International Journal of Forensic Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Forensic Pathological Study of 115 Deaths in Custody in China","authors":"Xinshan Chen","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000298","url":null,"abstract":"Deaths in custody or during contact with law enforcement attract considerable public concern. A retrospective study was undertaken involving 115 autopsied cases of people who died in custody from 2000 to 2009. The cases are from the files of the Department of Forensic Pathology, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan. There was a preponderance of males (113 cases) with only two (2) deaths of women. The age range of the males was from 15 to 77 years. 96 (83.5%) of these males were young adults ranging in age from 20 to 49 year. 70 (60.9%) were peasants. The interval between death and autopsy of 53 (46.1%) cases was within 48 h. Of the 111 cases with known causes of death, most of them (83 cases, 72.1%) died of natural disease and the remainder were violent deaths. Regarding the manner of death: 83 cases were natural deaths, of which 39 (47%) were from cardiovascular disease; 23 cases were suicide; 5 cases were accidental death; 4 cases were undetermined. These data are consistent with the fact that most criminal offenders are young adult men and that the main causes of death in custody are natural. Suicide is a well-recognized phenomenon amongst deaths in custody globally and prevention of suicide is a significant challenge for custodial authorities. It is suggested that all police and law enforcement units should strengthen efforts to prevent and manage natural disease in custody.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133726591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisoners' Rights. Pre-Trial Detention vs. Deprivation of Liberty","authors":"O. Sitarz, Anna Jaworska-Wieloch, Dominika Bek","doi":"10.23880/IJFSC-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/IJFSC-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"Brylak J (2008)Tymczasowe aresztowanie uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda. Wojskowy Przegląd Prawniczy 4 \u0000Dąbkiewicz K (2012) Tymczasowe aresztowanie. Warsaw \u0000De Michelis J (2001) Zakres i sposob sprawowania nadzoru nad korespondencją skazanych i tymczasowo aresztowanych. In: HolystB, Ambrozik W and Stepniak P (eds) Wieziennictwo. Nowe wyzwania. Warsaw-Poznan-Kalisz \u0000Dudek D (1999) Konstytucyjna wolnośc czlowieka a tymczasowe aresztowanie. Lublin \u0000Hofmanski P and Zablocki S (2009) Pozbawienie wolności w toku procesu karnego. Wybrane aspekty konstytucyjne i prawnomiedzynarodowe. In: Skorupka J (eds) Rzetelny proces karny. Ksiega jubileuszowa Profesor Zofii Świdy. Warsaw \u0000Hofmanski P, Sadzik E and Zgryzek K (2011) Kodeks postepowania karnego. Tom I. Komentarz do artykulow 1-296. Warsaw \u0000Holda J, Holda Z and Żorawska B (2012) Prawo karne wykonawcze. Warsaw \u0000Izydorczyk J (2002) Stosowanie tymczasowego aresztowania w polskim postepowaniu karnym. Krakow \u0000Jasinski J (1997) Problem przeludnienia zakladow karnych. Przegląd Wieziennictwa Polskiego 15 \u0000Lelental S (2014) Kodeks karny wykonawczy. Komentarz. Warsaw \u0000Momot S (2009) Postepowanie sądowe w sprawach, w ktorych czas trwania tymczasowego aresztowania przekroczyl 2 lata (w świetle badan aktowych). Prokuratura i Prawo 4 \u0000Nikolajew J (2012) Wolnośc sumienia i religii skazanych i tymczasowo aresztowanych. Lublin \u0000Palaszewski P (2013) Status tymczasowo aresztowanego, wobec ktorego wykonywana jest kara pozbawienia wolności (art. 223 a k.k.w.). In: Kwiecinski A (eds) Postepowanie z wybranymi grupami skazanych w polskim systemie penitencjarnym. Aspekty prawne. Warsaw \u0000Pikulski S and Szczechowicz K (2004) Zatrzymanie i tymczasowe aresztowanie w świetle praw i wolności obywatelskich. Olsztyn \u0000Poklek R (2001) Nasilenie leku i sklonności agresywnych a aktywnośc sportowa wieźniow. In: HolystB, Ambrozik W and Stepniak P (eds) Wieziennictwo. Nowe wyzwania. Warsaw-Poznan-Kalisz \u0000Szumski A (2012) Funkcja prewencyjna tymczasowego aresztowania. Prokuratura i Prawo 7-8 \u0000Szymanowski T (2005) Polityka karna i penitencjarna w Polsce w okresie przemian prawa karnego. Warsaw \u0000Szymanowski T (2014) In: Szymanowski T and Migdal J (eds)Prawo karne wykonawcze i polityka penitencjarna. Warsaw \u0000Tecza-Paciorek A (2012) Zasada domniemania niewinności w polskim procesie karnym. Warsaw \u0000Tylman J (1994) Funkcje tymczasowego aresztowania. Łodź \u0000Zablocki S (1984) Środek zapobiegawczy – tak, represja i asekuracja – nie! Palestra 12 \u0000Zagorski J (2007) Wykonywanie tymczasowych aresztowan w Polsce. Panstwo i Prawo 10 \u0000Zgolinski I (2008) Podstawowe problemy polskiej instytucji aresztu tymczasowego. Panstwo i Prawo 8","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131832482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Asphyxiation Caused by Aspirated Vitamin C Tablet","authors":"Zlatko Jakovsk","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime Scene Examination of Children Abuse Case","authors":"Subhas Chandra","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115617587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Empirical Study of the Effects of Pure Real-World Conditions on the Reliability of Forensic Phonetic Features","authors":"Xin Guan","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000267","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic phonetic features have been being the most commonly used features in forensic voice comparison technology, and few dispute that they are dramatically affected by real-world conditions, which leads to within-speaker variations and consequently reduces the reliability of forensic voice comparison results as evidence. In this study two experiments are designed and the conversations recorded in pure real-world conditions are adopted as experiment materials to respectively demonstrate the effects of real-world conditions on quantitative phonetic feature of formant trajectory and qualitative phonetic feature of formants pattern that have been tested valid in researches or practice. The results of experiments vividly display that pure real-world conditions do reduce both the amount and quality of available quantitative and qualitative phonetic features, which consequently makes forensic voice comparison impossible or forensic voice comparison results less valid and reliable.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"127 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Judicial Practice of Crime of Refusing to Pay Labor Remuneration: Case Study","authors":"Jiang Na","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000312","url":null,"abstract":"The crime of refusal to pay labour remuneration has been implemented in China for more than a decade, but its standard of conviction and effects in practice are yet to be further examined. By analysing the judicial cases, this article finds that some constitutive elements of this crime are quite obscure and controversial and there is a lack of uniformity in the scale of penalties, resulting in a mismatch between the severity of crime and punishment. In order to achieve the goal of combating the behavior of malicious non-payment of wages, it is recommended that the subject of this crime should be expanded, the subject intent of the criminal should be underscored, and the penalties shall be appropriate to the severity of the criminal’s behavior, so as to reach a balance between the combat of crimes and protect the legitimate interests of workers, as well as maintain the social economic order.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123447073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents and Strategies to Reduce their Impact on Lives and Limbs","authors":"Mohd Sarwar Mir","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122713173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Violence by Means of Chemical Submission in the Context of Nightlife","authors":"González-Fernández Jorge","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000276","url":null,"abstract":"Although chemical submission and vulnerability have already been described in forensic medical literature since the beginning of the 18th century, it is in the last two decades that this phenomenon has acquired great importance due to the increase in cases in which sexual violence is perpetuated on victims whose intellectual and volitional capacities are compromised, derived from the introduction of substances into their organism that on many occasions is related to their leisure activities. This article is based on a retrospective study carried out in the Autonomous Community of La Rioja (Spain) of cases of sexual violence that have required forensic medical intervention, between 2009-2020. In a sample of 202 cases of female victims over 12 years of age, variables such as the consumption of alcohol or other substances that facilitate sexual aggression and their relationship with nightlife, the hours of greatest incidence of this type of violence, and the public or private spaces in which these substance-mediated aggressions take place are evaluated. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in blood alcohol levels in victims of different ages, that the time in which assaults under chemical submission predominantly take place is at night, and the training of professionals is proposed for the adequate attendance to these people and awareness of the vulnerability associated with the abusive consumption of alcohol and substances.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122455244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burglary Reveals the Murder- without Cadaver DNA Proves the Identity","authors":"Deepak Y Kudekar","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114169685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights and Identification of Human Skeletal Remains by Digital Skull-Photographic Comparisons in Uruguay","authors":"H. Solla","doi":"10.23880/ijfsc-16000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000307","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists make unique contributions in human rights cases by applying scientific and forensic techniques to criminal investigations. In human rights cases, evidence is often based solely on the oral testimonies of victims or witnesses. There is little doubt concerning the importance of oral testimonies. However, spoken evidence is much more effective when it is corroborated by physical evidence. In Latin America countries, experts such as forensic anthropologists, pathologists, and archaeologists contribute to human rights cases by aiding in death investigations and in the identification of victims remains. Forensic anthropologists are often called on for cases in which trauma analysis and identification of human skeletal remains is necessary. After 1984, Argentina, Chile and Guatemala have developed national forensic anthropology teams but they are not part of their judicial system as they are not governmental organizations. But, since 1992 in Uruguay, there is an official Forensic Anthropology Laboratory integrated to the judicial system directed by the author. Since 1992 at the present, this Laboratory has made more than 1700 official forensic anthropology report of cases and identified more than 200 people with ages ranging from 5 to 90 years old at time of death using traditional forensic anthropology techniques.","PeriodicalId":231200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116873980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}