2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)最新文献

{"title":"Solar playgrounds: A design feasibility study","authors":"J. Ellsworth, Ivyann Oveson, J. Salmon","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333526","url":null,"abstract":"The data from climate change research and recent events, both political and environmental, have made it apparent that society needs to turn to more renewable sources of energy to meet its energy needs and become more sustainable. This research explores the installation of solar panels directly onto playground equipment as a way to promote the adoption of solar energy through photovoltaics. As children are accustomed to interacting with solar technology from a young age, they will likely come to expect solar and other more sustainable types of energy throughout society, both in public and in private. These expectations will further fuel the solar industry, lower prices, and increase the adoption and use of renewable energy sources in the future. Data is presented of the potential energy production of 11 parks in Provo, Utah, with a cost-benefit analysis of installing panels on those playgrounds. Although the energy produced at each park is relatively small, the benefits suggest it is feasible and becomes more attractive and impactful when considering the increased awareness it provides of energy usage, familiarity with a sustainable technology, and likely future adoption by the next generation.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the technical effectiveness of SIRES in a rural setting","authors":"Zeel Maheshwari, R. Ramakumar","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333477","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, energy availability is a severe problem in majority of the rural areas. A novel approach called Smart Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (SIRES) is proposed to fulfill the fundamental demands in rural areas by matching them to resources in a sustainable manner. Freely available renewable resources such as insolation, wind, water and biomass are utilized to satisfy basic needs such as biogas for cooking, domestic and irrigation water and electricity. In this paper, the probability that SIRES fulfills these needs, or in short, Need Fulfillment Probability (NFP), is estimated for four different weather conditions where insolation and wind resources are varied. NFP of SIRES is highest on a high wind sunny day and is estimated to be 0.9627. NFP of SIRES was compared to microgrid for the considered weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of smart microgrid research and educational testbed","authors":"K. Sedghisigarchi, Cris Sicat","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a smart Microgrid educational testbed developed by authors at the California State University, Northridge. A small scale low voltage (208V) distribution grid demonstration system was built and tested for training and educational purposes. This three phase testbed is made of three feeder radial lines. Loads are located at the end of each feeder. The Microgrid system can be reconfigured by relays allocated on each line which enables each load to be fed from another route if needed. All line relays can be manually or remotely controlled by wireless xbees installed on the panel. In case of a fault or a line interruption event occurs, the critical loads can stay on using an automatic reconfiguring algorithm that is written and implemented to this prototype.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127906174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the monthly insolation in Libya","authors":"A. Guwaeder, R. Ramakumar","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333476","url":null,"abstract":"Recent significant downtrend in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) modules at an average rate of 20% with each doubling of sales has accelerated their deployment around the world on a large scale. This paper presents a brief study of some of the potential impacts of the entry of grid-connected PV on the Libyan power system. Further, it also presents the observed radiations at four locations in Libya to analyze the statistical solar radiation data provided from the Solar Electricity Hand Book 2017 Edition. The solar radiation data set is analyzed using Weibull, Normal, Rayleigh and Gamma distribution. An effort has been made to find out the most suitable distribution for solar radiation data, based on two goodness of fit tests, namely Chi-Squared test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Root mean square error also used to determine the error. From analysis, it is concluded that Weibull and Normal distribution give the best fit for observed solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129128671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural health monitoring of existing concrete bridges with AASHTO Type IV girder using Smartbridge Sensor Nodes","authors":"J. Gavina, F. A. Uy, J. Carreon","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333538","url":null,"abstract":"There are more than 8,000 bridges in the Philippines today, most of which are Concrete Bridges. As the Bridge infrastructure has aged towards the requirement for effective monitoring, the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges has become increasingly significant. Currently, in the Philippines, the method for structural integrity evaluation of bridges is limited to on-site visual inspection. Moreover, visual inspections have proven to be deficient in assessing the actual condition of a certain bridge. For this study, SmartBridge Sensor Nodes were utilized for SHM to further evaluate the health of a bridge. Acceleration readings gathered by the sensor shall aid indicate the actual health of the bridge in which visual inspections are incapable of. To efficiently utilize the sensors, the methods of proper installation and location for placement of sensors on an existing concrete bridge with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Type IV Girders was determined. In addition, the SHM System used in this study utilized a wireless method to upload data from the sensors to a central server or system, wherein the data are processed and monitored against set thresholds. Output of this study also includes a portal or webpage wherein different type of users are able to view and access data for monitoring and assessment. Transmission of data and portal access are available online, in which overall, makes the SHM System wireless.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133611398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PID inspired feature extraction method for HVAC terminal units","authors":"M. Dey, Manik Gupta, S. P. Rana, Mikdam Turkey, S. Dudley","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333470","url":null,"abstract":"Retrofitting older buildings and embedding new building stock with Energy Management Systems (BEMS) is paving the way for smarter energy use and increased well-being awareness and initiatives for occupants. BEMS can discover problems related to energy wastage, user comfort and building maintenance. Remote analysis and categorization of the different Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Terminal Unit (TU) behaviours based on a unique set of features using BEMS data is the main aim of the proposed work. Hence, a novel feature extraction method inspired by the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller response curve to define events from TU data is proposed and applied to multidimensional, real-time data streams remotely retrieved from a building based in the city of London. The feature extraction method executing across different TUs and the feature sets obtained, have been used to identify different TU behaviour patterns. Subsequently, unsupervised machine learning has been employed to study faulty and non-faulty TUs.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"77 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing social sustainability for biofuel supply chains: The case of aviation biofuel in Brazil","authors":"Zhizhen Wang, P. Osseweijer, John Posada","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333474","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation fuels derived from biomass are generally perceived as sustainable alternatives compared with their fossil counterparts. However, the production of jet biofuels will have impacts on environment, economy and society simultaneously. Despite that a large number of studies have evaluated environmental impacts or techno-economic feasibility of aviation biofuels, very few studies took social aspects into consideration. Thus, this study seeks to provide a social sustainability evaluation for aviation biofuels with a supply chain perspective. Three potential jet biofuel supply chains, based on different feedstocks, i.e. sugarcane, eucalyptus and macauba, were analyzed in the context of Brazil. The assessment is performed mainly with a process-based approach combined with input-output analysis. A set of social sustainability issues, including employment, working condition, labor right, gender equity and social development, were evaluated in a quantitative manner. The results show the three supply chains lead to differentiated levels of social effects. The macauba-based supply chain generates the highest number of jobs and highest GDP value, whereas the eucalyptus-based supply chain offers more employment opportunities for women. In comparison, the sugarcane-based supply chain has relatively moderate social effects. For future work, the assessment of social sustainability needs to cover a wider range of social issues, in order to extend the comprehension of social sustainability regarding biofuels. Additional research is suggested to bridge the methodological gaps in social sustainability assessment.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131825747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data calibration of the actual versus the theoretical micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based accelerometer reading through remote monitoring of Padre Jacinto Zamora Flyover","authors":"J. M. Payawal, F. A. Uy, J. Carreon","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the application of Structural Health Monitoring, SHM into bridges. Bridges are structures built to provide passage over a physical obstruction such as rivers, chasms or roads. The Philippines has a total of 8,166 national bridges as published on the 2015 atlas of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and only 2,924 or 35.81% of these bridges are in good condition. As a result, PHP 30.464 billion of the 2016 budget of DPWH is allocated on roads and/or bridges maintenance alone. Intensive spending is owed to the present practice of outdated manual inspection and assessment, and poor structural health monitoring of Philippine infrastructures. As the School of Civil, Environmental, & Geological Engineering of Mapua Institute of Technology (MIT) continuous its well driven passion in research based projects, a partnership with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the DPWH launched the application of Structural Health Monitoring, (SHM) in Padre Jacinto Zamora Flyover. The flyover is located along Nagtahan Boulevard in Sta. Mesa, Manila that connects Brgy. 411 and Brgy. 635. It gives service to vehicles going from Lacson Avenue to Mabini Bridge passing over Legarda Flyover. The flyover is chosen among the many located bridges in Metro Manila as the focus of the pilot testing due to its site accessibility, and complete structural built plans and specifications necessary for SHM as provided by the Bureau of Design, BOD department of DPWH. This paper focuses on providing a method to calibrate theoretical readings from STAAD Vi8 Pro and sync the data to actual MEMS accelerometer readings. It is observed that while the design standards used in constructing the flyover was reflected on the model, actual readings of MEMS accelerometer display a large difference compared to the theoretical data ran and taken from STAAD Vi8 Pro. In achieving true seismic response of the modeled bridge or hence syncing the theoretical data to the actual sensor reading also called as the independent variable of this paper, analysis using single degree of freedom (SDOF) of the flyover under free vibration without damping using STAAD Vi8 Pro is done. The earthquake excitation and bridge responses is subjected to earthquake ground motion in the form of ground acceleration or Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA. Translational acceleration load is used to simulate the ground motion of the time history analysis acceleration record in STAAD Vi8 Pro. Though sensors measure three axes simultatniously, SDAF will be used in the analysis since this paper focuses in the up and down movement of the bridge being inspected. Lastly, environmental factors such as wind and rainfall were all viewed as external elements. With this, upon calibration, these factors were corrected not to affect the readings of the sensors used in the study.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load-match-driven design improvement of solar PV systems and its impact on the grid with a case study","authors":"Hadia Awad, M. Gül, Haitao Yu","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333515","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of solar energy systems into residential buildings is emerging as an important method of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from the housing industry. However, several challenges accompany the deployment of solar PV for residential construction, such as determining an optimum size and layout design for best on-site system utilization in conformity to local roof sloping practices, especially in cold-climate regions. In addition, solar PV applications in high-latitude regions encounter other challenges, such as seasonal variations in daylight hours and in the sun's path, and soiling parameters such as snow coverage. These challenges result in a PV mismatch: (a) in winter, minimal PV-generated energy and high energy demand (due to space heating and hot water heating loads), and (b) in summer, PV over-generation and reduced energy demand. This paper aims to mitigate the impact of solar PV micro-generation and household loads on the utility grid by improving solar PV layout placement in order to maximize the system's load-match and minimize its grid interaction.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116259824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emissions impacts of varied energy storage operational objectives across regions","authors":"Emily L. Barrett, Brandon L. Thayer, Karen Studarus, Seemita Pal","doi":"10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTECH.2017.8333503","url":null,"abstract":"The emissions consequences of smart grid technologies can be significant but are not always intuitive. This is particularly true in the implementation of energy storage (ES) systems that are being increasingly adopted to integrate more intermittent renewable generation, to reduce peak demand, and to participate in energy markets. Both the location of the ES system within the grid and the way it is operated will dictate its resulting impacts. The Grid Project Impact Quantification tool can provide insight into some of the emissions implications of hypothetical ES systems for a variety of operational objectives in diverse locations within the United States.","PeriodicalId":231217,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114232685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}