementation effects were observed on the percentage of zygotes that cleaved or the percentage of cleaved embryos that formed blastocysts. Trophectoderm (TE) cell numbers were increased in blastocysts cultured in modSOFBE1, and inner cell mass (ICM) numbers were increased in blastocyst developed in modSOFBE1+5AO. Sex ratio of blastocysts was not influenced by medium type and 5AO supplementation. This work provides evidence that improvements in the base SOFBE1 formulation and the addition of multiple antioxidants may not improve overall blastocyst development rates, but they may be a useful means for promoting TE and ICM cell numbers in blastocysts. These modifications to the cellular composition of blastocysts and other subsequent activities on post-transfer development that have yet to be described may offer us with new opportunities to improve post-transfer pregnancy success of in vitro produced bovine embryos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 117532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}