Journal of Agroforestry and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Fodder Species with or without Nutrient Supplementation for Paddy Straw-based Dairy Cattle Production in Hills of Nepal","authors":"R. Ghimire, D. Adhikari, D. Adhikari, S. Ghimire, R. Amgain","doi":"10.55706/jae1510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1510","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity of crossbred dairy cattle in the milk production pockets of Nepali hills are considerably low due to their severe undernourishment in the paddy straw-based feeding regimes. An experiment was carried out at on-farm of Tanahun district in order to compare popular fodders (Ficus semicordata cv. Montana S.M. Amatya and Pennisetum purpureum K. Schumach. cv Mott) with and without nutrient supplementation via the urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) for milk yield, milk fat content and lactometer reading. The experiment was conducted in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 replications. The milking cattle of Jersey crossbred from third to fifth parities with similar milk yields and stages of lactation were taken as the experimental animals. The results of the study showed that Rai khanayo (F. semicordata) fodder performed better (p<0.01) than Napier (P. purpureum) for milk yield, milk fat content, and lactometer reading. Likely, significantly enhanced (p<0.05) milk yield with better fat content and lactometer reading were obtained for the UMMB supplemented group. Feeding 10 kg of F. semicordata fodder with 300 g of UMMB supplementation, 10 kg of rice straw and 2 kg of wheat bran as the daily ration improved the milk yield, milk fat content, and lactometer reading considerably (p<0.05) than other treatment combinations in the farmers’ field. These simple and practical technologies can rigorously be used for the substantial improvement of the milk yield and its constituents of crossbred dairy cattle, and also for their health in the hills of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123769331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Pyrethroid and Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Manage Litchi Fruit Borer","authors":"M. Taher, Mohammad Monir Uddin, K. Islam","doi":"10.55706/jae1505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1505","url":null,"abstract":"Lychee is damaged by the litchi fruit borer (LFB), Conopomorpha sinensis severely reduces the yield and marketable quality of the fruits, and farmers face a substantial financial loss. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in the commercial litchi orchard. The study evaluated the efficacy of some insecticides under the group of pyrethroids, such as cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC), deltamethrin (Decis 2.5 EC), and fenvalerate (Fenfen 20 EC), neonicotinoids as imidacloprid (Imitaf 20 SL), thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WG), and pre-formulation of chlorantraniliprole+thiamethoxam (Voliam flexi 300 SC) and organophosphate (Hilthion 57 EC). All insecticides are used with recommended doses against C. sinensis to develop an appropriate management strategy. Among the treatments, spraying of voliam flexi 300 SC observed the maximum reduction of infestations over the control trees (99.47%), followed by imitaf, actara, decis, ripcord, fenfen, and hilthion. The highest benefit-cost ratio was obtained from the treated fruit trees with voliam flexi (12.11:1) and near about in fenfen and decis. Considering the effectiveness, spraying of voliam flexi at the rate of 0.5 ml per litre of water, followed by two sprays, first at ten days after the fruit set and then 20 days after the first spray. It is the most promising insecticidal approach for managing C. sinensis and may reduce the health risk to humans and save desirable components of the environment.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131024118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rainfall Pattern on the Tea Production in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Socio-economic Perspectives","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.55706/jae1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1507","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, tea is a cash crop that significantly benefits both our economy and food security. Hence, the study aimed to assess the present pattern of tea production and the impacts of rainfall patterns on tea yield and made tea quality. The empirical data was collected from ten tea gardens covering three tea-producing administrative divisions and six districts of Bangladesh. The cost of production and profit-loss were examined to link with rainfall distribution. Likewise, the daily income of permanent workers, the job market of the contractual workers, and the workers' associated welfare were critically analyzed to understand the social impact. The results showed that the Rangpur division faces incremental dryness; in contrast, the Sylhet division exhibited a steady pattern with a high frequency of continuous heavy rainfall. The rainfall pattern of the Chottogram division was highly unpredictable and oscillated. Long spell drought and heavy showers followed by flash floods affect tea yield. According to respondents' perception, the rainfall pattern showed changing behaviours that are not favourable for tea production. The emergence of new pests and deterioration of soil characteristics were reported. Bangladesh enjoyed the most pleasant weather for tea production in 2019. The cost of production increases with the adverse weather, which increases the loss for the growers. Profit loss of growers is a determinant of the welfare of the workers impacting their livelihoods. The organic tea garden is not affected by climatic events. Consequently, the socio-economic conditions of the organic garden are safeguarded. Hence, the study recommends following organic farming to cope with climate change. Differently, it was reported that the intermediaries' hegemony in the market chain is more problematic than climate change. Policy initiatives are warranted to correct the market and to establish gardeners' and consumers' rights.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131411140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt tolerance of Papaya (Carica papaya), Indian spinach (Basella alba L.) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in the south central coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"A. F. E. Azam, M. Hasan, M. S. Khan, S. Ghosh, M. Saha, A. A. Zabir","doi":"10.55706/jae1503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1503","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on saline tolerant vegetables with their mineral constituents for nutritional security during July 2020 to June 2021. Edible portions of the three summer vegetables, such as papaya, Indian spinach and okra were collected from Barguna and Patuakhali districts. The locations were Sawdagarpara, Taltoli, Barguna district, Pakhimara of Khepupara upazila and Dumki of Patuakhali district. Sawdagarpara (saline soil, EC=6.2 dSm-1), Taltoli, Barguna district and Pakhimara (saline soil, EC=3.8 dSm-1), Khepupara, Patuakhali district were selected as the saline areas and Dumki (non-saline soil, EC=0.9 dSm-1), Patuakhali was a non-saline area on the basis of soil EC levels. The vegetables were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg and S. In saline areas, comparatively lower accumulations of P and higher accumulations of K, Ca, Mg and S were found in non-saline areas. Considering the achieved findings, studied vegetables can tolerate moderate salinity (soil EC value up to 6.2dSm-1) and they can be recommended to grow commercially in the study area for nutritional security. The accumulation trend in the vegetables was Ca>Mg>P>K>S. On the basis of total mineral ingredients, the trend of vegetables was found to be Indian spinach> papaya> okra. Therefore, the study recommended that Carica papaya, Basella alba L. and Abelmoschus esculentus are the moderately saline tolerant vegetable crops.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"53 47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synoptic Climatology of Air Temperatures behind Extreme Cyclone Events over the Bay of Bengal of Southern Bangladesh","authors":"M. Farukh, M. Hossen, M. A. Badhan, M. H. Sarker, A. Das","doi":"10.55706/jae1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1502","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclones have occurred more frequently in recent decades in a disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. Twenty-two (22) extreme cyclone events that occurred from 1975-2014 were investigated in this study with respect to air temperature climatology. Air temperature, sea level pressure, rainfall, relative humidity (Rhum), and sunshine hours (SShr) have been analyzed to find out the impact of air temperatures behind cyclogenesis. Historical cyclone data were obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department; Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and Disaster Preparedness Centre (AIT). Historical weather data was collected from the Climate Division of BMD. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Clustering were used to find out the whole atmospheric air temperature impact on cyclogenesis. The NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data were used to find out the distribution of air temperature anomaly over Bangladesh and Bay of Bengal (BB). Among the 22 cyclones, cluster 2 belongs to 9 cyclones and cluster 3 comprises of 12 cyclones. Clusters 2 and 3 indicate that temperatures of about 34 to 35°C were mostly responsible for the formation of a total of 21 cyclones from 1975 to 2014. The existence of a relatively cooler zone (strong negative anomaly) near to surface level, in association with a relatively warmer zone (strong positive anomaly) at 850, 700, 500, and 300hPa level were firmly responsible for cyclogenesis over BB. The larger, warmer air mass in the upper atmosphere could have a significant impact on the development of huge instability throughout the entire atmospheric column, potentially leading to the formation of extreme weather phenomena such as severe cyclones in southern Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Livelihood and Biodiversity Through Caritas Intervened Project in the Northeastern Region of Bangladesh: A Case Study","authors":"K. Islam, J. Gomes, A. Toppo, B. Biswas, A. Mankin, A. Paul, R. Barman, S. Basak","doi":"10.55706/jae1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1501","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, many development projects have been undertaken by different GOs and NGOs in diverse areas of the world with the expectation that they will simultaneously address the challenges of declining rural livelihoods and biodiversity. Caritas Bangladesh, a leading national and non-profit organization, has implemented several social welfare and community development projects since the 1970s. Accordingly, Caritas implemented a noble project in 2019, namely: Improving the livelihoods of extremely poor people by promoting green energy and biodiversity in the aspect of climate change in disaster-affected areas of Bangladesh (ILPGB). Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the ILPGB project on the livelihood and biodiversity improvements of the rural farmers in the Netrokona and Sunamgonj districts of Bangladesh. The assessment was done through random samplings of 60 stakeholders using a semi-structured questionnaire for livelihood analysis and quadrat (10 x 10 m2) plotting techniques in the farmer's homestead for biodiversity analysis. The results showed that the ILPGB project had brought changes, most of which have had positive impacts on the human, social, physical, economic, and natural capital of the participants, and the process of livelihood development was slow but showed improving trends. Nevertheless, a platform for social relations and networks has been created among the participants in the project implementation areas. On the contrary, a total of 34 plant species were identified in the participants' homestead, of which 18 were trees, 6 shrubs, and 10 herb species. The species dominance showed that farmers tend to grow fruit tree species for their family's needs, and the general plant diversity in the northeastern region of Bangladesh was moderate to low. So, the study strongly recommends that the ILPGB project should continue for another two to three years. During this time, farmers could easily build their livelihood capital and improve their homestead biodiversity with the help of the project's planting materials and agricultural inputs.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Different Fungicides in Controlling Wheat Blast in Bangladesh","authors":"J. Farthouse, M. Kashem, M. Hasan, Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil, M. M. Haque, K. E. Nabi","doi":"10.55706/jae1404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1404","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an aggressive fungal disease threatening wheat production in Bangladesh. In the absence of resistant varieties, fungicide control is a first-hand effort. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different fungicides against wheat blast in pot conditions and to identify the best one for preventive spray. The efficacy of five fungicides i.e., Nativo 75WG (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%), Trooper 75 WP (Tricyclazole), Two in One (Hexaconazole 3% + Tricyclazole 22%), Opponent 75 WG (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) and Azonil 56 SC (Azoxystrobin 6% + Chlorothalonil 50%) against wheat blast was evaluated. The blast susceptible variety BARI Gom 26 was planted in pot following CRD with three replications. Wheat plants (52 days old) were inoculated with spore suspension (107 CFU) from 7 days old MoT cultures grown on oat meal agar at 25°C. Fungicides were sprayed at the pre-heading stage (52 DAS) after 48 hours of inoculation. Data on disease incidence and severity were scored for seven times after first appearance of disease symptoms. The results indicate Nativo exhibited the highest level of fungicidal activity against blast with a 40.10% disease incidence and 91.81% severity, followed by Trooper with a 47.36% incidence and 97.45% severity. The diseases incidence for the rest three fungicides ranged from 53.90% to 85.10%. Nativo and Trooper showed 52.88 % and 44.35 % blast reductions respectively. It can be concluded that Nativo and Trooper fungicides can be used to control wheat blast by spraying twice at the 10 days interval at pre-heading stage.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115718650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Sunflower Production Through the Use of Sustainable Nutrient Management in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh","authors":"U. Sarker, M. Hossin, M. Uddin, D. Hossain, M. Islam, M. K. Hossain","doi":"10.55706/jae1402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1402","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was done to observe how sunflowers responded to varying irrigation intervals, as well as different quantities of processing poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers. The results demonstrated that the combined use of varying irrigation intervals, as well as variable quantities of poultry manure and NPK fertilizers, had a substantial impact on all growth and seed production features. The best sunflower yield and yield contributing characteristics were 91.67 cm plant height, 3.48 cm stem girth, 18.00 number of leaves per plant, 16.00 cm head diameter, 808.33 seeds per head, 54.00 g 1000-seed weight, and 1.70 tha-1 seed yield with a 10 day irrigation interval and 4 tha-1 processed poultry manure and NPK fertilizer combination of ten day irrigation interval and second place went to a 3 tha-1 processing poultry manure with NPK fertilizer, which yielded 801.00 g of seed per head and 1.60 ton seed output per hectare. In terms of sunflower growth and yield, all of the other treatments were found to be inferior. In comparison to other irrigation intervals and processing poultry manure treatments, a 10 day irrigation interval and 4 tha-1 processing poultry manure with adjusted amount of NPK fertilizers from 5 tha-1 poultry manure (recommended dose) exhibited more promising outcomes.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower properties of selected roasted and nonroasted bean cultivars","authors":"Md. Hanzala Rahaman, Md. Rezwanul Haque, M. Mortuza, M. G. Aziz","doi":"10.55706/jae1405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1405","url":null,"abstract":"Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) is a popular and widely consumed nutritious vegetable because of its high protein and dietary fiber content, as well as fats, carbohydrates, and minerals. The study was carried out to see the powder properties of flour from raw and roasted bean cultivars grown in different parts of Bangladesh. Powder properties were evaluated by established laboratory protocols. The highest bulk density of 0.769 g/cm3 (Gheukoly and Ashina cultivars) was found in the nonroasted bean flour sample. The roasted bean flour samples showed the highest tapped density, flowability and cohesiveness. With regard to colour parameters, non-roasted Ashina bean flour exhibited the highest lightness, having an L* value of 91.26, whereas roasted Ashina bean flour showed the highest yellowness and redness having b* value 27.49 and a* value 6.97 respectively among all the flour samples studied. Roasting improves the density, flowability and cohesiveness properties of bean cultivars which indicate that the roasted flours are relatively better to be used in ready-to-eat and ready-to-serve foodstuff development.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"291 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131520782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroforestry as an Ecofriendly Pathway to Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement: The Case of the Madhupur Garh, Bangladesh","authors":"S. Swapna, M. Wadud, G. Rahman, M. K. Hasan, N. Alam, J. Rana, K. Islam","doi":"10.55706/jae1401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1401","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry production systems are underappreciated for their role in meeting the SDGs on poverty, food security, and climate change. In Bangladesh, low-productive agroforestry practices also provide ecosystem services and supply food to more than 22 million poor families. Accordingly, Madhupur Garh’s agroforestry practices are very promising and act as a significant factor in providing several outputs and opportunities for over 50,000 farmers to improve farm productivity, livelihoods, and resource conservation. Therefore, a case study was undertaken to analyze the economical profitability of promising local agroforestry practices and their impacts on the livelihoods of the rural farmers living in Madhupur Garh. This study identified six of the most common potential agroforestry practices in the Madhupur Garh. Among six identified agroforestry practices, the highest gross return and net profit were obtained from the Acacia-Pineapple-Ginger-based agroforestry practice (BCR 2.83). Moreover, these agroforestry models have simultaneously improved participants' social, physical, human, and ecological capital. So, the study argues that these agroforestry models not only provide economic returns but also augment the livelihood capital of the local farmers, thus developing their community as a whole, and this research looks at some of the key aspects of that development. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Acacia-Pineapple-Ginger-based agroforestry program can be the most effective strategy for generating income for the rural people in the study area and have an impact on the local farmers' livelihoods in the Madhupur Garh of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127252431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}