The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...最新文献

{"title":"Uptake pattern of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC in tissues: implications for inflammatory diseases.","authors":"Luz K Anzola,&nbsp;Chiara Lauri,&nbsp;Carlos E Granados,&nbsp;Bruno Laganà,&nbsp;Alberto Signore","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03178-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03178-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC binds to somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 2 and 5, also expressed on lymphocytes and macrophages, but no information is available about uptake in tissues that might be affected by a chronic inflammatory process. Our aim was to obtain normal reference values for: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC uptake in tissues prone to chronic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study in 81 patients who performed the scan for a suspicion of neuroendocrine tumor (NET). We analyzed major joints, salivary glands, thyroid, aortic wall from images acquired after injection of 173.9±1 Mbq of: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC. We calculated the SUV<inf>max</inf> and SUV<inf>target</inf>/SUV<inf>gluteus</inf> ratio or SUV<inf>target</inf>/SUV<inf>aorta</inf> ratio. Data are reported as mean±2 or ±3 standard deviations (SD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SUV<inf>max</inf> values appeared more reliable than other ratios. In thyroid we found a mean SUV<inf>max</inf> of 1.36±0.45, with no values >3SD; in parotid glands 0.98±0.40, with 2 values >3SD; in submandibular glands 0.99±0.37, with 2 values >3SD; in aortic arch 1.71±0.50, with 1 value >3SD; in thoracic aorta 2.03±0.52, with 1 value >3SD; in abdominal aorta 2.19±0.49, with no value >3SD; in shoulders 0.92±0.31 and in hips 0.87±0.34, with 2 and 4 values >3SD, respectively. These 12 values with SUV<inf>max</inf> >3SD, belong to 5 patients, 3 of which had signs of xerostomia and/or arthritis. A statistically significant correlation was observed between SUV<inf>max</inf> and age in all examined tissues but in the aorta.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tissues in which lymphocytic infiltration may occur show that SUV<inf>max</inf> is tissue-dependent. Within tissue variability, an SUV<inf>max</inf> greater than the mean +3SD is rarely found amongst patients without a symptomatic chronic inflammatory process but, when found, may highlight a chronic inflammatory condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"66 2","pages":"156-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37454448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An essential practice summary of the new EANM guidelines for parathyroid imaging.","authors":"Petra Petranović Ovčariček,&nbsp;Luca Giovanella,&nbsp;Elif Hindie,&nbsp;Martin W Huellner,&nbsp;Jean-Noël Talbot,&nbsp;Frederik A Verburg","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03427-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03427-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathyroid imaging is essential for the detection and localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Surgical treatment of pHPT mainly consists of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), as a single adenoma represents the most common cause of this endocrine disorder. Successful surgery requires an experienced surgeon and relies on the correct preoperative detection and localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. Failure to preoperatively identify the culprit parathyroid gland by imaging may entail a more invasive surgical approach, including bilateral open neck exploration, with higher morbidity compared to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Parathyroid imaging may be also useful before surgery in case of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) or hereditary disorders (MEN 1, 2, 4) as it enables correct localization of typically located parathyroid glands, detection of ectopic as well as supernumerary glands. It is now accepted by most surgeons experienced in parathyroid surgery that preoperative imaging plays a key role in their patients' management. Recently, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) issued an updated version of its Guidelines on parathyroid imaging. Its aim is to precise the role and the advantages and drawbacks of the various imaging modalities proposed or well established in the preoperative imaging strategy. It also aims to favor high performance in indicating, performing, and interpreting those examinations. The objective of the present article is to offer a summary of those recent EANM Guidelines and their originality among other Guidelines in this domain issued by societies of nuclear medicine physicians or other disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"66 2","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39925049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or 4: detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT. Illustrative cases and pitfalls.","authors":"Jean-Noël Talbot,&nbsp;Jules Zhang-Yin,&nbsp;Khadoun Kerrou,&nbsp;Cyrielle Aveline,&nbsp;Benedicte Vagne,&nbsp;Ophélie Bélissant,&nbsp;Marc Tassart,&nbsp;Sophie Périé,&nbsp;Phillipe Bouchard,&nbsp;Sophie Christin-Maitre,&nbsp;Fabrice Ménégaux,&nbsp;Lionel Groussin,&nbsp;Sébastien Gaujoux,&nbsp;Soňa Balogová,&nbsp;Françoise Montravers","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03440-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03440-9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT is now well established to detect HFPTG in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), but only a limited evidence is available about the utility of FCH PET/CT to detect the hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (HFPTG) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 or 4. The pHPT in this context frequently consists in a multiglandular disease with small hyperplastic glands rather than adenomas, which is challenging for imaging modalities. METHODS The data of patients with MEN1 or MEN4 after parathyroidectomy referred to FCH PET/CT for presurgical localisation of HFPTG were retrospectively reviewed, in search for diagnostic performance and for potential pitfalls. RESULTS In the present cohort, 16 patients referred to FCH PET/CT as part of their initial pHPT work-up were subsequently operated, 44 abnormal parathyroid glands (PT) were resected of which 32 (73%) had been detected on FCH PET/CT and 2 considered as equivocal foci. In 9 patients referred to FCH PET/CT for recurrent pHPT who were subsequently operated, 14 abnormal PT were resected, all had been detected on FCH PET/CT. FCH PET/CT permitted an unilateral approach for PTx in 4 of them; In one patient with MEN4 and pHPT, the HFPTG could not be visualised on FCH PET/CT, but was localised by ultrasonography. Several causes of false positive, false negative results, incidental finding and pitfalls are listed and discussed. CONCLUSIONS FCH PET/CT has a positive benefit/risk ratio in the detection of HFPTG in case of MEN1 (the data in MEN4 being currently very limited) with the most effective detection rate of current imaging modalities for HFPTG, few pitfalls, and an adequate impact on patient management compared to sestaMIBI SPECT and ultrasonography.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"66 2","pages":"130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39916199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiosynoviorthesis, almost 70 years of experience but still somewhat fameless.","authors":"F. M. van der Zant, R. Knol, W. Broos","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03470-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03470-7","url":null,"abstract":"Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) or radiation synovectomy has been practiced for more than half a century, but in many parts of the world, it is still relatively unknown and not used to its full potential in the standard care for chronic, persistent or recurrent synovitis. The working mechanism of RSO is simple yet elegant. Radiopharmaceutical particles are, after injection in the affected synovial joint, gobbled up by phagocytizing subsynovial inflammatory cells. As a consequence, the synovium will be irradiated locally resulting in synovial cell necrosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, which eventually leads to a decrease in the inflammatory response in the joint cavity. In this review RSO is once again brought to the attention and common indications for RSO are discussed. Also, appropriate doses of the administrated radiopharmaceuticals and co-administrated glucocorticoids are provided. Furthermore a detailed database-assisted chronological overview of published literature of RSO in inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis and osteochrondomatosis, hemophilic hemarthrosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is provided. Based upon the published literature an indication of level of evidence of RSO is discussed. There is evidence that RSO is effective in persistent synovitis in patients with a variety of causes for synovitis, although the effectiveness seems to decrease over time. In these patients, RSO may not be used to its full potential in many parts of the world. Results in of RSO in hemophilia patients with hemarthrosis are favourable, however the evidence for the effectiveness of RSO in these patients is less firm and mainly based on case series. The evidence for the efficacy of RSO as adjuvant therapy in PVNS is, at best, of very low quality.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84107591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory gated multistatic PET reconstructions to delineate radiotherapy target volume in patients with mobile lung tumors.","authors":"Sebastien Hapdey,&nbsp;Bernard Dubray,&nbsp;Mathieu Chastan,&nbsp;Sebastien Thureau,&nbsp;Pierrick Gouel,&nbsp;Agathe Edet-Sanson,&nbsp;Stéphanie Becker,&nbsp;Pierre Vera,&nbsp;Anne-Charlotte Bouyeure-Petit","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03183-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03183-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>PET-CT with ¹⁸F-FDG or other radiopharmaceuticals is a recommended tool to help the delineation of lung cancers candidate to radiotherapy. The motion artifacts caused by respiratory movements are reduced by 4D acquisitions. We introduced an extended reconstruction algorithm (multiple reconstruct register and average [multi-RRA]) which requires much shorter acquisition times than standard 4D PET-CT. Our aim was to evaluate the interest on multi-RRA images as an alternative of 3D and 4D PET-CT for the delineation of lung lesion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PET acquisitions synchronized to the respiratory signal were obtained in 18 patients with mobile lung tumors. We compared the tumor volumes delineated on Multi-RRA images to 3D and 4D PET-CT, considering the 4D CT as a reference. The tumor volumes were delineated and compared with topologic similarity indexes (Dice, Jaccard and overlap).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty tumors were delineated. The volumes delineated with multi-RRA and 4D PET were not significantly different (mean difference of 0.2±0.7 mL). Comparison by pairs (Tukey-Kramer test) showed that 3D-PET volumes were significantly smaller than 4D-PET and multi-RRA volumes (P<0.001). Topologic similarity indexes with 4D-PET were slightly statistically higher with multi-RRA than with 3D-PET (Dice and Jaccard) or 4D-CT (Dice, Jaccard and Overlap).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tumor volumes delineated on multi-RRA are similar to the volumes obtained with 4D PET, with shorter acquisition time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"66 2","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37530022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of radiosynoviorthesis - bright or bleak?","authors":"L. Freudenberg, Phillipp Sewerin, S. Ohlerth, K. Pomykala, S. Freudenberg, C. Rischpler, U. Lützen","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03475-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03475-6","url":null,"abstract":"Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a decades known, effective intra-articular nuclear medicine local therapy, with few rare side-effects, in which inflamed synovial membrane is treated by means of colloidal beta-emitters. There are major variations worldwide in terms of acceptance, frequency of use and approved indications for this procedure. Thus, reliable figures that reflect reality are only available for a few countries. A Europe-wide survey revealed that RSO is carried out most frequently in Germany, where RSO is the most common nuclear medicine therapy with about 70,000 joints treated per year. The main indications include synovitis due to rheumatoid arthritis, haemophilia and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), and depending on national approvals, osteoarthritis. Despite the many indications, there are very few published scientific studies and therefore, RSO evidence is lacking. Reliable data on the clinical usage of RSO and demographics of RSO specialists are only available in Germany, thus we discuss the future challenges of RSO mainly from a German perspective. In the German healthcare system, RSO is performed primarily on an outpatient basis and plays only a minor role in the university setting. The necessary expertise for RSO is therefore lacking, for the most part, at university training centers. Currently, nearly more than three quarters of the German RSO experts are over fifty years old, illustrating a shortage of young talent. In the future, RSO providers from the non-university or private sector will have to cooperate with universities through networks and will have to intensify their cooperation with referring physicians, such as rheumatologist and orthopedic surgeons, and patients in order to maintain a timely and beneficial exchange of information. In networks of RSO experts, the participants must jointly develop and establish training concepts and facilities for future talents, elaborate on guidelines, if clinically useful expand the range of indications, initiate studies to generate further evidence and finally make the procedure more public. In addition, it is worthwhile to apply this process beyond human medicine to other fields, such as medical physics and veterinary medicine. If these points are implemented, the future of RSO will be bright, if it fails, it looks bleak.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78610966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of PET imaging in inflammatory bowel diseases: state-of-the-art review.","authors":"P. Lovinfosse, R. Hustinx","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03467-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03467-7","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), i.e. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are autoimmune processes of undetermined origin characterized by the chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. There is no single gold-standard to diagnose IBD which is therefore carried out through the combination of endoscopy, biopsy, radiological and biological investigations; and the development of non-invasive technique allowing the assessment and monitoring of these diseases is necessary. In this state-of-the-art review of the literature, we present the results of PET imaging studies for the diagnosis and staging of IBD (suspected or known), response evaluation to treatment and evaluation of one the main complication, i.e strictures; explain the reasons why this examination is currently not considered in the IBD guidelines, e.g. radiation exposure, lack of standardization and not validated performances; and finally discuss the perspectives that could possibly allow it to find a place in the future, e.g. digital PET-CT, dynamic PET images acquisition, new radiopharmaceuticals, use of radiomics and use of artificial intelligence for automatically characterize and quantify digestive [18F]FDG uptake.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90074258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and molecular thyroid imaging.","authors":"Luca Giovanella,&nbsp;Petra Petranović Ovčariček","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03428-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03428-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclear medicine methods were introduced in the 1940s for thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy. They is still a crucial part of thyroid nodules work-up. Thyroid imaging with iodine or iodine-analog isotopes is widely employed in patients with thyrotoxicosis and remains the only examination able to prove the presence of autonomously functioning thyroid tissue, which excludes malignancy with a high probability. In addition, technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ([^99mTc]Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) are able to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures for cytologically inconclusive thyroid nodules, as confirmed by meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness studies. All considered thyroid molecular imaging allows functional characterization of different thyroid diseases, even before clinical symptoms become manifest, and remains integral to the management of such conditions. This paper summarizes main concepts of thyroid scintigraphy and its clinical use. In addition, it elaborates development of thyroid scintigraphy, as well as thyroid molecular imaging in patients with thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"66 2","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39925050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse effects under immune checkpoint inhibitors on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.","authors":"C. Sachpekidis, J. Hassel, A. Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03453-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03453-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their undisputed contribution to the management of various tumours and the prolongation of patient survival, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exert their effect at the cost of toxicity. In the context of the activation of the host immune system triggered by ICIs, collateral, inflammatory side effects, commonly addressed as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) often occur. Early detection of irAEs can be critical for adequate decisions on patient management that may subsequently improve patient outcome. Moreover, the emergence of irAEs has been linked with the anti-tumor effect elicited by ICIs, thus, their identification may potentially provide prognostic information. Although the diagnosis of irAEs is mainly clinical, some adverse events may be asymptomatic and only diagnosed by imaging modalities. At the same time, radiological signs of irAEs are not necessarily associated with clinical symptoms, however, clinicians should be alerted to their presence. Among imaging modalities 18F-FDG PET/CT has shown satisfying efficiency in response assessment and monitoring of ICIs' treatment, especially in patients suffering from metastatic melanoma and lung cancer. In this context, 18F-FDG PET/CT may also be a valuable method for surveillance of irAEs during immunotherapy. This article aims to review the most common adverse events observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT under immunotherapy and summarize potential results linking PET signs of irAEs with response assessment to ICIs.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75866472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of PET/CT in thyroid autoimmune diseases.","authors":"E. Califaretti, S. Dall’Armellina, G. Rovera, M. Finessi, D. Deandreis","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03464-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.22.03464-1","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is an heterogeneous group of disorders. It includes in particular Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a wide range of different functional status ranging from subclinical biochemical abnormalities to severe hyperthyroidism or severe hypothyroidism respectively. Furthermore other conditions more frequently infectious or drug related can cause an immune reaction in the thyroid tissue. In AITDs, Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) does not play a primary role for disease diagnosis or management, but accidental findings can occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and they should be recognized and well interpreted. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed databases was conducted to identify papers (systematic review, prospective and retrospective study, case report) evaluating the role of PET/CT in thyroid autoimmune diseases. Thyroid diffuse uptake of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) has been shown to be frequently associated with AITDs, but also with immune-induced thyroid disorders related to SARSCoV-2 or Immunotherapy, while malignant lesions more often have a focal aspect. Other radiopharmaceuticals as [68Ga]-DOTA-peptides, [68Ga]-fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) and [68Ga]-Prostate specific membrane antigen ([68Ga]-PSMA) showed similar findings. In conclusion, PET/CT scan in AITDs does not play a primary role in the diagnosis, but the occasional finding of a thyroid uptake must always be described in the report and possibly investigated for a better patient's management.","PeriodicalId":23069,"journal":{"name":"The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82602754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}